Bài giảng Phát triển phần mềm nguồn mở: Bài 7 - Nguyễn Hữu Thể

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Blade là templating engine đơn giản nhưng rất tuyệt vợi cung cấp bởi Laravel. Không như những templating engine của PHP, Blade không cấm bạn sử dụng code PHP thuần ở trong view. Bài giảng này sẽ hướng dẫn người học sử dụng route, views, blade templates trong Laravel. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.

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Nội dung Text: Bài giảng Phát triển phần mềm nguồn mở: Bài 7 - Nguyễn Hữu Thể

PHÁT TRIỂN PHẦN MỀM NGUỒN MỞ ROUTE, VIEWS, BLADE TEMPLATES Nguyễn Hữu Thể
Routing − Basic Routing − Route Parameters • Required Parameters • Optional Parameters • Regular Expression Constraints − Named Routes − Route Groups • Middleware • Namespaces • Sub-Domain Routing • Route Prefixes − Route Model Binding • Implicit Binding • Explicit Binding − Form Method Spoofing − Accessing The Current Route 2
Routing Image from: http://www.savecontactform7.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-laravel-framework 3
Basic Routing − Laravel routes: providing a very simple and expressive method of defining routes: Route::get ('/', function () { return view('welcome'); } ); − For most applications, you will begin by defining routes in your routes/web.php file. − Test: http://localhost/MyProject/public/ 4
Basic Routing Route::get ( 'foo', function () { return 'Hello World'; } ); − Test: http://localhost/MyProject/public/foo 5
Available Router Methods − The router allows you to register routes that respond to any HTTP verb: Route::get($uri, $callback); Route::post($uri, $callback); Route::put($uri, $callback); Route::patch($uri, $callback); Route::delete($uri, $callback); Route::options($uri, $callback); 6
Route Parameters Route::get ( 'foo', function () { return 'Hello World'; } ); Route::get ( '/', function () { return 'Hello World'; } ); Route::post ( 'foo/bar', function () { return 'Hello World'; } ); Route::put ( 'foo/bar', function () { // } ); Route::delete ( 'foo/bar', function () { // } ); 7
Responds to multiple HTTP − Using the match method. Route::match ( [ 'get','post' ], '/', function () { return 'Hello World'; } ); − Or, register a route that responds to all HTTP verbs using the any method. Route::any ( 'foo', function () { return 'Hello World'; } ); 8
Route Parameters − You may need to capture a user's ID from the URL. You may do so by defining route parameters: Route::get ( 'hello/{name}', function ($name) { return 'Hello ' . $name; } ); 9
Route Parameters − You may define as many route parameters as required by your route: Route::get ( 'posts/{post}/comments/{comment}', function ($postId, $commentId) { // } ); − Note: • Route parameters are always encased within {} braces and should consist of alphabetic characters. • Route parameters may not contain a - character. Use an underscore (_) instead. 10
Optional Parameters − Placing a ? mark after the parameter name. Make sure: a default value Route::get ( 'user/{name?}', function ($name = null) { if ($name == null) //Response to … else //Response to … } ); Route::get ( 'user/{name?}', function ($name = 'John') { return $name; } ); 11
Regular Expression Constraints − Constrain the format of your route parameters using the where method on a route instance. Route::get ( 'user/{name}', function ($name) { return $name; } )->where ( 'name', '[A-Za-z]+' ); Route::get ( 'user/{id}', function ($id) { return $id; } )->where ( 'id', '[0-9]+' ); Route::get ( 'user/{id}/{name}', function ($id, $name) { return $id . ' ' . $name; } )->where ( [ 'id' => '[0-9]+','name' => '[a-z]+' ] ); 12
Regular Expression Constraints 13
Global Constraints − A route parameter to always be constrained by a given regular expression, use the pattern method. − Define these patterns in the boot method of your RouteServiceProvider: app\Providers\RouteServiceProvider.php public function boot(){ Route::pattern('id', '[0-9]+'); parent::boot(); } − Once the pattern has been defined, it is automatically applied to all routes using that parameter name: Route::get('user/{id}', function ($id) { // Only executed if {id} is numeric... }); 14
Named Routes − The convenient generation of URLs or redirects for specific routes. − name method: Route::get ( 'user/profile', function () { // } )->name ( 'profile' ); − You may also specify route names for controller actions: Route::get('user/profile', 'UserController@showProfile')->name('profile'); 15
Generating URLs To Named Routes − Use the route's name when generating URLs or redirects via the global route function: // Generating URLs... $url = route('profile'); // Generating Redirects... return redirect()->route('profile'); − If the named route defines parameters, you may pass the parameters as the second argument to the route function. Route::get('user/{id}/profile', function ($id) { // })->name('profile'); $url = route('profile', ['id' => 1]); 16
Route Groups − Share route attributes: • middleware • Namespaces • Sub-Domain Routing • Route Prefixes − Shared attributes are specified in an array format as the first parameter to the Route::group() method. 17
Middleware − To assign middleware to all routes within a group, you may use the middleware key in the group attribute array. Route::group ( [ 'middleware' => 'auth' ], function () { Route::get ( '/', function () { // Uses Auth Middleware } ); Route::get ( 'user/profile', function () { // Uses Auth Middleware } ); } ); 18
Namespaces − Use-case for route groups is assigning the same PHP namespace to a group of controllers using the namespace parameter in the group array: Route::group ( [ 'namespace' => 'Admin' ], function () { // Controllers Within The //"App\Http\Controllers\Admin" Namespace } ); − Default: the RouteServiceProvider includes your route files within a namespace group, allowing you to register controller routes without specifying the full App\Http\Controllers namespace prefix. 19
Sub-Domain Routing − Route groups may also be used to handle sub-domain routing. − The sub-domain may be specified using the domain key on the group attribute array: Route::group(['domain' => '{account}.myapp.com'], function () { Route::get('user/{id}', function ($account, $id) { // }); }); 20