SLf K I E N / B I N H LUAN<br />
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r<br />
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[Lam gi de nang cao chat lu-ang<br />
va gia tri thiiy san xuat khau?<br />
D Tran Van Dung<br />
Chu tich HDQT, TGD Cong ty Baseafood<br />
Uy vien Ban Chap hanh, Hiep hgi Che'bien va Xuat khau<br />
Thiiy san Viet Nam<br />
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Du" thao Chi/dng trinh the tha'y, eae san pham ehe'bie'n<br />
sau, gia tri gia tang (GTGT) cao<br />
Xuat khau Thiiy san giai<br />
van dang ehie'm ty trpng tha'p<br />
doan 2011-2015 va tam (ehi khoang 30%, theo sd'lieu cua<br />
nhin 2020 xac djnh: giu" VASEP). Dieu dd cd nghia, dai<br />
vu'ng nhjp dp tang tru'dng bp phan hang XK dang d dang<br />
8-10%/nam, nham dat nguyen lieu thd hoac so ehC va<br />
he qua tat ye'u la don gia XK tha'p. Ong Tran Van Dung<br />
gia trj xuat khau 6,5-6,7<br />
Danh rang viec ban san pham nao,<br />
ty USD nam 2015 va 8 ty chat lupng ra sao phu thudc vao bie'n nhiing san pham d miie sau<br />
USD nam 2020. chinh nhu eau ciia khach hang hon, chac ehan gia tri XK se eao<br />
va DN ehe bie'n phai dap iing hon va DN se cd Ipi nhieu hon.<br />
(nhieu khi hp can mua nguyen Quan trpng hon la, tang<br />
<br />
<br />
T<br />
rong hang chuc nam qua, lieu hoac san pham so ehe' de ve cudng ehe' bie'n sau san pha'm<br />
XK thiiy san ciia Viet Nam nude ehe bie'n lai, hoac ban lai eiing la dao tao, nang eao tay<br />
da lien tuc tang trudng cho khach hang khae d nudc thii nghe eho ngudi lao dpng, va<br />
vdi td'c dp dang ke. Tir gan 1,5 3), nhung ne'u tim co hdi de ehe' tir do thu nhap cnia hp ciing se<br />
ty USD nam 2000, den nam 2010<br />
gia tri XK da vupt qua 5 ty USD,<br />
dua Viet Nam vao nhdm 5 qud'c<br />
gia XK thiiy san ldn nhat the gidi.<br />
Thanh tich nay la ket qua cdng<br />
lao ddng gdp oia toan nganh, tir<br />
nhiing nd lue trong td ehiie quan<br />
ly, nudi trong, khai thac, che<br />
bie'n va tim kie'm thi trudng, de'n<br />
nhiing cd' gang khdng ngung<br />
nghi cua eae DN, doanh nhan<br />
tren thuang trudng, siie lao ddng<br />
va de sang tao khdng met mdi eiia<br />
ba eon ndng ngu dan ca nudc.<br />
Tuy nhien, nhin vao co ca'u<br />
hang thuy san XK ciia nude ta ed Che bien mu>c a Baseafood - A n h : Dung Minh<br />
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4 THUONG MAI THUY S A N / S 6 141 /THANG 9/2011<br />
SLJ KIEN / BiNH LUAN<br />
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Nam da XK 632.107 tan thanh<br />
pham thuy san eae loai, tri gia<br />
2.614.338.000 USD. Gia XK binh<br />
quan ehung cho mpi mat hang<br />
la 4,13 USD/kg. Mac dii miic gia<br />
nay khdng eho biet gi nhieu, vi<br />
cdn phu thudc vao chimg loai<br />
mat hang va nhieu ye'u to khac,<br />
nhung ciing ed the cung cap mdt<br />
phep so sanh khai quat ve mue<br />
dp gia tang gia tri san pham d<br />
eae thi trudng. Chang ban, thi<br />
trudng Nhat Ban chiem 8% td'ng<br />
thi phan, NK phan ldn la hang<br />
tinh che^ chat lupng eao, eiing<br />
chinh la noi ed gia XK binh quan<br />
San pham ghe cua Baseafood cao nha't, bang 7,4 USD/'kg. My<br />
ehie'm 13% thi phan vdi miic gia<br />
kha ban. Ben canh dd, viee gia sushi, sashimi, tam bdt, gia vi..., binh quan 6,0 USD/kg; EU - 26%<br />
tang ehe'bie'n sau, san xuat hang ty le tuang iing la 10 de'n 30%; thi phan, 3,8 VSDfkg; ASEAN<br />
GTGT de XK ehinh la chung ta cdn vdi nhdm cua, ghe, giap xac, 8% va 2,5 USD/kg; Trung Qud'c<br />
da thue hien XK lao dpng tai nhuyen the 2 manh vd, san pham - 3% va 5 USD/kg; va cae thi<br />
chd, thay vi dua ngudi lao ddng tinh ehe ciing mang lai GTGT 10- trudng khac 30% thi phan vdi gia<br />
ra nudc ngoai de lam ciing ehinh 20 %. Ddi vdi cae nhdm hang khd, trung binh 2,8 USD/kg.<br />
nhiing cdng viec a'y. nudng, xdng khdi, ddng hop, ty Nhu da ndi d tren, viec che'<br />
Ddng thdi, kim ngach XK oia le gia tang gia tri udc eiing nam bie'n, mua ban san pha'm la do<br />
DN se khdng dimg lai d eae eon trong khoang tii 10 den 20%. DN va khach hang quyet dinh,<br />
so nhu da neu tren ma cd the Theo thd'ng ke ciia VASEP, nhung ehinh phii va nganh thiiy<br />
tang them 20, 30, 40 %, tham chi trong 6 thang dau nam 2011, Viet san van cd the dua ra nhiing<br />
cdn eao hon niia, ne'u miic dp<br />
tinh che' eao hon. Dieu dd dupc<br />
minh hpa trong nhiing ket qua<br />
ma cae san pham ehe'bien dang<br />
mang l^i trong gia tri XK ndi<br />
ehung hi$n nay ciiata.<br />
Trong cae mat hang ddng<br />
lanh, san pham tdm tinh che'<br />
(nobashi, tam bpt, lupe nguyen<br />
con, sushi, sashimi,...) mang de'n<br />
ty le gia tri gia tang 20-40% so<br />
vdi XK thd; cae san pham ea bao<br />
bpt, fillet tam bpt, sushi, sashimi<br />
dem l?i gia tri gia tang 10-30%;<br />
nhuyin the cac loai (mue, b^ch<br />
tupc,...) cat lupc, nang trai thdng. San phim tom hum cua Baseafood<br />
<br />
THUONG UM THUY SAN / S 6 141 / THANG 9/2011 5<br />
sa KIEN / BiNH LUAN<br />
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chu truong, chinh sach quan ly trinh dp oia dpi ngii quan ly, ddng, tuyen truyen quang ba, tap<br />
phii hpp, sao cho tai nguyen eiia ehe'bie'n thuy san Viet Nam da huaii, tao dieu kien thuan Ipi cho<br />
ehiing ta phai dupc nang cao gia dupe cap nhat, huaii luyen bai cac DN ed quyet tam trien khai.<br />
tri trudc khi XK. Viee nay nam ban. Viet Nam da cd he thd'ng Thue hien viec tang ty trpng<br />
trong tam tay ehiing ta, khdng nha may ehe'bie'n thuy san hien san pha'm GTGT trong hang<br />
phu thupe ye'u td' ben ngoai dai, dat cac tieu chuan chat thiiy san XK se la giai phap ti'ch<br />
nao. Mdt nudc gan Viet Nam la lupng va VSATTP tien tien nhu cue de tang them nguon thu<br />
Inddnexia da cd ehinh sach cam HACCP, BRC, ISO,... vdi 380 nha ngoai te eho qud'c gia, khi gia tii<br />
XK nguyen lieu, thiiy san budc may dupc cap ma so' XK vao thuy san XK khdng dimg lai 6<br />
phai qua ehe'bie'n mdi dupe XK. thi trudng EU. Day la nen tang eon sd' 5-6 ty USD/nam. Cae mat<br />
Can dua ra nhiing quy dinh rat CO ban de lam ra nhiing san hang thiiy san Viet Nam ciing se<br />
cu the ve chat lupng, gia tri pham thiiy san eao cap, phii hpp cd chd diing viing chac hon tien<br />
san pha'm thuy san XK. Chang vdi tieu chuan tieu dimg the'gidi. thi trudng qud'c te^ Ipi nhuan cua<br />
ban, ed the quy dinh chi nhirng Do vay, eae DN che'bien thuy DN ciing tang them. Va mpt he<br />
mat hang nao dupc XK d dang san XK nen cd ke'hoach, chuong qua cue ky quan trpng niia la<br />
nguyen lieu, xuat thd (nhu ea tririh. Id trinh cu the ehuyen dd'i, chat lupng lao dpng eua ehiing ta<br />
ngir, cac loai hai san tuoi sd'ng,...), nang eao ty trpng eae mat hang se dupe nang len, thu nhap oia<br />
mat hang nao phai qua ehe'bie'n. ed GTGT eao. Viec nay ne'u dupe ngudi lao ddng eao hon, cdng<br />
O miie dp cao hon, cd the ehii truang va hd trp tir phia viec lam dn dinh, tir dd DN se<br />
nghien eiiu ap dung ehe' dp gia Nha nude, nhu hd trp lai suat thu hiit dupc lue lupng lao dpng<br />
san XK eho timg nhdm mat hang trong dau tu ddi mdi may mdc tay nghe cao, khdng lam vao tinh<br />
ma cae DN phai tuan thii (nhu thiet bi ehe'bie'n, hd trp iing dung trang thie'u hay lao dpng bd viec<br />
gia san phile ea tra da lam dupe KHCN, huan luyen (nhu da hd nhu hien nay. Nhiing ye'u to'do se<br />
trong thdi gian qua). Ngoai ra, trp eho cac co sd trie'n khai ap mang lai nhieu dieu kien thuan<br />
khuye'n khich DN ehe bie'n eae dung cac quy trinh HACCP, san Ipi hon cho nganh ehe'bie'n thuy<br />
mat hang chat lupng eao, hang xuat sach ban, BRC,...), thi muc san Viet Nam trong tuang lai. •<br />
GTGT bang nhiing uu dai ve thue tieu tang thu ngoai te se mang lai T.V.D.<br />
(mien, giam, gian,...) va ed eae hieu qua tich cue hon. Cae hiep (Bdn tin Nong nghiep Thf truong<br />
bien phap hd trp thiet thue khae. hdi nganh hang (nhu VASEP) SO 721812011, So NN&PTNT<br />
Phai ndi them rang, hien nay ciing can ed nhiing giai phap van Bd Ria - Vung Tdu)<br />
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