The immune system

Publicly available genome data provides valuable information on the genetic variation patterns across different modern human populations. Neuropeptide genes are crucial to the nervous, immune, endocrine system, and physiological homeostasis as they play an essential role in communicating information in neuronal functions.

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While there is evidence of both purifying and balancing selection in immune defense genes, largescale genetic diversity in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), an important part of the innate immune system released from dermal glands in the skin, has remained uninvestigated.

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The complement cascade is increasingly implicated in development of a variety of diseases with strong immune contributions such as Alzheimer’s disease and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Mouse models have been used to determine function of central components of the complement cascade such as C1q and C3.

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Transcription factors (TFs) control gene expression by direct binding to regulatory regions of target genes but also by impacting chromatin landscapes and modulating DNA accessibility for other TFs. In recent years several TFs have been defined that control cell fate decisions and effector functions in the immune system.

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Previous studies have identifed the carbohydrate epitope Galα1–3Galβ1–4GlcNAc-R (termed the α-galactosyl epitope), known as the α-Gal antigen as the primary xenoantigen recognized by the human immune system.

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In the current study, we synthesized eugenol (EU) based Pickering emulsion (PE) stabilized by food grade ingredients such as chitosan (CS) and tripolyphosphate (TPP) not only to enhance water miscibility of EU but also to decrease stress and damage to the immune system of fish due to anesthetic procedures.

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Multicolumn Countercurrent Solvent Gradient Purification (MCSGP) is a continuous chromatography technique used to maximize purification yields compared to traditional batch purification methods. Here we apply MCSGP for the reversed phase purification of a N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc)-cluster-conjugated DNA-LNA gapmer oligonucleotide therapeutic using a twin-column chromatography system.

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Continued part 1, part 2 of ebook "Microbiology: A systems approach (Fifth edition)" provide readers with content about: host defenses II - specific immunity and immunization; disorders in immunity; diagnosing infections; infectious diseases affecting the skin and eyes; infectious diseases affecting the nervous system;... Please refer to the part 2 of ebook for details!

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India sufers from a high burden of diarrhoea and other water-borne diseases due to unsafe water, inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices among human population. With age the immune system becomes complex and antibody alone does not determine susceptibility to diseases which increases the chances of waterborne disease among elderly population.

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There is substantial evidence that immunization is one of the most significant and cost-effective pillars of preventive and promotive health interventions. Effective childhood immunization coverage is thus essential in stemming persistent childhood illnesses.

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Among the most aggressive and rapidly lethal types of lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type. Exosomes, as a hot area, play an influential role in cancer. By using proteomics analysis, we aimed to identify potential markers of lung adenocarcinoma in serum.

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This study aimed to evaluate the utility of inflammation-based prognostic scores (IBPS) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in the treatment of oral cancer patients.

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Perioperative chemotherapy and surgery are a standard of care for patients with resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma. However, the prognosis remains poor for this population.

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Our immune system has its self-regulation mechanisms. Leukocytes can regulate their functions via control of the gene expression and/or the secretion of cytokines. In the review "Cancer immunotherapy: Immune-checkpoint blockades", we resumed the way T-cells are regulated between active and inactive states. The discovery of two receptors for the transduction of inhibitory signals, the cytotoxic T-cell receptor and the programmed cell death receptor, is presented in the second part.

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To analyze clinical characteristics in the prediction of death within 1 year in advanced oropharyngeal cancer patients treated with chemoradiation. Methods: One hundred forty-seven advanced oropharyngeal cancer patients who underwent curative-intent chemoradiation treatment were retrospectively enrolled. The pre-treatment clinical parameters including inflammatory markers were reviewed.

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Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a third most common tumor of the urinary system. Nowadays, Immunotherapy is a hot topic in the treatment of solid tumors, especially for those tumors with pre-activated immune state.

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The predictive value of an individual’s attitude towards painful situations and the status of his immune system for postoperative analgesic requirements are not well understood. These may help the clinician to anticipate individual patient’s needs.

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Chronic venous leg ulcers (CVLUs) are the most common type of lower extremity wound. Even when treated with evidenced-based care, 30–50% of CVLUs fail to heal. A specific gap exists about the association between psychosocial stressors, particularly loneliness, and biomarkers of inflammation and immunity.

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The systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), based on peripheral platelet, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, has been proven to be a promising prognostic indicator in various diseases. Hip fracture is a common injury among the older adults, and has become a global public health problem with high mortality and disability rates.

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Interaction of physical activity and overall immune profile is very complex and depends on the intensity, duration and frequency of undertaken physical activity, the exposure to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and the age-related changes in the immune system.

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