Giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành lữ hành hướng dẫn 2 - Phần 2: Hướng dẫn (Ngành: Quản trị dịch vụ du lịch và lữ hành - Trình độ: Cao đẳng) - Trường Cao đẳng Thương mại và Du lịch Hà Nội

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Giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành lữ hành hướng dẫn 2 - Phần 2: Hướng dẫn (Ngành: Quản trị dịch vụ du lịch và lữ hành - Trình độ: Cao đẳng) gồm các bài thuyết minh tại điểm với các chủ đề về du lịch Việt Nam. Giáo trình giúp cho sinh viên có kiến thức cơ bản và chuyên sâu về chuyên ngành lữ hành hướng dẫn bằng tiếng Anh thông qua số lượng từ vựng, cấu trúc ngữ pháp, thuật ngữ chuyên ngành; có các kỹ năng, nghiệp vụ liên quan đến lĩnh vực lữ hành hướng dẫn. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo chi tiết nội dung giáo trình!

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Nội dung Text: Giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành lữ hành hướng dẫn 2 - Phần 2: Hướng dẫn (Ngành: Quản trị dịch vụ du lịch và lữ hành - Trình độ: Cao đẳng) - Trường Cao đẳng Thương mại và Du lịch Hà Nội

ỦY BAN NHÂN DÂN THÀNH PHỐ HÀ NỘI TRƯỜNG CAO ĐẲNG THƯƠNG MẠI VÀ DU LỊCH HÀ NỘI GIÁO TRÌNH Môn học: TIẾNG ANH CHUYÊN NGÀNH LỮ HÀNH HƯỚNG DẪN 2 – PHẦN 2: HƯỚNG DẪN Ngành: QUẢN TRỊ DỊCH VỤ DU LỊCH VÀ LỮ HÀNH Trình độ: CAO ĐẲNG (Ban hành theo Quyết định số: 194/QĐ-TMDL ngày 01 tháng 8 năm 2019) HÀ NỘI, 2020
CONTENTS Unit 1 ARRIVALS 1 1. Presentation 2 2. Vocabulary 2 3. Reading 4 4. Language and practice 6 5. Listening 7 6. Speaking 8 7. Writing 9 8. Exercises 9 Unit 2 TOURIST INFORMATION 16 1. Presentation 17 2. Vocabulary 17 3. Reading 20 4. Language and practice 21 5. Listening 23 6. Speaking 24 7. Writing 26 8. Exercises 27 Unit 3 TOUR BOOKING 31 1. Presentation 32 2. Vocabulary 32 3. Reading 35 4. Language and practice 37 5. Listening 38 6. Speaking 39 7. Writing 41 8. Exercises 42 Unit 4 TOUR ITINERARY 49 1. Presentation 50 2. Vocabulary 50 3. Reading 51 4. Language and practice 56 5. Listening 57 6. Speaking 59 7. Writing 61 8. Exercises 68 Unit 5 DESTINATION AND TOURIST ATTRACTIONS 71 1. Presentation 71 2. Vocabulary 72 3. Reading 73 4. Language and practice 77 5. Listening 80 6. Speaking 81 i
7. Writing 82 8. Exercises 85 REVISION 1 93 Unit 6 TOUR COMMENTARIES 102 1. Presentation 103 2. Vocabulary 103 3. Reading 105 4. Language and practice 108 5. Listening 110 6. Speaking 110 7. Writing 111 8. Exercises 113 Unit 7 EATING OUT 123 1. Presentation 123 2. Vocabulary 123 3. Reading 125 4. Language and practice 128 5. Listening 137 6. Speaking 138 7. Writing 140 8. Exercises 141 Unit 8 RURAL TOURISM 146 1. Presentation 146 2. Vocabulary 146 3. Reading 147 4. Language and practice 150 5. Listening 152 6. Speaking 152 7. Writing 153 8. Exercises 155 Unit 9 ON TOUR 162 1. Presentation 162 2. Vocabulary 162 3. Reading 164 4. Language and practice 171 5. Listening 173 6. Speaking 174 7. Writing 180 8. Exercises 183 Unit 10 COMPLAINTS 188 1. Presentation 188 2. Vocabulary 188 3. Reading 189 4. Language and practice 192 5. Listening 193 ii
6. Speaking 193 7. Writing 195 8. Exercises 204 REVISION 2 209 Further Tour 221 Commentaries References 270 iii
TUYÊN BỐ BẢN QUYỀN Tôi xin cam đoan cuốn giáo trình này do cá nhân tôi biên soạn, dựa trên kiến thức chuyên môn của bản thân cùng với các tài liệu liên quan đến môn học đã được liệt kê rõ ràng, chi tiết trong danh mục tài liệu tham khảo cuối giáo trình. Tài liệu này thuộc loại sách giáo trình nên các nguồn thông tin có thể được phép dùng nguyên bản hoặc trích dùng cho các mục đích về đào tạo và tham khảo. Mọi mục đích khác mang tính lệch lạc hoặc sử dụng với mục đích kinh doanh thiếu lành mạnh sẽ bị nghiêm cấm. iv
LỜI GIỚI THIỆU Hiện nay, du lịch là một trong những ngành được ưu tiên phát triển của Việt Nam. Theo số liệu năm 2018 của Vụ Lữ hành (Tổng cục Du lịch, Bộ VHTTDL), cả nước có gần 7000 hướng dẫn viên du lịch quốc tế, trong đó lượng người cần tiếng Anh chiếm đến 50%, còn lại là các ngôn ngữ khác, Như vậy, trung bình mỗi năm Việt Nam đón trên 10 triệu lượt khách quốc tế nhập cảnh để tham quan du lịch và kinh doanh. Đối với các trường đại học, cao đẳng và các cơ sở đào tạo nghề, việc giảng dạy ngoại ngữ chuyên ngành là rất cần thiết, những kiến thức này sẽ giúp sinh viên có thể giao tiếp và vận dụng những hiểu biết chuyên ngành đã học với khách du lịch hay đối tác nước ngoài khi tiếp xúc hoặc làm việc với họ tại các công ty lữ hành hay tại doanh nghiệp hoặc ở bất cứ nơi nào. Giáo trình Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành Lữ hành hướng dẫn 2 - Phần 2: Hướng dẫn dành cho các sinh viên đã có kiến thức về Tiếng Anh chuyên ngành lữ hành hướng dẫn 1, đã hoàn thành chương trình tiếng Anh cơ bản, có khả năng nghe, nói, đọc, viết ở trình độ trung cấp, có kiến thức cơ bản về chuyên ngành lữ hành hướng dẫn. Giáo trình gồm 2 phần: Phần 1 gồm 10 bài và 2 bài ôn tập có nội dung liên quan đến các kiến thức chuyên sâu về nghiệp vụ hướng dẫn như: đón khách, thuyết minh tại điểm, xây dựng chương trình tour… Mỗi bài gồm 8 phần theo bố cục chặt chẽ. Phần 2 gồm các bài thuyết minh tại điểm với các chủ đề về du lịch Việt Nam. Giáo trình giúp cho sinh viên: - Có kiến thức cơ bản và chuyên sâu về chuyên ngành lữ hành hướng dẫn bằng tiếng Anh thông qua số lượng từ vựng, cấu trúc ngữ pháp, thuật ngữ chuyên ngành. - Có các kỹ năng, nghiệp vụ liên quan đến lĩnh vực lữ hành hướng dẫn. - Có kiến thức về chuyên ngành lữ hành hướng dẫn, liên quan đến hoạt động kinh doanh thông qua thực tiễn kinh doanh du lịch của các công ty lữ hành. - Nâng cao trình độ tiếng Anh thông qua 4 kỹ năng nghe, nói, đọc, viết trong lĩnh vực chuyên ngành lữ hành hướng dẫn. Trong quá trình biên soạn tôi đã cố gắng lựa chọn, xây dựng nội dung sát với kiến thức chuyên ngành, phù hợp với chương trình khung và chương trình chi tiết của Nhà trường. Nội dung chính để biên soạn giáo trình này: - Dựa vào một số giáo trình Tiếng Anh về chuyên ngành lữ hành hướng dẫn có liên quan nhiều đến các lĩnh vực trong ngành du lịch của các tác giả trong và ngoài nước trong thời gian gần đây nhất, giúp sinh viên thực hiện được mục tiêu giao tiếp thông thường trong công việc, hoàn thiện thêm kiến thức chuyên môn nghiệp vụ bằng cách cung cấp cho sinh viên khả năng diễn đạt về ngôn ngữ ở các kỹ năng quan trọng đối với nghề lữ hành hướng dẫn. - Dựa vào một số hiện tượng ngữ pháp được lựa chọn kỹ để phù hợp với mục đích củng cố kiến thức cơ bản đã học và mở rộng, nâng cao để ứng dụng trong từng bài. - Dựa trên các kỹ năng đọc, thuyết trình và nghe nói lấy từ các giáo trình v
tiếng Anh với mục đích phát triển ngôn ngữ, có mở rộng về chuyên ngành lữ hành hướng dẫn. Trong thời gian làm giáo trình, tôi nhận được rất nhiều sự giúp đỡ, đóng góp quý báu từ phía các bạn đồng nghiệp trong khoa Ngoại ngữ, khoa Du lịch, và Ban giám hiệu. Tôi xin chân thành cảm ơn các khoa và sự chỉ đạo sát sao của Ban Giám Hiệu, Phòng Đào tạo trường cao đẳng Thương mại và Du lịch Hà Nội. Trong quá trình biên soạn không thể tránh khỏi những thiếu sót, kính mong các đồng nghiệp góp ý để tôi điều chỉnh, hoàn thiện. Xin trân trọng cảm ơn! Chủ biên Nguyễn Thị Hồng Hạnh vi
UNIT 1: ARRIVALS Objectives After finishing the unit, students will be able to: * Knowledge: - Develope vocabulary related to welcoming the guest and arrival places * Skills: - Greet and welcome guests - Use structures to confirm guests‘identity - Write an arrival information * Attitude: - Express confidence in communication. - Be responsible for working 1
1. PRESENTATION Look at the photos and answer the following questions 1.1. Where are they? Example: at a hotel 1.2. What type of tourist or visitor is being welcomed in each case? 2. VOCABULARY Arriving and moving on 2.1 Look at the list of arrival places. Where do you find them? Example: at an airport, at a seaport, at a land border 1. domestic/international terminal 2. Terminus 3. Arrivals lounge 4. Customs 5. Border control 6. Immigration 7. Harbor 8. Meeting point 2.2. Match a word in A with a word in B. There may be more than one possibility 2
A B 1. accommodation a. booking service 2. car b. bus 3. city c. centre 4. connecting d. desk 5. information e. flight 6. rush f. our 7. schedules g. lough 8. shuttle h. rank 9. taxi i. rental 10. transfer j. service 11. transit 2.3. Complete the arrival information sheet using words from 2.3 If you have a__________1 flight, please go to the_________2 lounge. There is a__________3 bus between the airport and the city centre. This scheduled__________4 takes approximately 30 minutes (45 minutes in the________5). Alternatively, you can go to the __________6 rank. If you have pre-booked the transfer__________7, please go to the information__________8 to meet your driver. If you have pre-booked a hire car, please go to the__________ __________ desks. 2.4. Insert the correct word from the box into the gaps customs officer departure lounge carry-on bag check in immigration officer baggage collection baggage allowance queue travel documents immigration visa 1. When you arrive in a country from overseas the_____ checks your passport. In some countries you must have a_____ before you can enter. Then you proceed to the _____ area to pick-up your bags and then to the _____ who may, (but not always) check your baggage. 2. When you leave a country you must first _____ with the airline to get your boarding pass. If there are a lot of people you must _____ Then you go through _____, where they check your travel documents and then to the _____to wait for your flight. 3. On most international flights you have a _____ of 20 kilograms per person. Many airlines allow you to take one bag on to the aircraft usually a maximum weight of 7 kg. This is called a _____ 2.5. Study the paragraph above and answer the following questions 1. What word means ‗abroad‘? __________________________________ 2. What are ‗travel documents‘? __________________________________ 3. What word means ‗go in‘? __________________________________ 4. What are ‗international flights‘? ________________________________ 3
5. Can you name some ‗airlines‘? ________________________________ 6. What word means ‗no more than‘? ______________________________ 7. What is another word for ‗plane‘? ______________________________ 8. What is another word for ‗depart‘? ______________________________ 9. What words mean ‗for each‘? __________________________________ 3. READING Welcome - the first encounter 3.1. Match the words with their dictionary definitions 1. encounter a. friendly and generous behavior towards guests 2. experience b. a meeting, especially one that is sudden and unexpected 3. hospitality c. a greeting that is given to somebody when they arrive, 4. welcome especially a friendly one d. something that has happened to you, often unusual or exciting 1____, 2____, 3____, 4____ 3.2. Read the text. Which subtitle do you think is the best? • Tourism: the encounters industry • Tourism: the experience industry • Tourism: the hospitality industry • Tourism: the welcome industry An introduction to working in tourism Tourism is about encounters - encounters with people, with places, and with experiences. And the most important encounter is the first one: arrival and greetings. Get that one right and the rest is much easier. Arrival encounters can take place anywhere: at the airport, at the hotel, at the campsite, in the restaurant, on the tour bus, or at the attraction. Wherever it takes place, the rules are the same: a Be prepared b Look the part c Smile d Be interested e Be helpful f Be yourself 3.3. Which of the six points (a-f) would include this advice? 1. Offer to carry a bag, to get a drink, to open the door, anything to show you're there to help. 2. Do your research - know who you're meeting, know where you're going. 3. Have confidence in your abilities and personality. 4. There are many ways of greeting in different countries, but the smile is 4
universal. 5. Dress appropriately - be smart, clean, and tidy. 6. Find out about the person you're with, and ask them about themselves. 3.4. Read the passage and answer these questions 1. What do you know about Egypt? 2. Is this a dessert or on the mainland? 3. Where is it located? 4. Why do tourists visit it and where do they come from? The pyramid blocks were hewn from quarries using stone and copper tools. The blocks were transported to the pyramid site from remote quarries using barges, and from local quarries using wooden sleds. The Egyptians did not use the wheel during the Pyramid Age, an invention that would have been of limited use on softer ground under heavy loads. The sleds were dragged manually, sometimes with the help of beasts of burden, over smoothed roads. Some of the existing pathways were equipped with transverse wooden beams to lend support to the sled. A lubricant may have been poured upon the road to reduce friction. Egyptians successfully completed the most massive building projects in all of history. There is nothing magical or supernatural in the means by which they achieved their goals, as is commonly thought. By all indications, they retained their knowledge of construction throughout their history, but they were limited after the Fourth Dynasty not by the lack of technology but rather by the lack of the abundant resources that were previously available. More than two thousand years later, the Romans would move huge stones, some weighing nearly 1,000 tons, using similar techniques at Baalbek. Questions: Decide if the statements below are True, False or Not Given according to the information in the passage. 1. The wheel was invented during the Pyramid Age, even thought it was not used. 2. Sleds were dragged by animals not humans. 3. It is possible that Ancient Egyptians could have lubricated their roads to aid transportation. 4. The building work of the Ancient Egyptians is unrivalled. 5. Some people believed that magic may have been used by the Ancient Egyptians. 6. Limited technology limited the construction of the Ancient Egyptians from the Fourth Dynasty. 7. The Romans learned the techniques of moving huge stones from the Ancient Egyptians. 5
4. LANGUAGE STUDY AND PRACTICE * Language study 1. Welcoming Welcome/ Welcome to Vietnam Or welcome back to Hoi An 2. Introducing yourself * Informal: Hi. My name‘s Joane Oh, hi. I‘m Elex * Formal: Good morning. My name is Hong Hanh May I introduce myself? I‘m your guide 3. Introducing someone else This is… Have you met….? 4. Checking someone identity You must be…. It‘s…, isn‘t it? 5. Making an offer Can I/ we + get/ give/ offer, etc? * Practice 4.1. Look at these expressions. Who says them? Write H (for host) or V (for visitor) 1. Thank you. That‘s very kind. 2. Can I help you with your bags? 3. Do you like travelling? 4. How long does it take to get there? 5. Do you travel abroad a lot? 6. I‘m here to take you to our office. 7. No, it‘s all right, thanks. They‘re not heavy. 8. This way. 9. Did you have a good flight? 10. You can put your bags in the boot. 4.2. Look at the phrases, select the correct answer 1. Good afternoon. How ___ (is / are) it ______ (going / you)? 2. I‘ll ______ Mr. Mores know you are here. (tell/ let) 3. How was the ________ (flight / ride)? The airline staff was great. 4. _____ (do / did) you _____ (have / had) a good flight? 5. What _____ (does / was) the weather _____ (love / like)? 6. How was the ______ (train / flight) ride? It was nice. 7. ____ (Had / Have) you been to Paris before? Yes in 2008. 8. Would you like some ______ (sugar / sweet) and milk with your tea? Just milk. 4.3. Match the questions with these answers and practice the dialog 1. Good afternoon. How is it going? 2. Did you have a good flight? 3. What was the weather like? 6
4. Have you been to Paris before? 5. How long was the train ride? 6. Maybe I can help you? a. Very nice and sunny. b. It was short, about 55 minutes. c. Yes, I have an appointment with Mr. Smith. d. No, horrible service and the plane was full. e. Yes, three times in 2001, 2008 and 2010. f. I‘m ok. 5. LISTENING Greeting and introducing 5.1. Listen to eight greetings and introductions. For each one, answer the questions. 1- Where does the conversation take place? 2- Have the speakers met before? 3- Is the conversation formal or informal? 4- Is another person or are other people introduced? 5.2. Listen again and complete the sentences 1. Hello, Peter – it‘s __________ again. Welcome to Atlanta. How was your flight? 2. Hello, and ________ joining us tonight. ________ Praphat and __________ my colleague Amphai. We‘ll __________ on tonight‘s excursion. 3. Good __________, Mr. Ellman. Is everything to __________? __________ get you some more wine? 4. __________ introduce myself? My name is Chie Mashida and I‘m the manager. __________ to the people who are going to be looking after you during the conference. __________ Masako… 5. A- Hi, it‘s Johann, __________? Glad you could make it. __________? B- Good, yeah. You? A- __________. Have you __________ Lucy? She organized this reception. 6. Ladies and gentlemen, __________ Paradise Cruises, __________ you all on board. We __________ to offer you a complimentary glass of champagne. 7. You __________ Ms Holweger. Welcome to Copenhagen. __________ take your bag for you. 8. Welcome __________, Dr Allegretti. Nice __________. We‘ve put you in your usual room. 5.3. Listen to someone picking up a car from the car hire desk at Cape Town airport. Complete the online booking form. Listen again. Complete the questions used by the assistant for each of the prompts from a training guide. 1. Offer help Can ________________________________________________ ? 2. Find out name What _______________________________________________ ? 3. Online booking? 7
Was _______________________________________________ ? 4. Offer upgrade Would ______________________________________________ ? 5. Check drop-off You‘re going to drop it off in ten days‘ time? Is __________________________________________________ ? 6. Ask age Can you ____________________________________________ ? 7. Offer additional insurance Do you _____________________________________________ ? 8. Check/ offer extras Do you _____________________________________________ ? 9. Ask age of child How old ____________________________________________ ? 10. Anything else? Is there _____________________________________________ ? 11. Get signature Could you ___________________________________________ ? 12. Ask method of payment How will ____________________________________________ ? 5.4. Use the questions to practise the dialogue with a partner 6. SPEAKING Welcoming visitors 6.1. You‟re meeting a visitor to your country at the airport Apart from ‗welcome‘, what topics might you talk about? Choose from the list or think of your own. * comfortable flight? * visited this country before? * hungry or thirsty? * the weather where they came from * a brief history of your country * what‘s going to happen in the next hour or so * people and places in the visitor‘s country that you know For each one you choose, what would your first sentence be? 6.2. You are at a reception for an international tourism fair in your city Work in two groups Group A: Meeters and greeters You are working at the reception. Your job is to welcome each of the guests and begin a short conversation. You may want to offer something or introduce the guest to another person. NOTES Make sure that you treat each guest with the appropriate level of respect and formality. Two of the guests should be people that you already know. None of the guest should be left on their own. 8
You should meet and greet as many different guests as possible. Group B: Guests Write your name and job/ position on a badge/ label. Choose from this list or think of your own. * a local hotel manager * a local tour operator * a local travel agent * a tour guide * the mayor of the city (a VIP) * an invited guest from another country the driver who brought the mayor When you have finished, change roles and repeat the activity 6.3. Read and practise the text Good morning everyone. My name is Luca. On behalf of Suntan Tours, I'd like to welcome you all to Los Cabos. The bus ride to your hotel will take about fifteen minutes. Right now I'd like to take a minute to familiarize you with the area and discuss some brief safety precautions. Firstly, I ask that you remain seated until we reach our destination and that you not eat or drink while on the bus. Secondly, please realize that it is against the law to get drunk in public. Enjoy your vacation. 7. WRITING Arrival information Write an arrival information sheet for your city or region. If appropriate, include sections on:  General arrival information  Airport to city/town centre  Intercity buses and trains  Other arrival points  Car hire  Information ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8. EXERCISES 8.1. Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions. 1. The man arrived at the bus stop after we _____ for him for about 2 hours. A. had waited B. were waiting C. waited D. have waited 2. Tom _____ on the beach at this time next week. A. is going to lie B. will lie C. will be lying D. lies 9
3. I will come and see you before I _____ for Hanoi City. A. leave B. will leave C. left D. shall leave 4. He said he _____ at home. A. is staying B. has stayed C. was staying D. will stay 5. I‘m going to go out and _____. A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut 6. I didn‘t regret _____ a year traveling around the world. A. spend B. to spend C. spending D. to spending 7. Next month when there _____ a full moon, the ocean tides will be higher. A. is being B. is C. will be D. will have been 8. If they _____ me to their wedding party, I wouldn‘t refuse. A. had invited B. invited C. invite D. would have invited 9. It‘s necessary for her _____ back home before 10 p.m. A. coming B. come C. came D. to come 10. They would _____ go to Ho Chi Minh City by plane than travel by train. A. like B. rather C. prefer D. better 8.2. Rewrite the sentences without changing their meanings. 1. This city is inaccessible in winter due to heavy snow. Heavy snow makes _________________________________________. 2. It rained heavily, so we didn‘t go camping. Had it not _________________________________________________. 3. I haven‘t been to this place before. This is the first time _________________________________________. 4. The last time I went camping was when I was in Hue city. I haven‘t ___________________________________________________. 5. The weather was so awful that I couldn‘t go swimming. It was _____________________________________________________. 6. Immediately after her arrival, it rained heavily. No sooner _________________________________________________. 7. Even though he was ill, he went to school. Despite ____________________________________________________. 8. The man tried to escape but the police stopped him. The police prevented _________________________________________. 9. ―Would you like to come to my party tomorrow?‖ Nam invited me. Nam _______________________________________________________. 10. This is the last time I go to that country. I certainly ___________________________________________________. 8.3. Choose the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions 1. Recently, (A) the island of Hawaii (B) had been the subject of (C) intensive research (D) on the occurrence of earthquakes. 2. We (A) will be cycled to (B) their village (C) at this time (D) next Sunday. 3. (A) Did he (B) go to the pop concert next (C) weekend for (D) a change? 10
4. (A) A tourist asked (B) how far (C) was it from Ho Chi Minh City (D) to Hanoi. 5. We (A) are not (B) allowed to (C) cycling in the park, (D) are we? 6. She (A) was seen (B) go to the beach (C) with some (D) other people. 7. He (A) is moving to Lang Son City, (B) that is (C) in the north-east (D) of Vietnam. 8. Maryland, (A) even though a southern state, (B) remained (C) loyalty to The Union (D) during the Civil War. 9. Mrs. Steven, (A) along with her cousins (B) from New Mexico, (C) are planning (D) to attend the festivities. 10. The museum (A) contains sixth century sculptures, (B) eighteenth century swords and (C) the dress worn by nineteenth century (D) royal family. 8.4. Read the passage and answer these questions Stonehenge Monument Stonehenge is an ancient monument situated about ten miles north of Salisbury in England. It was built about 4500 years ago, but by whom and for what purpose remains a mystery. The builders must have known of geometry. They may have been influenced by the Mycenaeans, whose architecture was similar. Some of the stones must have been brought from West Wales, over 135 miles away. These stones weigh more than fifty tons. They may have been brought on rafts and rollers. Experts say that it must have taken 1500 men more than five years to transport them. Stonehenge was probably built in three stages. First, settlers from continental Europe built a temple for sun worship. Later the "Beaker" people added the stone circles. Finally, people of the Wesse Culture transformed Stonehenge into an observatory. They could calculate the exact time of Midsummer and Midwinter and of equinoxes. Questions: Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D 1. We understand from the passage that the construction of the Stonehenge A) began 135 miles away from Salisbury. B) is thought to have taken place in more than one stage. C) was first documented by the Mycenaeans. D) is not a mystery that needs to be solved. E) was completed in less than five years. 11
2. It is pointed out in the reading that the Stonehenge A) was built by the Mycenaeans, who were very advanced in geometry. B) probably has religious origins, possibly for worship of the sun. C) had no astrological purposes. D) was erected thousands of years ago in West Wales. E) is still used to calculate the changes of the seasons. 3. According to the passage, there is no certainty about A) where the Stonehenge was built. B) what kind of stones were used in the construction of the Stonehenge. C) how to calculate the exact time of Midsummer and Midwinter and of equinoxes. D) how the stones used in the construction of the Stonehenge were transported. E) whether some of the stones are in position to reflect the movements of the sun and the moon. 8.5. Read the passage and answer these questions The Statue of Liberty Finally, on August 5th, 1884, workers began building the Statue of Liberty’s pedestal, or foundation, on a small island in New York Harbor. The statue is made of a covering of pure copper, put on a ____(1) (originally puddled iron) with the exception of the flame of the torch, which is coated in gold leaf (originally made of copper and later altered to hold glass panes). It ____(2) stonework pedestal with a foundation in the shape of an irregular eleven-pointed star. The statue is 151 ft (46 m) tall, ____(3) and foundation, it is 305 ft (93 m) tall. She was a gift from the people of France to the ____(4) 100th anniversary of America’s independence from Great Britain. She was sculpted by Frederic Bartholdi. Barry Moreno wrote The Statue of Liberty Encyclopedia. He says Frederic Bartholdi chose the place where the statue was placed. “And while entering the harbor by ship he saw a small island called Bedloe’s Island. And he saw Manhattan, and he was ____(5) vistas, and he was aware that New York was the pre-eminent harbor. So he selected ____(6) Statue of Liberty for that reason. He realized his statue would have a greater impact in the busiest harbor.” It took more than two years to complete the pedestal and statue on the island. The Statue of Liberty was dedicated by President Grover Cleveland on October 28th, 1886. Millions of ____(7) immigration stations on Ellis Island - 12
near Bedloe’s Island - came to see the Statue of Liberty as a symbol of their new lives in America. Question: Seven parts of sentences have been removed from this article about the Statue of Liberty. For each space in the text, write the letter of the extract that should go there. There is one extra removed part that does not belong to the text. A - United States to mark the B - is on a rectangular C - passengers heading for the D - New York as the site of the E - framework of steel F - the best location G - but with the pedestal H - struck by the magnificent 8.6. Practise the following conversations Conversation 1 Guide: It‘s about a three-minute ride up to the top of the mountain. As we pass the two towers, the gondola may sway a little. Tourist 1: This thing is safe, right? Guide: Yes, you don‘t have anything to worry about. We do about 100 trips a day up the mountain, and these tours have been going on for over ten years without any accidents. Keep your eyes open for wildlife as we ascend. It isn‘t uncommon to see deer and even bears. Tourist 2: What‘s that mountain to the left called? Guide: That‘s Mount Karen. And to the right of that with the three small points is Mount Brown. Now, if you look up straight ahead, you should be able to see a large eagle‘s nest. Does everyone see it there? Tourist 1: Are there any baby birds? Guide: That‘s a good question. I haven‘t seen any yet, but we usually see them around this time of year. Tourist 2: What‘s that lake down there, to the right of the green meadow? Guide: I‘m glad you asked. That‘s John Lake. It‘s actually a man-made pond that was built as part of a conservation effort over twenty years ago. During the 70‘s there was a lot of clear-cutting of forests in the area, and much of the wildlife was lost. Since John Lake was built, ducks, swans, and geese have returned to the area. Tourist 1: Is this the highest mountain in this region? Guide: No. Actually, Mount Heather, which we will be able to see in just a minute, has the highest peak. But, this is the highest mountain for recreational purposes like skiing and guided tours. Tourist 2: Can you ski throughout the year? 13