Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 7: The skeleton (part c)

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Bones of the limbs and their girdles are collectively called the appendicular skeleton because they are appended to the axial skeleton that forms the longitudinal axis of the body. Chapter 7 - The skeleton (part c) provides knowledge of appendicular skeleton.

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Nội dung Text: Lecture Human anatomy and physiology - Chapter 7: The skeleton (part c)

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Janice Meeking, Mount Royal College CHAPTER 7 The Skeleton: Part C Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Appendicular Skeleton • Bones of the limbs and their girdles • Pectoral girdle attaches the upper limbs to the body trunk • Pelvic girdle secures the lower limbs Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Pectoral Girdle (Shoulder Girdle) • Clavicles and the scapulae • Attach the upper limbs to the axial skeleton • Provide attachment sites for muscles that move the upper limbs PLAY A&P Flix™: Bones of the pectoral girdle Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Acromio- clavicular Clavicle joint Scapula (a) Articulated pectoral girdle Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.24a
Clavicles (Collarbones) • Flattened acromial (lateral) end articulates with the scapula • Cone-shaped sternal (medial) end articulates with the sternum • Act as braces to hold the scapulae and arms out laterally Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Sternal (medial) end Posterior Anterior Acromial (lateral) end (b) Right clavicle, superior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.24b
Scapulae (Shoulder Blades) • Situated on the dorsal surface of rib cage, between ribs 2 and 7 • Flat and triangular, with three borders and three angles • Seven large fossae, named according to location Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Acromion Suprascapular notch Superior border Coracoid Superior process angle Glenoid cavity Subscapular Lateral border fossa Medial border Inferior angle (a) Right scapula, anterior aspect Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.25a
Suprascapular notch Coracoid process Superior angle Acromion Supraspinous fossa Glenoid cavity Spine at lateral Infraspinous angle fossa Medial border Lateral border (b) Right scapula, posterior aspect Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.25b
Supraspinous fossa Supraglenoid Acromion tubercle Coracoid process Spine Glenoid Supraspinous cavity fossa Infraglenoid Infraspinous fossa tubercle Infraspinous Subscapular Subscapular fossa fossa fossa Posterior Anterior (c) Right scapula, lateral aspect Inferior angle Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.25c
The Upper Limb • 30 bones form the skeletal framework of each upper limb • Arm • Humerus • Forearm • Radius and ulna • Hand • 8 carpal bones in the wrist • 5 metacarpal bones in the palm • 14 phalanges in the fingers Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Humerus • Largest, longest bone of upper limb • Articulates superiorly with glenoid cavity of scapula • Articulates inferiorly with radius and ulna Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Greater Head of tubercle humerus Lesser Anatomical tubercle neck Inter- tubercular sulcus Deltoid tuberosity Lateral supracondylar Coronoid ridge fossa Radial Medial fossa epicondyle Capitulum Trochlea (a) Anterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.26a
Bones of the Forearm • Ulna • Medial bone in forearm • Forms the major portion of the elbow joint with the humerus • Radius • Lateral bone in forearm • Head articulates with capitulum of humerus and with radial notch of ulna • Interosseous membrane connects the radius and ulna along their entire length Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Radial Olecranon notch of process the ulna Trochlear Head notch Coronoid Head of Neck process radius Radial Neck of Proximal tuberosity radius radioulnar joint Interosseous membrane Ulna Radius Ulnar notch Radius of the radius Head of ulna Styloid Styloid process of ulna process Distal radioulnar Styloid process of radius joint of radius (a) Anterior view (b) Posterior view Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.27a-b
Olecranon process View Trochlear notch Coronoid process Radial notch (c) Proximal portion of ulna, lateral view Ulnar notch of radius Articulation for lunate Articulation for scaphoid Styloid process View Head Styloid of ulna process (d) Distal ends of the radius and ulna at the wrist Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.27c-d
Humerus Coronoid fossa Capitulum Medial epicondyle Head of Trochlea radius Coronoid Radial process of tuberosity ulna Radius Radial notch Ulna (c) Anterior view at the elbow region Humerus Olecranon fossa Olecranon Lateral process epicondyle Medial epicondyle Head Ulna Neck Radius (d) Posterior view of extended elbow Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.26c-d
Hand: Carpus • Eight bones in two rows • Proximal row • Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform proximally • Distal row • Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate distally • Only scaphoid and lunate articulate with radius to form wrist joint Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Hand: Metacarpus and Phalanges • Metacarpus • Five metacarpal bones (#1 to #5) form the palm • Phalanges • Each finger (digit), except the thumb, has three phalanges—distal, middle, and proximal • Fingers are numbered 1–5, beginning with the thumb (pollex) • Thumb has no middle phalanx Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.
Phalanges • Distal • Middle • Proximal Metacarpals • Head • Shaft Sesamoid • Base bones Carpals Carpals Carpals • Hamate • Trapezium • Trapezium • Trapezoid • Trapezoid • Capitate • Pisiform • Scaphoid • Scaphoid • Triquetrum Radius • Lunate Ulna Radius (a) Anterior view of left hand (b) Posterior view of left hand Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 7.28a-b