The development of cancer

Developing the indications and procedures of 12-core prostate biopsy under transrectal ultrasound guidance. Evaluating the results and giving the comments on relevant factors of 12-core prostate biopsy under transrectal ultrasound guidance.

24p cothumenhmong6 17-07-2020 8 1   Download

Human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) is a trypsin-like serine protease expressed predominantly in the prostate epithelium. Recently, hK2 has proven to be a useful marker that can be used in combination with prostate specific antigen for screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer. The cleavage by hK2 of certain substrates in the proteolytic cascade suggest that the kallikrein may be involved in prostate cancer development; however, there has been very little other progress toward its biochemical characterization or elucidation of its true physiological role.

8p system191 01-06-2013 45 2   Download

Four substrate analogs, 4-(2-naphthyloxy)-2-butyn-1-amine (1), 1,4-diamino-2-chloro-2-butene (2), 1,6-diamino-2,4hexadiyne (3), and 2-chloro-5-phthalimidopentylamine (4) have been tested as inhibitors against mammalian, plant, bacterial, and fungal copper-containing amine oxidases: bovine plasma amine oxidase (BPAO), equine plasma amine oxidase (EPAO), pea seedling amine oxidase (PSAO), Arthrobacter globiformis amine oxidase (AGAO), Escherichia coli amine oxidase (ECAO), and Pichia pastoris lysyl oxidase (PPLO).

14p research12 01-06-2013 43 6   Download

Thioredoxin is a ubiquitous dithiol oxidoreductase found in many organisms and involved in numerous biochemical processes. Human thioredoxin-like protein (hTRXL) is differentially expressed at different development stages of human fetal cerebrum and belongs to an expanding family of thioredoxins. We have solved the crystal structure of the recombinant N-terminal catalytic domain (hTRXL-N) of ˚ hTRXL in its oxidized form at 2.2-A resolution.

9p research12 01-06-2013 41 4   Download

Chickenovalbuminupstreampromoter-transcriptionfactorI (COUP-TFI, or NR2F1) is an orphan nuclear receptor that plays amajor role in the development of the nervous system. We show here that three ETS response elements in the COUP-TFIpromoter mediate its transcription. A reporter gene containing theseETSbinding sites is activatedbyEts-1, while the same reporter with point mutations on all three ETS response elements is not.

9p research12 29-04-2013 27 3   Download

Semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotics belong to the top 10 of most sold drugs, and are produced from 7-aminodes-acetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA). Recently new routes have been developed which allow for the production of adipyl-7-ADCA by a novel fermentation process. To complete the biosynthesis of 7-ADCAa highly active adipyl acylase is needed for deacylation of the adipyl derivative. Such an adipyl acylase can be generated from known glu-taryl acylases.

10p research12 23-04-2013 33 3   Download

Theb-amyloid peptide (Ab) is a major component of toxic amyloid plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease.Abis liberated by sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) byb-andc-secre-tases.The level of Abdepends directly on the hydrolytic activity ofb-secretase.Therefore, b-secretase is an excel-lent target for drug design.An approach based on RNA-cleaving ribozymes was developed to control expression ofb-secretase.

9p tumor12 20-04-2013 37 4   Download

The merozoite surface protein-1 represents a prime candi-date for development of a malaria vaccine. Merozoite sur-face protein-1 has been shown to demonstrate high-activity peptide binding to human red blood cells. One of the high-activity binding peptides, named 5501, located in the N-terminus (amino acid sequence MLNISQHQCVKKQ CPQNS) of the 19-kDa molecular mass fragment of mero-zoite surface protein-1, is conserved, nonimmunogenic and nonprotective.

7p tumor12 20-04-2013 27 2   Download

Three mammalian ADAMTS enzymes, ADAMTS-1, -4 and -5, are known to cleave aggrecan at certain glutamyl bonds and are considered to be largely responsible for car-tilage aggrecan catabolismobservedduring the development of arthritis. We have previously reported that certain cate-chins, polyphenolic compounds found in highest concen-trationingreentea(Camellia sinensis), are capable of inhibiting cartilage aggrecan breakdown in anin vitromodel of cartilage degradation.

10p fptmusic 16-04-2013 30 3   Download

We have developed a highly productive cell-free protein synthesis system from wheat germ, which is expected to become an important tool for postgenomic research. However, this system has not been optimized for the synthesis of disulfide-containing proteins. Thus, we sear-ched here for translation conditions under which a model protein, a single-chain antibody variable fragment (scFv), could be synthesized into its active form.

7p fptmusic 12-04-2013 29 3   Download

In recent years major progress has been made in elucidating the mechanism and structure of catalytic RNA molecules, and we are now beginning to understand ribozymes well enough to turn them into useful tools. Work in our laboratory has focused on the development of twin ribozymes for site-specific RNA sequence alteration. To this end, we followed a strategy that relies on the combination of two ribozyme units into one molecule (hence dubbed twin ribozyme).

11p fptmusic 11-04-2013 42 2   Download

Recent cloning of theXenopus laevis(Xl) matrix Gla protein (MGP) gene indicated the presence of a conserved overall structure for this gene between mammals and amphibians but identified an additional 5¢-exon, not detected in mammals, flanked by a functional, calcium-sensitive promoter, 3042 bp distant from the ATG initiation codon.

0p awards 06-04-2013 40 3   Download

The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is one of the key mediators of interferon (IFN) action against certain viruses. PKR also plays an important role in signal transduction and immunomodulation. Understanding the regulation of PKR activity is important for the use of PKR as a tool to discover and develop novel therapeutics for viral infec-tions, cancer and immune dysfunction.

0p awards 06-04-2013 25 2   Download

HIV-1 protease is a pivotal enzyme in the later stages of the viral life cycle which is responsible for the processing and maturation of the virus particle into an infectious virion. As such,HIV-1proteasehasbecomean important target for the treatment ofAIDS, and efficient drugs have beendeveloped. However, negative side effects and fast emerging resistance to the current drugs have necessitated the development of novel chemical entities in order to exploit different phar-macokinetic properties as well as new interaction patterns....

9p awards 05-04-2013 32 2   Download

We previously identified a partial expressed sequence tag clone corresponding toNARG2in a screen for genes that are expressed in developing neurons and misexpressed in transgenic mice that lack functional N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Here we report the first characterization of the mouse and humanNARG2genes, cDNAs and the proteins that they encode.Mouse andhumanNARG2 consist of 988 and 982 amino acids, respectively, and share 74% identity.

9p awards 05-04-2013 41 2   Download

The LmbB1 protein, participating in the biosynthesis of lincomycin,was heterologously expressed inEscherichia coli, purified in its active form, and characterized as a dimer of identical subunits. Methods for purification and analysis of the LmbB1 reaction product were developed. Molecular mass and fragmentation pattern of the product revealed by capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry were in agree-ment with its proposed structure, 4-(3-carboxy-3-oxo-propenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid.

6p awards 05-04-2013 36 5   Download

A pair of nuclear receptors, ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP), heterodimerize and transduce ecdysteroid signals. The EcR and its nonsteroidal ligands are being developed for regulation of transgene expres-sion in humans, animals and plants. In mammalian cells, EcR:USP heterodimers can function in the absence of ligand, but EcR⁄retinoid X receptor (EcR:RXR) heterodimers require the presence of ligand for activa-tion.

12p dell39 27-03-2013 43 4   Download

Hepatocyte growth factor like⁄macrophage stimulating protein (HGFl⁄MSP) and hepatocyte growth factor⁄scatter factor (HGF⁄SF) define a distinct family of vertebrate-specific growth factors structurally related to the blood proteinase precursor plasminogen and with important roles in development and cancer.

9p dell39 27-03-2013 38 6   Download

The steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) initiates insect molting and metamorphosis through binding with a heterodimer of two nuclear recep-tors, the ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (USP). Expression of the specific isoforms EcR-A and EcR-B1 governs steroid-induced responses in the developing cells of the silkworm Bombyx mori.

8p inspiron33 25-03-2013 47 5   Download

Careful regulation of the Wnt–B-catenin signaling pathway is critical to many aspects of development and cancer. Casein kinase Ieis a Wnt-activa-ted positive regulator of this pathway. Members of the Dishevelled family have been identified as key substrates of casein kinase I (CKI).

9p inspiron33 23-03-2013 34 4   Download