TU UEU •, plNH CHINH sCf UEU<br />
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HOAT BdlVG CrA PHOIVG T R A O M I M H TAJV d<br />
TiNH MY THO IVHCOVG IVAM DAIJ T H ^ ' KY XX<br />
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NGUYEN PHtJC NGHlfiP'<br />
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^ My Tho, tfl nflm 1908, xufl't hi$n m^t Minh Tfin thye sy lfi cd scl kinh tfli, nOi lifin<br />
vJphong trao dfl'u tranh mfii dUpe gpi Ifi lgc, h^i hpp, diln thuytft vfl phfin phfit tfli<br />
Phong trflo Minh Tfin (Minh dflc Tfin dfin). li^u, nhfl't Ifl sfich bflo do Phan B$i Chfiu<br />
Phong trfio nfiy do Trfin Chfinh Chitfu gdi tfl nfldc ngofii v l d l tuyfin truyin cho<br />
(Gilbert Chitfu) phfit dfing. Dfiy lfi sfl ktft phong trfio.<br />
noi gifla Phong trflo Dfing Du vfl Phong Hoat dfing kinh doanh cua Khach san<br />
trao Duy Tfin, chu trUdng cfii each xa hfii, Minh Tan khfi da dang, bao gom:<br />
ehfl'n hUng dan tr\ boi dUdng dan khf vfl<br />
- Kinh doanh phong ngii va fin utfng:<br />
phfit triln cfing thUdng, cgnh tranh vdi tU<br />
ban Phfip vfl tu ban Hoa kilu nhfim dfinh Theo bfio Lue tlnh tdn vdn, ra ngfly 30-<br />
duoi thflc dan Phfip, gifinh dfic Iflp cho dfi't 1-1908 thi "gid phdng hgng nhOt trgn dim<br />
nflfic. hay 24 gid Id 1,10 dong, hgng nhat mgt<br />
budi trUa Id 0,5 dong; hgng nhi trgn dim<br />
Ve cfing thuong, T r i n Chfinh Chitfu vfi<br />
hay 24 gid Id 0,8 dong, hgng nhi mgt budi<br />
cac nhan vfit chii ehtft cua phong trfio xuc<br />
trUa Id 0,4 ddng. Trd Id du, nUdc nUa mat.<br />
tien thfinh Ifip cae cd scl kinh doanh, nhU<br />
nUde tdm sgeh se, cam dn tu y, muon dn<br />
khach san, hang xUdng, hfii bufin,...<br />
mdy cdc thi tgi minh".<br />
Luc btfy gid, tai My Tho, doi difin vfii ga<br />
- Bufin bfin tap hda:<br />
xe lfla vfi btfn tfiu lue tinh, efi Khach san<br />
Bao Luc tlnh tdn vdn, ra ngfly 4-10-<br />
Nam Ky do Huynh Dinh Diln, mot nhfin si<br />
1908, dflng quang cfio khfich sgn "eo bdn<br />
yeu nude d Go Cfing, lflm chu. D l tao dilu<br />
kien thuftn ldi eho hogt dflng cua phong trd ngon, nUdc mdm Phu Qud'e dUng ve,<br />
trfio, Huynh Dinh Diln da cho Trfin Chfinh chiiu, sdp, savon (xd bdng) vd tgp hoa".<br />
Chitfu mUdn khfich sgn nfly. Trfin Chfinh • To chflc bilu diln ca nhac tfli tii:<br />
Chieu cho doi ten thfinh "Minh Tdn khdeh Bao Luc tinh tdn van, ra ngfly 4-10-<br />
sgn", efi lflc fing trfle tiep quan ly, cfi luc'fing 1908, dfing quang cfio tai khfich san vflo<br />
giao cho Nguyen Minh Tritft (Ca Tr^n) hofic "mdi budi chiiu ta 5 gid din 10 gid, cd nhgc<br />
Nguyin Chanh Sfit quan ly. Khfich san tdi ta ca xang, hui ddng thdi ru chgp trdi".<br />
<br />
TS. Dgi hpc Tien Giang<br />
64 Rghien cflu Ljch sir, atf 11.2012<br />
<br />
Duyc bitft, hufi dfing lfi cfi dflo, thfli, ru, lyc c6 trinh d$, gifio dye hfldng v l thye<br />
chfip, trfi'i lfi nhflng di§u hfit cfi tfnh cfleh nghidp, khfing djnh vj trf kinh ttf cua giai<br />
chuc mflng. ctfp tu sfin Vi$t Nam.<br />
• Tfl vfi'n vfi thye hi§n miln phf cfic djeh Hogt d$ng kinh doanh ciia cfing ty diln<br />
vy vl phfip luflt: ra nhfl sau:<br />
Bfio Lt^c tinh tdn vdn, ra ngfiy 19-3- - Bfio Lyic tinh tdn van ra ngfly 13-3-<br />
1908, dfing "ldi Kinh cdo cda dng J. B Xudn 1908 cho bitft, vi$c dfing tiln cfic p h i n h^n<br />
yiu cdu ddng bdo cd sa chi oan ac thi gdi dflyc titfn hfinh trong n$i thfing 3 nfly;<br />
tha (thu) thudt ddu dudi cho tdi nghe rdi tdi "Thdu Ay nhiit n^i thdng ndy phdi dong cho<br />
eoi ludt cd hay khdng thi tdi se trd ldi lgi tdt. Cudi thdng thi se rao sdchU vi cd ddng<br />
cho md bii't, nhU sa oan ac thi^t, vi theo bgc. Cdi xin bgn dong bang phdi gia ldi<br />
ludt khdng cd, thi tdi si liiu edng md td eho haa, ehd khd giing tri md hU viic ed".<br />
nhd nadc ro sU oan ac dd md xin. Gdi tha • Bfio L^c tlnh tdn vdn, ra ngfly 9-4-<br />
tgi Minh Tdn khdeh sgn". 1908, nhfic lai vi^c kfiu gpi cfie eo dfing ddng<br />
Dong thdi, T r i n Chfinh Chitfu eung cho tiln ctf phfin vfl ghi thfim "Cd ddng bgc tki<br />
thflnh Iflp "Nam Ky Minh Tdn cdng nghf ddng tgi Minh Tdn khdeh sgn My Tho hodc<br />
cfi tru scr dfit tgi khfich san Minh Tfin. Dfiy Id Nam Trung khdeh sgn Sdi Gbn".<br />
Ifi cfing ty ctf phfin, cfi dilu lfi, cfi vtfn ctf - Bfio Luc tinh tdn vdn, ra thfing 6-1908,<br />
djnh (1.000 dong, tfldng dfldng 25.000 eho bitft: "Minh Tdn cdng nghi dd nhom<br />
francs) vfii 17 sang Iflp vifin, trong dfi cfi Dgi hdi hdm ngdy 31 Mai (thdng 5). Nay dd<br />
den 9 sang Ifip vifin lfi ngfldi tinh My Tho, ngp diiu li cho notaire cdu chUng, vdi ngdy<br />
bao gom Trfin Vfin Binh cl lflng LUdng Phu naa se rao vd in ra 3.000 cudn (diiu li)<br />
(nay la LUdng Hoa Lac, Chp Ggo), T r i n phdt cho cha vi cd hdn, trong chitng mgt<br />
Quan Xufin d lflng Binh Cfich (nay Ifl Tfin thdng nQa se khi (khdi) cdn^.<br />
Binh Thanh, Chp Gao), Nguyin Tfl Thflc 6<br />
- Bao Luc tinh tdn vdn, ra ngfly 17-6-<br />
lflng Dong Sdn (nay Ifl Dong Thanh, Gfi<br />
1908, dfla tin, nhfling ngfldi sfing Ifip md<br />
Cfing Tfiy), Dinh Vfln An cl lflng Binh Hfli<br />
Dgi hfii vfl Iflp vi bfing tai Minh Tfin khaeh<br />
(nay lfi Song Binh, Chp Gao), Lfi Vfin Thiln<br />
sgn, efl fing Nguyin Chfinh Chitfu Iflm Ting<br />
cl lfing Kim SOn (Chfiu Thfinh), Lfi Vfin<br />
ly, fing Nguyin Vifin Kilu lfim Chfinh hpi,<br />
Chflc cl lflng Binh Thanh Dfing (nay Ifl Long<br />
fing Trfin Quan Xufin lflm Tfl thd. Ngofli ra,<br />
Binh, Go Cfing Tfiy), Lfi Vfln Cflu cl lflng<br />
efin cLt 4 fing phfii vifin nghj sy vfi 5 fing<br />
Long Hoa (Lfldng Hoa Lgc, Chp Gao),<br />
phfii vifin thj sfl. Dai hfii d i n g y mua mfit sd<br />
Huynh Dinh Diln ti lfing Thflnh Phtf (thj xa<br />
dfi't tai lflng Dilu Hda (My Tho). Sd dtft nfiy<br />
Go Cfing).<br />
rpng hdn mfit rafiu vdi gia mSi thflde vufing<br />
Vific thfinh Iflp "Nam Ky Minh Tdn cdng lfi 1 cfie, tra t i l n m^t di xfiy dflng ed sd san<br />
nghi" nhfim muc dfch nhfl da ghi trong xufi't ngay Ifip tflc.<br />
Dilu lfi Ifl: "L Ldp lb nghi tgi NamK, Id chi. Bao Luc tinh tdn vdn, ra ngfiy 4-7-<br />
Id d^t, lb savon (xd bdng), thugc da vd pha 1908, eho bitft: "ddt dd mua gdn xong, Id<br />
ly (pha li),.,. 2. Dgy eon nit An Nam hgc gdn cdt. Dd phdi ngudi ra Tonkin (Bae l^)<br />
nghi oy", thflc chfi't Ifl nhfim canh tranh vdi md hgc edeh thac ldm hop quet cdng mUdn<br />
tu ban Phfip vfi tu ban Hoa kilu, phfit triln thdy thg. Bgc thdu vd ngdy hdm nay gdn<br />
tilu thu cfing nghifip, dflo tgo nguon nhfin 9.000 ding, cbn nhiiu vi chUa ddng bgc<br />
Ijoat dpng ciia phong teho Minh Tte...<br />
<br />
kdn thi xin rdng md dong cho mau, vi it thao vfi lfim v0 sinh xfldng san xufl't,<br />
ldu ddy cdng ty cdn ditng ldm". phdng hpc vfl nhfi d. Hpc vifin theo dgo<br />
- Bao Lue tinh tdn vdn, ra ngfly 23-7- Thifin Chfla hoflc dgo Phfit, dtfn ngfiy ll<br />
1908, dflng ldi rao cua cfing ty Ifl dfl mua dgo, dflyc nghl d l di nhfl thd hay di chfla.<br />
dfl't cua fing de Balmann g i n cfiu sfit My Mli nflm, hpc vifin dflpc nghi 30 ngfly bai<br />
Tho, ngang rap hfit Tfl Lfii vfi titfn hflnh trfldng, 15 ngfiy ttft Nguyfin dfin, 15 ngfly<br />
giai toa mfit bfing: "cut xin vi ndo cd md md l l Qutfc khfinh nfldc Phfip (14-7). Cfing ty<br />
tgi dd phdi ddi di chd khdc ddng cdng ty lo nghifim cfi'm vific trflng phgt hpc vign<br />
cdt Id ddu vd savon. Hgn ba thdng, nhU bfing efich dfinh dfip. Ntfu hpc vifin nflo vi<br />
khdng chiu ddi thi se xin phep quan md ddi phgm n$i quy thi cho dflng ngofli cda Idp,<br />
chung vdo nghia dia eua ldng". Ding thdi, roi bflo cho giflm thj dfin dtfn Ting ly dl<br />
cfing ty cung cho bitft, se nfi'u dfiu dfla, quytft djnh hlnh thflc ky lu^t.<br />
trfldc dl bfin, sau d l lfim savon; vfi bfit d i u - Bfio Lgc tinh tdn vdn, ra ngfly 20-8-<br />
tuyin efing nhfin vfii lUdng thfing 50 dong, 1908, cho bitft "nhiiu ngudi hun dd gdi dan<br />
tUdng dfldng 125 francs, eho nhflng ai bitft eho con di hgc ldm nghi savon. Hgn mgt<br />
nfi'u dfiu dfla hoflc bitft cfich Iflm savon. thdng naa Id khep sd'. Cfing ty ra btf cfio<br />
NhQng ngudi cfi p h i n hfln, mutfn cho con thu mua nguyfin lifiu: "Bon hiiu chiu mua<br />
hpc hai nghe fl'y thi gdi ddn vfl ly ljch eiia hot du du ddu vd hot bdng vdi. Lue ehdu ai<br />
dfla tre cho cfing ty. cd thi nin gdi thd din md thUdng nghi, cdn<br />
ai khdng cd thi nin trong, bo ddt ldm chi<br />
- Bao Luc tinh tdn vdn, ra ngfly 6-8-<br />
cho udng. Kiim hot vdi bay, nd cdng mgc<br />
1908, dfing ldi gpi "ddu gid mUdn trdng tre<br />
rdo ttdt cua cdng ty mdi mua vd ddp nin<br />
nhu chai".<br />
nhd lb ddu, lb savon vd nhd hgc viic". ' Bfio Lue tinh tdn vdn, ra ngfiy 3-9-<br />
- Bfio Luc tinh tdn vdn, ra ngfiy 13-8- 1908, dflng tin cong ty se "thu mua 100.000<br />
1908, loan tin cong ty da tim dUdc t h i y , trdi daa khd di ldm savon, ai cd thi dem<br />
thp lam savon vfl se nhfim hpp hoi nghi co din bdn".<br />
dfing d l dinh vific xay cfi't Io san xufi't Bfio Luc tinh tdn vdn, ra ngay 5-9-<br />
savon. Tfi'ng ly Trfin Chfinh Chitfu ra 1908, tudng thuflt vific cfing ty md hpi nghj<br />
thfing hao cho eae c l dfing, ntfu ai cfi con CO dfing. Tai hfii nghi. Ting ly Trfin Chfinh<br />
mutfn hpc nghe thi gdi con den, thdi han Chieu d l nghi chi 1.000 dong "dgng mua do<br />
hpc la 7 nflm. Cfing ty dai thp fin d, cha bin Tdy vi md bdn, nhOng Id gidy bdng,<br />
me lo phfin qufin ao, mflng men. Ntfu hpc tagng son thuy...". Sau dfi, Chfinh chu hpi<br />
gioi, hoe vien se dUpe hfldng lUdng thfing, Nguyin Vifin Kilu mdi nhiing ngUdi dU hoi<br />
con ngUdc lgi, ntfu khong sieng nfing, vfi nghi dtfn xem vific xay dflng xfldng san<br />
ky luat thi se bj tra v l gia dinh. Sau khi xufi't. TrUdc khi hfii nghj btf mge, fing Tfi'ng<br />
thfinh nghl, hpc vifin phai phuc vy cho ly tfing moi ngUdi 4 cue savon do cfing ty<br />
cfing ty trong thdi h a n 7 nfim. Trong thdi<br />
san xufl't thfl nghifim "ddng dem ve md xdi<br />
gian hgc n g h l , hpc vifin dUpc hpc ky<br />
thU, tdi xdu se dem ldi ludn ciia cdc dng<br />
thuflt, sang tfl 6 gid dtfn 10 gid, chilu tfl 2<br />
ddng trin Lue tlnh tdn vdn".<br />
gid dtfn 5 gid, thdi gian eon lgi trong ngfly<br />
- Bfio Luc tinh tdn vdn, ra ngay 10-9-<br />
thi hpc chfl Quoe ngfl, chfl Phap vfl toan.<br />
1908, dfing quang cfio trgn hai trang Idn vl<br />
Ngfiy thfl Nflm vfl Chu nhflt thi hpe the<br />
Savon hifiu Con Vjt do cfing ty sfin xufi't:<br />
66 Rghian cflu Hch ait, atf 11.8018<br />
<br />
"Tdt hdn cua eh^c (Hoa kHu) ldm, bdn thgo tdn l&m thdy, kiu Id General<br />
nhiiu: hgng nhOt, 100 kilos gid Id 20 ddng. manager d^ng bdy bii'u cde vi^c, cbn<br />
hgng nhi, 100 kilos gid Id IS ddng, hgng mudn vdn cho nhiiu naa phdi thi chitn<br />
ba, 100 kilos gid Id 10 ddng. Bdn gid ri c&i sd biin chung sd bgc minh hdn ddng<br />
ldm: hgng nhOt, m^t cyLC 200 grammes 4 bao nhiiu cho hang, kiu Id Trust<br />
chiim (4 xu), hgng nhi, m^t ci^c 3 chiim, company, thi vay cdng ddng bdng sd dd.<br />
hgng ba, mdt c^c 2 chiim". Dfing thdi, kfiu Bdy gift tht ngadi Trung Qude edng bit<br />
gpi bfl con nfin mua hflng ciia cfing ty do chudc rdi dd. Cbn ngUdi xa minh chdng<br />
ngUdi Vi$t thflnh Itfp: "bgn ddng bang phdi ph&i Id cdy dd tUifng hinh nin khdng ldm<br />
rdn gidp nhau cho nin vi^e". ehi hit, nay chung tdi quyit lac ngUdi<br />
ddng chi trong bgn ddng bdo minh md<br />
- Bfio Li^c tlnh tdn v&n, ra ngfly 22-10-<br />
kiu ggi, dng ndo, b& n&o biit viic duy tdn<br />
1908, cho bitft mfit hflng xfl bfing ciia COng<br />
thi hdy tham gia".<br />
ty Minh Tfin sfin xutft dgt chtft luyng ttft,<br />
du sflc cgnh tranh mflt hflng cflng logi do tfl • Ldi rao ciia Phgm Ngpc Tiiy, ty Hufi<br />
san ngudi Hoa sfin xufl't. Dilu nfiy giflp cho Dudng, d lflng Kim Sdn, t i n g Lyi Trudng<br />
ngudi tifiu dflng duyc hudng lyi; "TH ngdy dfing trfin L\ic tlnh tdn v&n, ra ngfly 13-2-<br />
cd savon Minh Tdn Id ra bdn gid ri, thi 1908, nhu sau; "Trong xui Nam ky ta thi tdi<br />
savon cdc Khdeh (Hoa kiiu) edng h^ gid tudng chdc viic Ida ggo Id phdn ldi thd<br />
theo, nin nay cdng ty h^ gid bdn cho cdc nhat, vi dd nhiiu m& lgi tdu cdc nUdc tM<br />
dgi ly hdn, hogc ai mua ta 100 kilos sdp Hn lui hodi, khdng khi ndo ngdt bin. Cbn ngudi<br />
cdng nhd dupe". Thanh thUdng (thUdng gia Hoa kiiu) thi<br />
Hudng ctng phong trflo Minh Tfin, d My thdi ldp ti4m n&y hdng kia trong xd ta cd<br />
Tho cfi mfit stf ngUdi hyp tfic vdi nhau thflnh trin hai tr&m cdi md mua Ida vd trS lua.<br />
lap "Minh Tdn tuc mi tdng cu^c". Dfiy Ifl Tdi thi4t ldy l&m tdi thdm m& rdi luy khdng<br />
efing ty c l phfin bufin bfin thfic gao nhfim biit Id dudng n&o vi xa ta chdng phdi Id<br />
cgnh tranh thfldng mfli vdi tU san mgi ban khdng cd ngudi khdn ngoan m& sao lgi chiu<br />
Hoa kilu vfi tu sfin Phfip trong vi^e kinh thua Slit nha o
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