Traditional methods

In every text, some words have frequency appearance and are considered as keywords because they have strong relationship with the subjects of their texts, these words frequencies change with time-series variation in a given period. However, in traditional text dealing methods and text search techniques, the importance of frequency change with time-series variation is not considered. Therefore, traditional methods could not correctly determine index of word’s popularity in a given period.

4p bunbo_1 17-04-2013 19 1   Download

This book comprises the contributions of several authors in the area of polymer characterization by atomic force microscopy of the polymer network structure formed in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals Cells; polymerization by microwave irradiation method of starch/acrylic acid/acrylamide; polymerization of olefins; emulsion polymerization; ring opening polymerization; cationic polymerization of vinyl monomers ; block and graft copolymerization by controlled/living polymerization; fabrication of doped microstructures by two-photon polymerization; rheology of biomaterials; plant cell wall ...

436p greengrass304 18-09-2012 98 38   Download

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is concerned with the efficient numerical solution of the partial differential equations that describe fluid dynamics. CFD techniques are commonly used in the many areas of engineering where fluid behavior is an important factor. Traditional fields of application include aerospace and automotive design, and more recently, bioengineering and consumer and medical electronics.

523p chipmoon 19-07-2012 98 36   Download

This second edition presents new chapters on (a) the utilization of mutants as highresolution nanosensors of short-living protein structures and protein nanophysics (Chap. 11) and (b) the recently developed method of evolutionary computer programming (Chap. 12), respectively. In the latter method, computer programs evolve themselves towards a higher performance. In contrast to simple selflearning programs, the code of the evolved program differs significantly from that of the original "wild-type" program.

261p chuyenphimbuon 21-07-2012 30 5   Download

Bringing together the recent and relevant contributions of over 125 scientists from industry, government, and academia in North America and Western Europe, Alternative Toxicological Methods explores the development and validation of replacement, reduction, and refinement alternatives (the 3Rs) to animal testing. Internationally recognized scientists present what has been accomplished thus far in developing acceptable alternatives to traditional animal toxicological assessment and provide potentially new initiatives.

617p cronus75 18-01-2013 27 5   Download

Each generation has its unique needs and aspirations. When Charles Wiley first opened his small printing shop in lower Manhattan in 1807, it was a generation of boundless potential searching for an identity. And we were there, helping to define a new American literary tradition. Over half a century later, in the midst of the Second Industrial Revolution, it was a generation focused on building the future. Once again, we were there, supplying the critical scientific, technical, and engineering knowledge that helped frame the world.

502p banhkem0908 24-11-2012 41 4   Download

Dehydrogenases and reductases are enzymes of fundamental metabolic importance that often adopt a specific structure known as the Rossmann fold. This fold, consisting of a six-strandedb-sheet surrounded bya-helices, is responsible for coenzyme binding. We have developed a method to iden-tify Rossmann folds and predict their coenzyme specificity (NAD, NADP or FAD) using only the amino acid sequence as input.

8p inspiron33 26-03-2013 36 4   Download

This commonly used method of procuring furniture and equipment, requires a pool of qualified, interested bidders and clear, detailed specifications in order to achieve the desired result. Since the paperwork required is substantial, it calls for more effort by the bidding agency, and sometimes discourages prospective bidders. The open advertisement policy, typical of competitive bidding, can attract bidders who lack the experience, expertise, and financial stability required for this highly specialized type of project.

0p can_thai 10-12-2012 25 3   Download

Traditional Active Learning (AL) techniques assume that the annotation of each datum costs the same. This is not the case when annotating sequences; some sequences will take longer than others. We show that the AL technique which performs best depends on how cost is measured. Applying an hourly cost model based on the results of an annotation user study, we approximate the amount of time necessary to annotate a given sentence. This model allows us to evaluate the effectiveness of AL sampling methods in terms of time spent in annotation. ...

4p hongphan_1 15-04-2013 25 3   Download

The molecular analysis of human cancer is complicated by the difficulty in obtaining pure populations of tumor cells to study. One traditional method of obtaining a pure representation has been establishing cancer cell lines from primary tumors. However, this technique is time consuming and of low yield. Artifacts of cell culture include the selection of genetic alterations not present in primary tumors (1,2) and the alteration of gene expression as compared to primary tumors (3).

268p tom_123 15-11-2012 32 2   Download

A generic sample normalization method applicable in relative comparison of mRNAs quantified with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is proposed. The method was applied in samples obtained from tomato seeds after osmopriming and aging treatments and from untreated seeds at early imbibition stage, when seeds had not completed germination.

8p dell39 27-03-2013 26 2   Download

The computation of selectional preferences, the admissible argument values for a relation, is a well-known NLP task with broad applicability. We present L DA - SP, which utilizes LinkLDA (Erosheva et al., 2004) to model selectional preferences. By simultaneously inferring latent topics and topic distributions over relations, L DA - SP combines the benefits of previous approaches: like traditional classbased approaches, it produces humaninterpretable classes describing each relation’s preferences, but it is competitive with non-class-based methods in predictive power. ...

11p hongdo_1 12-04-2013 25 2   Download

Constructing an encoding of a concept lattice using short bit vectors allows for efficient computation of join operations on the lattice. Join is the central operation any unification-based parser must support. We extend the traditional bit vector encoding, which represents join failure using the zero vector, to count any vector with less than a fixed number of one bits as failure.

10p hongdo_1 12-04-2013 23 2   Download

It is traditionally assumed that various sources of linguistic knowledge and their interaction should be formalised in order to be able to convert words into their phonemic representations with reasonable accuracy. We show that using supervised learning techniques, based on a corpus of transcribed words, the same and even better performance can be achieved, without explicit modeling of linguistic knowledge. In this paper we present two instances of this approach.

9p buncha_1 08-05-2013 31 2   Download

A facile method for expression and purification of the Alzheimer’s disease-associated amyloid b-peptide ´ Dominic M. Walsh1, Eva Thulin2, Aedın M. Minogue1, Niklas Gustavsson3, Eric Pang4, David B.

16p vinaphone15 27-02-2013 12 1   Download

To solve a problem of how to evaluate computer-produced summaries, a number of automatic and manual methods have been proposed. Manual methods evaluate summaries correctly, because humans evaluate them, but are costly. On the other hand, automatic methods, which use evaluation tools or programs, are low cost, although these methods cannot evaluate summaries as accurately as manual methods. In this paper, we investigate an automatic evaluation method that can reduce the errors of traditional automatic methods by using several evaluation results obtained manually. ...

8p hongvang_1 16-04-2013 20 1   Download

News stories are typically rich in NEs and therefore, comparable news corpora can be expected to contain NETEs (Klementiev and Roth, 2006; Tao et al., 2006). The large quantity and the perpetual availability of news corpora in many of the world’s languages, make mining of NETEs a viable alternative to traditional approaches. It is this opportunity that we address in our work. In this paper, we detail an effective and scalable mining method, called MINT (MIning Named-entity Transliteration equivalents), for mining of NETEs from large comparable corpora. ...

9p bunthai_1 06-05-2013 10 1   Download

Learning objectives for chapter 2: Explain the purpose and various phases of the systems development life cycle (SDLC); explain the differences between a model, a tool, a technique, and a methodology; describe the two overall approaches used to develop information systems: the traditional method and the object-oriented method,...

9p kiepnaybinhyen_02 25-12-2015 7 1   Download

This chapter covers oral reporting and presentation techniques. After studying this chapter you will be able to understand: How the oral research presentation differs from and is similar to traditional public speaking, why historical rhetorical theory has practical influence on business presentation skills in the 21st century, how to plan for the research presentation,...

43p estupendo4 24-08-2016 24 1   Download

(BQ) The method of electrical discharge machining (EDM), one of the processing methods based on non-traditional manufacturing procedures, is gaining increased popularity, since it does not require cutting tools and allows machining involving hard, brittle, thin and complex geometry

9p xuanphuongdhts 27-03-2017 6 1   Download