Một số nhiệm vụ trọng tâm phát triển công nghiệp môi trường Việt Nam

TUT<br /> J u l oat dong cua nganh - ITnh vifc<br /> <br /> <br /> Mot so nhiem vu trong tam<br /> ph^t trien cong nghiep moi truong Viet Nam<br /> O TS. HOANG MINH HANH<br /> Bp Cdng thUdng<br /> <br /> <br /> Cung vdi qua trinh phat trien<br /> cua men kinh te, cac hoat dong ve<br /> bao ve moi trydng nliuTthu gom,<br /> xd' ly chat thai, nufdc thai, tai che<br /> phe lieu, dich vu moi trifdng tU'<br /> van va danh gia moi trydng, san<br /> xuat sach hdn, tiet kiem nang<br /> lUdng... ngay cang gia tang, vCfa<br /> gdp phan ngan ngda, han cheva<br /> khac phuc 6 nhiem moi trifdng,<br /> vda ddng gop vao gia tri san xuat<br /> cua nen kinh te.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> C<br /> dng nghiep Mdi trudng la mpt Qua trinh thuc hien cdng nghiep nhau. Hien tai, Viet Nam cung chua<br /> nganh cdng nghiep dac thu, hda da't nude tai Viet Nam lam cho ed mpt bao cao danh gia day du,<br /> khdng chi ddng vai trd quan nhu cau va nhdng van de mdi trudng mang tam qudc gia lien quan den<br /> trpng trong co cau eae nganh edng ngay cang gia tang. Ngoai ra, eac qui thuc trang, phat trien cdng nghe mdi<br /> nghiep va djch vu, ddng gdp vao su djnh va chfnh sach mdi trudng cua trudng tai Viet Nam..<br /> tang trudng GDP eua moi qudc gia, Viet Nam dang dan dupc hoan thien, Trong de an "Dieu tra hien trang<br /> ma cdn ddng vai trd quyet djnh trong tao CO sd cho viec thuc day cung cau edng nghiep mdi trudng, de xuat giai<br /> viee hd trp cac doanh nghiep dam thj trudng cua nganh. Ben canh dd, phap nham phat trien nganh edng<br /> bao dap dng eac yeu eau bao ve mdi hpi nhap kinh te qudc te vda tao ap nghiep mdi trudng Viet Nam" mdi day<br /> trudng trong san xuat edng nghiep, lire, nhung cung la co hpi cho phat dupc Bp Cdng Thuong trien khai da<br /> djch vu va sinh hoat. Vdi sir phat trien trien, md rpng thj trudng va tiep thu ed djp de dieu tra, khao sat, tap hpp<br /> nhanh, tao ra nhieu thanh qua cua edng nghe mdi. ap luc xa hpi trong va phan tfch sd lieu, cung cap cai<br /> cac nganh khoa hpe co ban va khoa nudc va qudc te ddi vdi van de d nhin tdng the ve cdng nghe xd ly chat<br /> hpc dng dung trong nhdng thap nien nhiim mdi trudng, bien ddi khi hau thai cua Viet Nam, eu the nhu sau:<br /> qua, hang loat cdng nghe sach, cdng toan cau dang bupc cac doanh<br /> Ve loai hinh: Cdng nghe xir ly<br /> nghe than thien mdi trudng trong ta't nghiep phai thay ddi hanh vi san xua't chat thai cua Viet Nam tu thiet ke va<br /> ca cac ITnh vuc edng nghiep da ra ddi, theo hudng than thien vdi mdi trudng. che tao da tuong ddi du cac loai hinh<br /> gdp phan lam giam thieu cac tac Thuc te hoat dpng edng nghe cd tfnh phd bien de xd ly chat thai ran,<br /> ddng den mdi trudng, bao ve mdi mdi trudng cua Viet Nam phat trien nudc thai va khf thai.<br /> trudng va phat trien ben vdng. manh mun, rai rac vdi mdc dp khae Ve trinh do cdng nghe: Dap Ung<br /> <br /> <br /> Tai nguyen va Moi traong I Ky 1 - Thang 9/2010<br /> tieu chuan mdi trudng Viet Nam; dat cung thi ed, nhung ehua cd san pham nghiep mdi trudng; xay dung co che,<br /> trinh do trung binh cua the gidi, ea edng nghiep va thuang hieu de ban. chfnh sach khuyen khfch dau tu phat<br /> biet cd cdng nghe xd ly rac thai dd thj Mat khac, ehua ed nhieu cac nha tu trien nganh Cdng nghiep Mdi trudng;<br /> Seraphin hay ASC cdn cd hieu qua ban dau tu san xuat kinh doanh ve eo ban hinh thanh va bude dau phat<br /> xd ly tdt hon cdng nghe eua nudc thiet bj edng nghe xd ly d nhiem mdi trie'n nganh Cdng nghiep Mdi trudng<br /> ngoai. trudng. Dpi ngu cac nha khoa hpc va vdi CO cau td chdc gdm cac mang:<br /> edng nghe mdi trudng cdn yeu va quan ly, nghien cdu, san xuat va djch<br /> Ve van hanh va bao dudng: Dap<br /> thieu, dac biet la chuyen gia d dp tudi vu. Den nam 2015, dap dng co ban<br /> Ung yeu cau Viet Nam tu van hanh va<br /> sung sdc 30-50. Hon nda, che tai nhu eau edng nghe, thiet bj va djch vu<br /> bao dudng, ke ca edng nghe eua<br /> chuyen giao cdng nghe mdi da bao ve mdi trudng, sd dung ben vdng<br /> nudc ngoai ap dung d Viet Nam.<br /> nghien edu thanh edng td ca nhan tai nguyen thien nhien trong nhdng<br /> Ve gia; Tdi da chi bang tir 1/2 hoac don vj nghien edu, tu van, cho<br /> ITnh vuc khdng ddi hdi cdng nghe eao<br /> den 2/3 gia cdng nghe nhap ngoai. cac nha san xuat kinh doanh cdng (quan ly chat thai sinh hoat, xd ly bui,<br /> Ve tinh trang san xuat thiet bi, nghe mdi trudng ehua hoan thien. chat thai ran va nudc thai edng<br /> cong nghe: Cdn d tinh trang ddn nghiep va thuc day san xuat sach<br /> Td ket qua dieu tra tren, de an<br /> chiec, chua cd dugc cdng nghe san hon, tiet kiem nang lupng, tai<br /> phat trien nganh Cdng nghiep Mdi<br /> xuat che tao hang loat hay quy md nguyen); tiep can, ap dung cac cdng<br /> trudng Viet Nam dua ra muc tieu phat<br /> cdng nghiep; phan Idn la do cac vien, nghe eao trong bao ve mdi trudng.<br /> trien nganh Cdng nghiep Mdi trudng<br /> cac trung tam, cac cdng ty tu van<br /> thanh mpt nganh kinh te mui nhpn, Tiep tue hoan thien co che, chfnh<br /> thiet ke che tao theo cac hgp ddng cu<br /> nham cung cap eac djch vu, cdng sach day manh phat trien cac doanh<br /> the, chua cd cac hang san xuat<br /> nghiep edng nghiep mdi trudng. Den<br /> chuyen nghiep, chua cd nhieu nghe, thiet bj mdi trudng, co ban dap<br /> nam 2020, nganh Cdng nghiep Mdi<br /> thUdng hieu cdng nghe mdi trudng dng nhu cau bao ve mdi trudng trong<br /> nudc; tao budc chuyen bien, vdng trudng trd thanh mpt nganh kinh te<br /> Viet Nam.<br /> chac va toan dien trong cdng tac bao mui nhpn, dap dng nhu cau bao ve<br /> Dieu tra cung cho tha'y nhdng<br /> mdi trudng trong nudc, tao budc<br /> trd ngai chinh cua viec phat trien cdng ve mdi trudng, td dd ehu dpng han<br /> chuyen bie'n vdng chac va toan dien<br /> nghiep mdi trudng la chua hinh thanh che mdc dp gia tang d nhiem, kiem<br /> trong cdng tac bao ve mdi trudng,<br /> thj trudng cdng nghe mdi trudng npi soat va cai thien chat lupng mdi<br /> cung cap dupe cae cdng nghe thiet bj,<br /> dja. Bdi nhu cau thi cd, nhung de thuc trudng; giai quyet tinh trang suy thoai<br /> djch vu d trinh dp eao so vdi cae nude<br /> hien nhu cau can phai cd vdn. Vdn mdi trudng.<br /> trong khu vuc, phu hpp vdi tien trinh<br /> dau tu cho ITnh vuc mdi trudng cua Cu the, den nam 2010, hoan<br /> cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat<br /> nude ta cdn rat han che. Kha nang thien qui hoach phat trien cdng<br /> nude.<br /> Vdi nhdng mue tieu nhu vay<br /> nganh Cdng nghiep Mdi trudng Viet<br /> Nam can tap trung vao mpt sd nhdng<br /> nhiem vu chu yeu: kien toan he thdng<br /> td chdc va nang cao nang lire cua cac<br /> CO quan dau mdi quan ly mdi trudng<br /> cac cap; Kien toan he thdng td chdc<br /> va nang cao nang luc cua cae co<br /> quan nghien cdu (nghien cdu ve cdng<br /> nghe, thiet ke che tao thiet bj; nghien<br /> cdu chien lupc, chfnh sach) phat trien<br /> nganh Cdng nghiep Mdi trudng; kien<br /> toan he thdng td chdc va nang cao<br /> nang luc cua cac co quan tu van, djch<br /> <br /> Toi nguyen v o Moi truong Ky 1 - Thang 9/2010<br /> vu, chuyen giao cdng nghe mdi cua cac eo quan quan ly va sd dung xd ly chat thai ddi hdi ky thuat cao<br /> trudng. tai nguyen: He thdng xd ly va cung (nhu thiet bj xd ly chat thai nguy<br /> Trong viee kien loan td chdc, eae cap nudc sach; He thdng thu gom, tai hai...); thie't ke, che tao thiet bjxdiy<br /> ITnh vi/c dupc uu tien nhu: djch vu che cae san pham phu, cac san pham chat thai ran sinh hoat va cdng<br /> phan tfch, thd nghiem mdi trudng; da qua sd dung; He thdng cung cap nghiep: thu gom, van chuyen, phan<br /> Djch vu tu van, danh gia, tham djnh, eae loai thiet bj nang lupng mdi, nang loai, Id dd't; thiet ke, che tao thiet bj,<br /> quan ly du an, quan trac, cap phep lupng tai tao: tram dien/pin mat trdi, dung cu lay miu, bao quan va phan<br /> mdi trudng; Djch vu thu gom, xd ly tram dien sdc gid, thuy dien nhd, dja tich mdi trudng.<br /> nudc thai sinh hoat; Djch vu thiet ke, nhiet; He thdng cung cap eac san Ben canh dd, tdng bude hoan<br /> che tao, xay dung, van hanh he thd'ng pham cdng nghe va djch vu than mdi thien he thdng van ban qui pham<br /> xd ly nudc thai sinh hoat, nude thai trudng. phap luat ve vao ve mdi trudng (van<br /> edng nghiep, xd ly bui va khf thai cdng Dau tu phat trien nganh Cdng ban hudng dan, cac tieu chuan moi<br /> nghiep; Djch vu thu gom, xd ly, chdn nghiep Che tao thiet bj mdi trudng, trudng, qui che bao ve mdi trudng...);<br /> lap, tai che chat thai cdng nghiep va nhu: Thiet ke, che tao thiet bj xd ly tang cudng cdng tac thdng tin tuyen<br /> chat thai nguy hai; Djch vu tap huan, nude thai (sinh hoat va edng nghiep); truyen, nang cao nhan thdc va dao<br /> dao tao van hanh thiet bj, quan ly tai thiet ke, che tao thiet bj xd ly khi thai tao ngudn nhan lire bao ve mdi<br /> nguyen, mdi trudng, ap dung SXSH... trudng va xay dung chien lupc, qui<br /> (thiet bj phun suong, thu bui tui vai,<br /> Ben canh dd, can kien toan he tinh dien...). Tiep nhan chuyen giao, hoach tdng the phat trien nganh Cdng<br /> thdng td chdc va nang eao nang lire lam chu va tien tdi che tao cac thiet bj nghiep Mdi trudng Viet Nam.B<br /> <br /> quy luat tu nhien, quan ly cdn yeu phuc hau qua thien tai, dng phd va<br /> NGANH NONG NGHIEP...<br /> kem, kiem soat ve tai nguyen, mdi giam nhe tac ddng tieu cue do BDKH;<br /> (Tiep theo trang 19)<br /> trudng cpng vdi sdc ep ve dan sd... Dao tao ngudn nhan lire, phat trien<br /> ndng thdn trong bdi canh bj tac ddng lam tang nguy co mat an toan khi ed khoa hpc cdng nghe trong phdng<br /> bdi BDKH. Trong dd chu trpng den: thien tai, anh hudng Idn de'n phat trien tranh, khac phuc hau qua thien tai,<br /> Dam bao d'n djnh, an toan dan cu cho ben vdng.va pha huy mdi trudng. dng phd va giam nhe tac dpng tieu<br /> cae thanh phd, cac vung, mien, dac cue do BDKH; Tiep tue ldng ghep yeu<br /> Trong bdi canh hien nay khoa<br /> biet la vung ddng bang sdng Cdu td phdng tranh, khac phuc hau qua<br /> hpe, edng nghe tien tien tren the gidi<br /> Long, ddng bang Bac bp, mien Trung, thien tai, dng phd va giam nhe tac<br /> dang phat trien, nhieu kinh nghiem cd<br /> mien nui; dam bao san xuat ndng dpng tieu cue do BDKH vao cac chien<br /> the chuyen giao thdng qua hpp tac ve<br /> nghiep dn djnh, an ninh luong thuc; lupc, chuang trinh, quy hoach, ke<br /> thfch dng va giam thieu vdi BDKH.<br /> dam bao 3,8 trieu ha canh tac Ida hai hoach phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, phat<br /> Lien hiep qude, eae nudc va cac td<br /> vu; dam bao an toan he thdng de<br /> chdc tren the gidi dang coi cdng tac trien nganh, vung mien va dja<br /> dieu, eac cdng trinh dan sinh, ha tang<br /> thfch dng va giam thieu vdi BDKH la phuang; De nghj 30% kinh phi cho<br /> kinh te ky thuat, dap dng yeu eau<br /> nhiem vu uu tien, cd tfnh toan eau, chuong trinh BDKH gianh cho phdng<br /> phdng tranh va giam nhe thien tai.<br /> sdng cdn cua nhan loai. De trien khai tranh giam nhe thien tai; Day manh<br /> Thien tai va su dien bien that thudng<br /> tdt edng tac thfch dng vdi BDKH, viec xay dung nang cap he thdng ho<br /> ve thdi tiet, khf hau, thien tai tang<br /> phdng chdng va giam nhe thien tai da chda, he thdng de bien, de sdng gan<br /> them do tac dpng cua BDKH se gia<br /> de ra, trong thdi gian tdi can tiep tuc vdi bao tdn va phat trien rdng ngap<br /> tang va rat khd ludng, cung nhu qua<br /> tang cudng thuc hien eac npi dung man de phdng tranh tac dpng ciia<br /> trinh CNH - HDH dang diin ra nhanh<br /> chfnh sau: nudc bien dang, xam nhap man; Tiep<br /> chdng tren mpi mien dat nudc, tao ra<br /> Tang kinh phf dau tu cho cdng tue ra soat quy hoach, xay dung eac<br /> su phat trien toan dien, nhung lam gia<br /> tang tham hpa trude thien tai. Mat tac phdng tranh, giam nhe thien tai, cdng trinh tieu ung, ha tang giao<br /> khac, su khai thac, tac dpng cua con thfch dng vdi BDKH; Tang cudng hpp thdng, phdng chdng lut bao, di dan,<br /> ngudi khdng tuan thu nghiem theo tac qudc te ve phdng tranh, khac tai djnh cu phu hpp.•<br /> <br /> <br /> Tai nguyen v a Moi traong | Ky 1 • Thang 9/2010<br />