Các giải pháp cấp thoát nước đô thị bền vững để ứng phó hiệu quả với biến đổi khí hậu

flOY HOACH KjgW THOC<br /> <br /> <br /> CAC GIAI PHAP CAPTHOAT N U O C D O T H I<br /> BEN VQNG DE QNG PHO HIEU QUA VCfl<br /> BIEN DOI KHf HAU<br /> Nguyen Viet Anh<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 1 . Oat van de t i n g do thay ddi be mat phu; dddng dng<br /> T h o i t nudc v i xd li nudc t h i i , ve sinh cap nude bi rd ri; edng t h o i t nude bi t i c , bdi<br /> ABSTRACT mdi trudng l i nhdng ndi dung quan trpng l i n g ; edng trinh t h o i t nude bi h u hai; c i e sU<br /> trong quy hoach, x i y dUng v i q u i n li dd cd tai tram bom t h o i t nudc mda, nude t h i i ;<br /> The paper presents new thi, n h i m giam thieu nhdng mat tieu cue do bien ddi khi h i u dan den lupng mUa<br /> approaches and technical options do c h i t t h i i p h i t sinh tU c i c hoat ddng cua t i n g va ehe dp thuy v i n dd thi t r i i vdi quy<br /> dd thi, eung nhu tU c i c q u i trinh t u nhien l u i t , mUc nudc bien dang.<br /> in urban drainage and sewerage<br /> (mUa, b i o , han hin,...), gdp phan n i n g cao<br /> management. Decentralized c h i t luong cudc sdng. Tai c i c khu vUc dang 2. Cac phuong thiifc tiep can ben vuTng<br /> wastewater management, with ddi mat vdi tinh trang ha tang thap kem, trong thoat nUdc 66 thi<br /> low-cost treatment technologies mdi trudng bi d nhiem, benh t i t l i y lan, 2. /. Thodt nudc vd xdlinudc thdi<br /> has number of advantages ung ngap hay lut ldi, ngudi ta lai c i n g t h i y Nude t h i i cd the dupe thu gom v i xd li<br /> compared with conventional t i m quan trpng eua linh vuc nay. Odi vdi cae trong cac loai he thdng t h o i t nude ehung,<br /> khu dd thi, diem d i n cU mdi, c h i t lupng he rieng, nda rieng hay hon hop, theo c i c md<br /> approach. Sustainable urban<br /> thdng ha tang ky thuat, trong dd cd t h o i t hinh td ehUe t h o i t nude t i p trung hay p h i n<br /> drainage solutions (SUDS) are also nudc mUa, nudc t h i i , gdp p h i n quyet dinh t i n . He thdng t h o i t nudc t i p trung thudng<br /> introduced whereas flow diversion tinh hap d i n ddi vdi k h i e h h i n g , eung nhu dupe x i y dung eho c i c khu trung t i m dd<br /> and retention techniques can be sU p h i t trien ben vung cua khu dd thi dd ve thi, ed mat dp dan sd cao, cd dieu kien x i y<br /> applied. Some good models of l i u d i i . Ben canh dd, bien ddi khi h i u n g i y dung ddng bd. Tuy nhien, phuong thdc<br /> sustainable, integrated urban cang trd t h i n h nhdng t h i e h thUe r i t Idn ddi t h o i t nude truyen thdng n i y cd nhieu han<br /> vdi cdng t i c quy hoach dd thi v i x i y dung che, vi the, n g i y nay tren The gidi ngUdi ta<br /> water management applied in<br /> c i c he thdng ha t i n g ky thuat dd thi, n h i t l i khuyen khich ap dung md hinh phan t i n ,<br /> Vietnam and other countries are c i c dd thi ven bien d nUdc ta. d i e biet l i cho cic khu dd thi mdi, cic vung<br /> presented as examples. 6 Viet Nam, cho den nay, d h i u het cie ven dd, ndng thdn. Md hinh n i y cd nhdng<br /> dd thi, he thdng t h o i t nude chung dang Uu diem chinh sau:<br /> <br /> PGS.TS Nguyen Viet Anh duac sd dung cho t i t c i c i c loai nude t h i i - Giam chi phi d i u t u x i y ddng, van<br /> v i nudc mua, vdi cic tuyen edng c h i p h i n h v i b i o dudng, nhd t r i n h duoc c i c<br /> UV BCH Hoi Moi tnifomg Xay difng<br /> v i , thieu ea ehieu d i i , dudng kinh, eao dp tuyen cdng t h o i t nude d i i , dudng kinh v i<br /> Viet Nam khdng phu hop,... Ty le c i c hp d i u ndi v i o dp s i u Idn, cac tram bom nudc thai;<br /> Pho vien trudng, Vien Khoa hoc mang ludi t h o i t nude nhieu noi cdn rat - Cho phep sd dung cae g i i i phap cdng<br /> va Ky thuat Moi tradng (lESE) thap. d nhieu khu dd thi mdi, mac du nude nghe don g i i n , ehi phi thap, t i n dung triet<br /> Trirdng Dai hpc Xay dung t h i i sinh hoat d i ddpc t i c h ra khdi nudc de cie dieu kien t u nhien de xd ly nudc t h i i ,<br /> mUa t d ngay trong edng trinh, tuy nhien, khi do p h i n t i n dupc quy dat yeu c i u . Cic edng<br /> OT: (04) 3628 4509<br /> ra den mang ludi t h o i t nude ben n g o i i , c i c nghe eung nhu c i c md hinh q u i n li, co ehe<br /> DO: 091320.9689 loai nude t h i i nay chua dupc xd ly, lai d i u t i i ehinh i p dung eung r i t linh hoat cho<br /> E-mail: vietanhctn@gmail.com v i o mpt tuyen edng chung, g i y d nhiem c i c khu vUc khie nhau, tuy theo dieu kien<br /> v i l i n g phi. Tmh trang yeu kem trong q u i n cu the.<br /> ly ric t h i i va bun can eung g i y i n h hudng - De quy hoach v i thuc hien quy hoach.<br /> tieu cue den he thdng t h o i t nude. Phi t h o i t Cho phep phan dot xay dung, d i u t u eic<br /> nddc hay phi b i o ve mdi trudng do nudc hpp p h i n ky t h u i t tUng budc theo k h i<br /> t h i i qua t h i p , khdng du trang t r i i chi phi n i n g tai chinh. Quy md dau t u eung s i t vdi<br /> q u i n li he thdng. yeu c i u hon, t r i n h l i n g phi.<br /> Cic nguyen n h i n g i y n g i p lut t d nddc - Cho phep huy ddng tdi da su tham<br /> mda, nude t h i i d cic dd thi Viet Nam thudng gia cua cdng ddng trong q u i n ly he thdng<br /> li: he thdng t h o i t nudc chua dupc x i y dUng t h o i t nudc d tat c i cie k h i u eua d u i n .<br /> day du; thiet ke ban d i u khdng phu hpp; - Cho phep t i i sU dung tai chd nudc<br /> he sd ddng c h i y trong luu vUc t h o i t nudc t h i i sau xd li (rda, tudi, bd c i p nude ngam)<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 02.2011 mmiTicT 4 5<br />  va chat dinh dudng tach duoc (bdn ciy<br /> trdng),.., Trong mdt sd trddng hpp, cd the<br /> xd li nudc thai tai cac tram phin t i n rdi x i<br /> v i o mang ludi t h o i t nddc mUa, nhd vay tiet<br /> kiem ding ke ehi phi xiy dung dUdng cdng<br /> t h o i t nddc.<br /> Nhdm nghien edu Quin li nude t h i i<br /> phin t i n (DESA) cua Vien KH&KTMT, OHXD<br /> da nghien cdu phit trien thanh edng edng<br /> nghe xd li nddc t h i i tai cho chi phi thap vdi<br /> cum be BASTAF v i b i i Ipe ngam trdng ciy,<br /> v i cum be xd ly ehe tao sin bing compos-<br /> ite BASTAFAT, ket hpp xd li ki khi v i xd li hieu<br /> khi. Hieu suit xd li cua he dat mdc A theo<br /> QCVN 24/2009-BTNMT v i QCVN 14/2008-<br /> BTNMT, cho phep x i nddc thii sau xd li ra<br /> mdi trudng hay t i i sddung (Hinh 1, 2).<br /> <br /> <br /> 2.2. Thodt nudc be mat ben vdng vd tdi<br /> sddung nudc mUa trong cdc do thi<br /> Q u i trinh do thi hoa d i g i y nhdng<br /> t i e ddng xau den q u i trinh t h o i t nude tU<br /> nhien: ddng c h i y t u nhien bi thay ddi, q u i<br /> Hinh 1. Cum be xuf ly nirdc thai tai cho che tao sin BASTAFAT, lap dat cho Khu biet thu cao cap, Trung tam Hpi nghi<br /> trinh luu g i d ddng c h i y be mat mdt c i c h tU<br /> QuocgiaMyflinh, HaNpi<br /> nhien b i n g eae t h i m thue v i t v i d i t bi mat<br /> di, thay vao d d la nhdng be mat phu khdng<br /> t h i m nddc n h d mai nha, be tdng, dudng<br /> nhUa, lam t i n g lUu lUpng ddng c h i y be mat<br /> (Hinh 3.a). Nhdng d d n g c h i y n i y lai t h u d n g<br /> bi d nhiem do ric, bun d i t v i c i c c h i t ban<br /> k h i e rda trdi tU mat dUdng. LUpng nddc<br /> chay tran be mat v i cudng dp ddng c h i y<br /> t i n g tao nen sd xdi m d n v i l i n g bun can.<br /> T i t c i nhdng yeu t d nay gay ra nhdng t i c<br /> ddng x i u den mdi trUdng, gay ung ngap, d<br /> nhiem ngudn nddc, i n h hddng den he sinh<br /> t h i i dudi nudc.<br /> Cie he t h d n g t h o i t nddc truyen t h d n g<br /> t h u d n g duoc thiet ke de van chuyen nude<br /> mda ra khdi noi p h i t sinh c i n g nhanh cang<br /> tdt. Trong c i c he t h d n g niy, chi phi eho xay<br /> dung v i van h i n h , b i o dUdng c i c d u d n g<br /> cdng t h o i t nude t h u d n g r i t Idn, trong khi<br /> cdng s u i t eua ehung lai chi cd gidi han v i<br /> khdng de n i n g cap. Cich l i m n i y dan den<br /> nguy cO ngap lut, xdi m d n dat v i d nhiem<br /> d vung ha Idu t i n g . Tren thdc te, t h u d n g<br /> rat khd x d ly ddOc nude mda d cudi dUdng<br /> dng, bdi sU thay ddi nhanh chdng cua lUu<br /> luong eung n h U n d n g dp c h i t ban. Viec d i n Hinh 2. BASTAFAT lap dat cho Khu do thi sinh thai Song Anh, Ha Noi<br /> di xa va t h i i ddng c h i y be mat edn l i m m i t<br /> k h i n i n g bo cap tai cho cho c i e tang chda<br /> nude n g i m quy g i i .<br /> Phat hien v i khac phue nhUng t d n tai<br /> Cich tiep can cua t h o i t nudc mda dd, sd d u n g b i n t h i n dien tieh be mat cua<br /> tren, g i n d i y , ngUdi ta da nghien eUu v i<br /> ben vdng SUDS l i t h o i t c h i m , khdng t h i n h phd, t i n g cudng viec cho nddc mda<br /> i p dung c i c g i i i p h i p ky thuat thay the,<br /> p h i i t h o i t nhanh, de tranh lUpng mUa t i p t h a m t u nhien xudng d i t qua c i c t h i m cd<br /> theo phuong thUe tiep can mdi: hddng tdi<br /> trung Idn trong thdi gian n g i n (Hinh 3a). xanh, d d n g thdi c i i tao c i n h quan va dieu<br /> viec duy tri nhdng d i e t h u t u nhien eua<br /> Tiet dien cdng se khd cd the d i p dng neu hda tieu khi h i u . Tham nude mua xudng<br /> d d n g c h i y ve d u n g lupng, eUdng dp va<br /> lupng mua Idn, t d n kem m i nude van tran cung giup b d cap hdu hieu cho ngudn nddc<br /> chat lupng; kiem s o i t tdi da ddng c h i y t d<br /> cdng, gay ngap d u d n g , lut n h i . Vi vay, p h i i ngam dang ngay c i n g khan hiem, suy kiet<br /> ngudn, g i i m thieu tdi da nhUng khu vUc<br /> td chdc t h o i t nddc mda, ket hpp c i c bien (Hinh 3c).<br /> tieu t h o i t nude true tiep, lUu g i d nude tai<br /> p h i p k h i e nhau m d t c i c h d d n g bd, sao eho Trong trddng hpp kha nang kiem soat<br /> ehd va eho t h i m xudng dat, ddng thdi kiem<br /> ddng c h i y duoc t i p trung c h i m . Sd d u n g d d n g c h i y tai eho bi han che, thi cd the p h i n<br /> s o i t d nhiem. Od ehinh l i nhdng nguyen ly<br /> cae hd dieu hda tren dien tich t h u g o m v i t i n d d n g c h i y theo c i e ldu vuc nhd, dan<br /> eua t h o i t nudc be mat ben vdng (Sustain-<br /> truyen dan nddc mda de luu g i d nude l i nudc di b i n g nhdng g i i i p h i p nhU sd dung<br /> able urban drainage solutions - SUDS).<br /> mdt c i c h l i m p h d bien (Hinh 3b). Ben canh<br /> kenh m u o n g h d va ndng, luu g i d nude mda<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 4 6 B I 0 i l l [ f S l 02.2011<br />  vung ven bien hay eic dio, nudc mUa thu<br /> gom duoc sd dung lam nudc i n udng trong<br /> Dong chay be mat thdi gian hpc sinh hpc tai trudng.<br /> Liru khi 66 thi hoa<br /> (a) 3.3. Tgi cdc khu vuc cdng cdng<br /> JLTOTig<br /> Dudi cic bii do xe, nudc mua thudng<br /> (m3/s)<br /> ddOc tap trung ve cic be ngim, ben trong<br /> cd cic khdi nhua cUng, rong duoc lip ghep,<br /> Dong chay<br /> xep chdng len nhau, tao thinh mpt he thdng<br /> ta nhien tham Ipe va Idu gid nddc mda chic chin. Ben<br /> ngoii khdi lip ghep niy phu Idp vii chdng<br /> tham v i Idp sdi. Tuy thude vio dien tich bii<br /> de xe, ngudi ta tien hinh xiy dung mdt hoic<br /> ThO"! gian (h) nhieu modun. Nudc mUa dupc thim, Ipe<br /> sach v i lim cham ddng chiy qua he thdng<br /> Dong chay be mat nay, trudc khi chiy tdi cic be chda hay cdng<br /> LLCU (b) thoit nudc. Cung cd mdt sd bii xe sd dung<br /> lu'O'ng khi (To thi hda ngay cic eau kien be tdng due sin lim be<br /> (m3/s) Lwu gid 1 chda ngam. Nude mUa d diy dupc sd dung<br /> cho cic muc dich cdng cdng nhu rda dudng,<br /> Dongchay cap cho dai phun nude, cdu hda,...<br /> / da cai thien Dpe cic tuyen phd, ben eanh he thdng<br /> thoit nudc mda vdn cd cua thinh phd, cie<br /> cdng trinh thim Ipc nude mUa cung dUdc<br /> Thai gian (h) xiy dung (Hinh 6). Cic cdng trinh dd cd the<br /> l i cic be m i t cd khi ning tham nude dpe<br /> theo hai ben dudng hoic tren via he, hay he<br /> thdng hio Ipc ngim, cie hd ga tham Ipc. d<br /> (C) mpt sd noi, ngudi ta thu gom va chda nude<br /> mUa true tiep dpe theo be mat dudng giao<br /> Lwu giCf 2 thdng. Cic hio Ipc hay hd ga thim Ipc giup<br /> Tham bd cap ngudn nUde ngim. Lupng nude mUa<br /> Ddng chay chiy trin se chiy vio mang ludi thoit nude<br /> da cai thien mUa cua thanh phd.<br /> 'SS^^^pl^^^^^^<br /> 3.4. Su tham gia cua cdng chung<br /> TU thing 12/2004, thinh phd Seoul da<br /> Tho'i gian (h)<br /> ban hinh mdt quy dinh de thue diy viee<br /> thu gom nude mua, nhim trinh ung ngap<br /> Hinh 3. Nguyen tie thoat nudc be mat ben vdng va tiet kiem ngudn nude, ddng thdi ting<br /> a. Dong chay tap trung do be mat phii do thi bi thay doi; cUdng y thdc cpng ddng vi phit trien ben<br /> b. Trcl ve dong chay tU nhien ban dau nhd cac giai phap lam cham dong chay be mat; vdng. Quy dinh niy duoc i p dung bit budc<br /> c. Gi^m liAi luong niidc can thoat nhd cac gidi phap lam cham dong chay va tham. ddi vdi tat ei cae tda nhi edng cdng mdi,<br /> v i khuyen cio i p dung ddi vdi cic cdng<br /> trinh cu, khuyen khieh i p dung ddi vdi cic<br /> trong nhdng hd chda v i eho thim xudng dit nudc mUa cho khu ehung cU cao cip Star dien tich cdng edng nhu edng vien, bii do<br /> d nhdng khu vdc thich hpp. Oe ngin ngUa city d Seoul. Tai diy, 3 be nude mua, dung xe, trudng hpc. Odi vdi cic nhi rieng, eic<br /> va kiem soit d nhiem, cd the i p dung nhdng tich mdi be 1000 m'dupe xiy dung de chda tda nhi cd dien tich sin tren 3.000 m' dupc<br /> giii phip xd ly tai cho trong bii dit thim, hdnudc mda cho muc dieh edu hda, tudi ciy khuyen khich i p dung. Quy dinh niy cung<br /> ling, bai Ipc ngam trdng ciy,... v i x i toilet. Oe khuyen khieh ehu dau tu Uu tien i p dung cic he thdng thu gom va<br /> ddng y vdi phuong i n xiy dung be nudc t i i sd dung nudc mUa tai cic khu dd thi mdi.<br /> 3. Mot so mo hinh quiin ly nifdc do thi mUa, chinh quyen d i eho phep hp ting sd Ngudi din dd thi dupe yeu ciu hpp tic vdi<br /> Thu gom va tdi sd dung nudc mUa a Han ting nhi eua ehung cU, de dim bio loi ich chinh quyen thinh phd, nap va xi be chda<br /> Quoc cho ei hai ben. nudc mua theo thdng bio td co quan khi<br /> 3.1. Cdc toa nhd cao tang tupng (Hinh 7).<br /> d cic tda nhi cao tang nhu chung cU, 3.2. Cdc trudng hgc<br /> van phdng, trung t i m thuong mai, ky tuc Nudc mda dupe thu gom chu yeu td 4. Oe xuat to chiirc thoat nirdc cho cac<br /> xi, nude mUa dUdc thu gom tU mii v i cic mii eua cac tda nhi v i dan tdi cic be chda d d t h i Viet Nam<br /> khu vdc trong khudn vien cua khu nhi v i xiy dung ngam hoic ndi. Nudc mUa dupe 4.1. To chdc thodt nudc cho cdc do thi<br /> dua tdi cic be chda nim dudi tang him. sd dung eho muc dich rda riy eua hpc sinh - Odi vdi cie khu vdc trong dd thi hien<br /> Can ban trong nude mUa dupc loai bd nhd v i cap nude tddi ciy, vudn trong trUdng. He cd: van sd dung he thdng cdng thoit nudc<br /> h§ thdng Ipc cat lip dit tren be, trude khi thdng thu gom nudc mUa eung l i md hinh chung, vdi cic tuyen cdng bao thu gom<br /> nddc mua chiy vio be chda. Nude mUa sau giup hpc sinh ning cao y thdc trong viee sd nudc thii sinh hoat, cdng nghiep va nudc<br /> dd dupe SUdung de cap eho x i rda be xi, be dung tiet kiem nudc, ed y thdc hon trong mda dpt dau, khdng cho chiy true tiep vio<br /> tieu, tudi sin vudn, du trU cho ehUa chiy. bio ve mdi trudng v i cd traeh nhiem hon sdng, hd, kenh muong ma dan bing cac<br /> Hinh 4 the hien so dd thu gom v i sU dung vi su phit trien ben vdng dd thi. Odi vdi eic tuyen cdng chinh ve cic tram xd ly nudc thii.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 02.2011 mnff nsiT 47<br />  Tren cic tuyen edng chinh niy, g i n ngudn<br /> tiep nhan, de giim ehi phi van chuyen va xd<br /> li nude thii, bd tri eic gieng trin tach hon<br /> hpp nddc mda dpt sau v i mdt phan nddc<br /> t h i i da dupe pha loang, tran qua d i p tran<br /> chiy ra ngudn tiep nhin. Phit trien tdi da<br /> cic cdng trinh lim sach nddc thii, nddc<br /> mda sau gieng trin theo md hinh phin<br /> tin.<br /> - Ooi vdi cic khu do thi xay dung mdi,<br /> xiy dung he thdng thoit nude rieng va xd li<br /> nude t h i i datyeuciu trUdekhi x i ra ngudn<br /> tiep nhin.<br /> -Trong giai doan chda cd dieu kien xiy<br /> dung diy du cic tuyen cdng thoit nude t ^ water<br /> rieng v i tram xd li nudc thii, van phii eoi<br /> trpng va phat huy vai trd eua be tu hoai de<br /> RecoUedion<br /> xd li nudc den, hay nUdc den va nude xim<br /> td cic hp gia dinh, nhi ehung cd, cP quan, by infiltration<br /> from the surface from the rooftop for emergency<br /> CO sd dich vu,... Be tU hoai phii dugc thiet<br /> ke, xiy dung va quin li dung quy cich.<br /> Hinh 4. He thong thu gom va sil dung nudc mUa cho cac tda nha. Star City, Seoul<br /> - Odi vdi cic do thi mien nui, do cd dp<br /> ddc dpe dddng Idn, thuin Ipi eho viec thoit<br /> nddc, nen sd dung he thong thoit nude<br /> rieng. Cic thi tran, eic khu vUc ven dd, ed<br /> the i p dung loai he thdng thoit nude rieng<br /> giin lupc, vdi dddng kinh nhd, chdn ndng<br /> dpe via he, so do dau ndi xuyen tieu khu,<br /> cung vdi cic kenh, mUOng, edng sin cd<br /> de thoit nude be mat, se giim thieu tdi da<br /> chi phi xay dung v i quin li he thdng thoit<br /> nddc.<br /> - Odi vdi cae dd thi vung ddng bing,<br /> dp ddc cdng nhd, phii ting eUdng tiet dien<br /> edng de thoit nUde, do vay can triet de<br /> t i n dung cic mat nude dd thi lim hd dieu<br /> hoa, kenh muong dan nddc v i giim dp sau<br /> chdn edng.<br /> - Odi vdi eic do thi ven bien, dia hinh<br /> bang phang, khd tao ddpc dp ddc diy cdng<br /> thuin Ipi, lai it ed cic sdng mUOng va hd<br /> dieu tiet, do dieu kien dia chit phan Idn la<br /> cit v i cit pha. d cic dd thi niy, cd the Ipi<br /> dung nddc trieu len xudng hing ngiy, xay<br /> dung cic edng tu dpng ddng/md theo mUe<br /> Hinh 5. He thong thu gom va s i dung nirdc mUa trong trudng hgc<br /> nude trieu de thoit nddc v i thau rda hang<br /> ngay he thdng edng.<br /> Cd ging ap dung cic giai phip thoat<br /> nddc ben vdng cing sdm cang cd Ipi. Ldng<br /> ghep phuang thdc niy vdi quy hoach phit<br /> trien khdng gian dd thi; quin li chit ehe<br /> cao dp san nen, tieu thoit nUde cua cae<br /> khu vUc dd thi mdi phit trien; dam bio<br /> su thdng nhat, phdi hop nhip nhang gida<br /> thoit nddc vdi he thdng thuy vin dd thi<br /> va toan lUu vUc, ke c i he thdng thuy ndng,<br /> tieu thoit lu, dieu tiet hd chda thuy dien d<br /> thuang lUu va ha luu.<br /> Trong dd thi, i p dung cic giii phip<br /> nhu tao cie hd dieu tiet, cae kenh mUOng<br /> hd, ting mat dp ciy xanh, vUdn hoa, edng<br /> vien, tao vung trung xanh tham nude dpe<br /> dddng giao thdng,... Tinh toin eho thay,<br /> neu dien tieh nude mat trong dd thi dat Hinh 6. Giai phap thu gom nUdc miia dgc theo cac tuyen pho<br /> 7,0 % dien tich luu vUc, thi luong nudc can<br /> tieu thoit ngay da giam di dUOc mdt nda.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 4 8 B W n i i 1 S l 02.2011<br />  5. Ket luan<br /> Tuy dieu kien cu the, thoat nude v i xd<br /> li nudc t h i i p h i n t i n , hay t h o i t nude be<br /> m i t ben vdng eho phep i p dung linh hoat<br /> Woather lorecast from c i e g i i i p h i p cdng nghe khae nhau. Cic<br /> Korea MeteoroloRical Administration<br /> g i i i p h i p dupe de x u i t la: q u i n li nudc t h i i<br /> p h i n t i n , vdi cic cdng nghe t h o i t nude v i<br /> xd li nudc t h i i ehi phi thap, q u i n li nudc be<br /> mat ben vdng theo phuong thdc tU nhien<br /> - thoat c h i m , Idng ghep t h o i t nudc be mat<br /> calling for opL-ra<br /> vdi q u i n li nddc t h i i , ric t h i i , bun can va<br /> cap nudc. Van de san xuat biogas thu dupe<br /> t d x d i i bun, ric hdu CO, nudc t h i i d d t h i lam<br /> ngudn nhien lieu thay the, t i i sd dung lai<br /> nudc t h i i v i bun can trong ndng nghiep<br /> mdt c i c h kinh te v i an t o i n cung c i n p h i i<br /> dupc coi trpng. " C h i t t h i i " khdng p h i i l i<br /> Rainwater reservoirs<br /> c h i t t h i i , ma l i "ngudn t i i nguyen".<br /> Oe ed the thuc hien dupc q u i n li nUde<br /> Hinh 7. Lien ket he thong: dil bao M tuflng va van hanh cac be chda nddc mda thai ben vdng cho cic khu dd thi, chu d i u<br /> t u phai n h i n thUe dupe tam quan trpng<br /> cua cdng t i c q u i n li nudc t h i i ddi vdi sUe<br /> khde cdng ddng, mdi trudng sinh thai, Ipi<br /> ich lau d i i trong kinh doanh. Ben canh do,<br /> c i n thiet xem xet, dieu chinh, cap n h i t , bd<br /> sung cic tieu chuan thiet ke t h o i t nUde<br /> cho phu hop vdi dieu kien Viet Nam, d i e<br /> biet l i de dng phd vdi bien doi khi h i u . Ap<br /> dung triet de phuong thdc tiep can tdng<br /> hop, q u i n li theo luu vUc. T h o i t nUdc, xd li<br /> nudc t h i i , cung nhu cic van de ha tang ky<br /> thuat dd thi khie, e i n dupc g i i i quyet mdt<br /> c i c h ddng bd, v i c i n g Idng ghep sdm tU<br /> k h i u quy hoach, ehi phi cang giam. •<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Hinh 8. Thi cong xay ddng be chda nudc mua, de tai NCKH gida Trddngfiaihoc Xay di/ng vafiHQGSeoul, Han Quoc.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 10 quan ndi t h i n h cua H i Ndi cd tdng cdng dd n h u l i m c i c be ehUa thu nude mUa tai<br /> 111 hd, tdng dien tich 1.165 ha. Vdi dp sau mdi gia dinh, moi tda nha. Cich l i m nay TAI LIEU THAM KHAO<br /> trung binh 2m, dung tich 23,3 trieu m'. Tam vda cho phep s d d u n g ngudn nudc qui trdi 1. Cao Anh Dung, Nguyen Viet Anh, Han Mooyoung. Thu<br /> lay so bd dung tich dieu hda l i 10 trieu m l eho trong sinh hoat, tudi vUdn, rda xe, dpi gom va sd dung nudc mda trong do thi - Mot vai kinh<br /> Neu thay vi hd ed dp s i u 2m, ta d i o siu toilet, edu hda..., m i cdn g i i m thieu dang nghiem td Han Qudc Ky yeu Hpi thao Bien ddi khi hau - cac<br /> xudng thanh 5m, dung tich chda se l i 60 ke luu lupng nude mUa t i p trung v i o he van de cua Ha Npi, UBND TP. Ha Noi - Tri/dng Dai hoc Xay<br /> trieu m', dung tich dieu hda cd the t i n g len thdng t h o i t nddc dd thi. Cd the xay dung dung, 11/2010.<br /> 30 trieu m ' h o i c hon. Vdi dung tich dieu c i c be chUa nude n g i m dudi moi tda nha<br /> 2. Nguyen Van Cam. Oe xuat phuong an, so dd td chdc thoat<br /> hda niy, cdng he thdng cdng ket ndi tdt cic v i eho c i khu n h i hay cac khu vUe cdng<br /> nddc cho cac dd thi. Tham luan tai Hgi thao Thoat ni/dc do thi<br /> hd vdi mang ludi t h o i t nudc v i mdt sd tram cdng. 6 mdt sd nude, ngudi ta s i n x u i t<br /> ben vdng. Trung tam KTMT CT&KCN (CEETIA), TrUdng Oai hoc<br /> bom. H i Npi se het ngap. Od la ehUa ke cic loai tui chda nude mUa, s d d u n g gidng n h u<br /> Xay di/ng - Trung tam Ky thuat Nudc va Phat trien (WEDC),<br /> t i c dung quan trpng cua hd dieu hda nhu mdt chiec ao mUa: khi n i o s i p mUa thi xde<br /> Oai hpc tdng hop Loughborough, Anh qudc. 20/3/2003.<br /> c i i thien dieu kien vi khi h i u , t i n g g i i tri du ra, het mUa, khdng mudn dung nda thi gap<br /> lich, cinh quan, sinh thii,... lai, r i t tien lai ma lai khdng d i t . Phuong 3. Nguyen Viet Anh. Thoat nudc dd thi ben vdng va kha<br /> thUe tiep can t h o i t nude dd thi ben vdng, nang ap dung tai Viet Nam. Tham luan tai Hdi thao Thoat<br /> <br /> 4.2. Thu gom va tdi sddung nudc mua thu gom v i t i i sd dung nudc mda ddpc i p nudc do Ihl ben vdng. Trung tam KTMT OT&KCN (CEETIA),<br /> <br /> Hien cd nhieu g i i i p h i p thich hdP ed dung, Idng ghep hai hda vdi cae g i i i p h i p Trudng Oai hoc Xay dung - Ttung tam Ky thuat Nudc va Phat<br /> <br /> the g i i m thieu sU ung ngap m i mdi hp quy hoach dd thi, kien true v i ky thuat ha trien (WEDC), Oai hoc tdng hop Loughborough, Anh qudc.<br /> <br /> d i n , mdi eo quan cd the d d n g gdp sdc v i o tang khic. 20/3/2003.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 02.2011 KKOilTilfill 4 9<br />