Nghiên cứu khoa học xã hội về HIV/AIDS trong hợp tác STAR: Một số kết quả bước đầu

Nghien ciru<br /> Gia dinh vi Gidi<br /> So 6 -2012<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Nghien ciifu itlioa lipc xa liol ve HIV/AIDS<br /> trong hop Mc STAR: Mgt sd Itet qua budic dau<br /> <br /> Le Minh Giang<br /> BO m6n Dich l£ hpc, Dai hoc Y Ha Nfli<br /> <br /> Nguyen Hi/u Minh<br /> Vi6n Gia dinh va Gifli<br /> <br /> Nguyin Thiiy Anh, Amy Dao<br /> B6 m6n Dich le hoc, Dai hoc Y Ha N6i<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> Trong hon ba thap ky cua dai dich HIV/AIDS, bfin canh cac nghifin ciJu<br /> y sinh hgc vd djch tfi hgc vl HIV/AIDS, cac nghifin cihi khoa hge hdnh vi<br /> va khoa hgc xa hdi cd nhilu ddng gdp ddng kl ndng cao kha nang iing phd<br /> 6 cd'p dd todn edu.<br /> Cdc nghifin cihi khoa hge xa hdi qudc tfi'trong ITnh vtrc HIV nhdn manh<br /> tam quan trong cua edch md cac cd nhSn nhin nhdn cac mdi quan he, ban<br /> dang va ihirc hanh cua hg trong vific quy djnh cac hanh vi nguy co lay<br /> nhifim HIV (Carrier, J.M. and Magana, J.R., 1991; Vance, C , 1991). Cdc<br /> nhd khoa hgc xa hdi da nhd'n manh tdm quan trgng eua bd'i canh trong dd<br /> cac dilu kifin xa hgi anh hudng, tham chf Id quyfi'l djnh cac hdnh vi nguy<br /> CO ctia mgt ca nhan. Hg nhdn manh vai trd cua cdc ye^u td xd hgi nhu su<br /> phat trien kinh te' va phdn tdng xa hdi, su bd't binh dang gidi dd'i vdi nhirng<br /> khac biet vl nguy co (Farmer, R, et al. (eds.), 1996; Sobo, E.J , 1995;<br /> Sterk, C.E., 1999). Cdc nha khoa hgc xa hgi la nhimg ngudi da tifi'n hdnh<br /> nhihig nghifin cihj tifin phong vl cae can thiep d cap do hfi thdng ddi vdi<br /> cac hdnh vi lifin quan den tinh due va tifim ehi'ch (Parker, R.G., et al.,<br /> 2000; Blankenship, K.M., et al., 2006) cung nhu dua ra cdc phfi phan dl<br /> 60 Nghign ciJru Gia dinh vA Gidi. Quyd'n 22, so 6, tr. 59-63<br /> <br /> <br /> c;ii ihifin cdc chuong trinh cham sde vd chOa trj HIV (Parker, R. and<br /> Aggleton, R, 2003; Maluwa, M., cl al., 2002; Link, B.O. and Phelan, J . C .<br /> 2006), xem xei each lifiu phdp khdng vi rut (ART) Idm thay ddi quan nifim<br /> vl IIIV/AIDS (Castro A. F.R, 2004). vd ghi nhan vai trd cua eae phong trao<br /> xa hdi tao ihuan loi cho vific tifi'p can phd cap ART (Bcrkman. A,, et al.,<br /> 2005). \lg cung nfiu bdt nhffng han chl cua cdc nghifin cffu d cdp dd ca<br /> nhan (Blankenship, K,M.. cl al.. 2006) vi\ nhdn manh mdi liln hfi gifla<br /> hdnh trinh ehua benh vd ddp ffng cua dieh vu y ic (Berkman, A . el al..<br /> 2003; Biehl, J., 2006; Kalofono.s. 1., 2006). Cac nha khoa hgc xa hdi da<br /> nghifin ciiu cdc ihl chfi vd chi'nh sach quan trgng cho \'ific hinh thdnh dac<br /> difi'm mdi iruimg .sd'ng hdng ngdy ciia ngudi nhifim hoac c6 nguy co lay<br /> nhifim (Nguyen, V.-K., 2006; liaycr. R. and Oppcnheimer. C, M.. 2000;<br /> Biehl, J., 2005; Oppenhcmicr. G. and Bj>cr. R. 2007; Pigg, S.L.. 1997).<br /> Nghifin cffu gdn day v& cdc can Ihifip edu true da md dudng dc eae nhd<br /> khoa hgc xa hdi cd the' ddng gdp mdt edch ti'ch cue htm eho vice phdt trifi'n<br /> cdc can thifip giup cai thifin dicii in. phdng chd'ng va cham s(x. ngudi cd<br /> HIV/AIDS. Tuy nhien. ndng life demg gdp vdo qud trinh .xdy diOig chinh<br /> .sdch cita cdc nhd khoa hgc xd hdi d khdp luri lien the gidi tren ihtfc tela<br /> khdng ddng deu (Carrier. J.M. and .Majjana. J.R.. 1991).<br /> <br /> O Vifit Nam. cdc nghifin cffu vl HIN' khdng ngffng lang Ifin trong bd'i<br /> canh d6i mdi eae chi'nh sdch phdng chd'ng HIV/AIDS va ede ehinh sach<br /> lifin quan. Bdng chfftig la cac nghifin cffu nhdn dugc sir quan tam vd tai u-g<br /> cua nhilu ca quan trong dd cd cac Id chffe phi chinh phii qudc le Tu\<br /> nhifin, mdt dac difi'm ndi bat Id phdn Idn ede ngudn lai trg eho nghifin cffu<br /> HIV/AIDS d Vifit Nam den iff ede nhd lai trg mang dinh hudng chucmg<br /> trinh thay vi nhihig co quan mang djnh hudng nghifin cuu. Rdt nhilu cdc<br /> nghifin cffu HIV d Vifit Nam quan tam dfi'n ede phan tich dae dilm vl hdnh<br /> vi, vd xem xui tdc ddng ctia HIV d cd'p dd cd nhan. Phdn Idn eac cdng trinh<br /> nghifin ciru dugc ihuc hifin trfin cdc qudn the' "nguy ca cao" bao gdm ngudi<br /> tifim ehi'ch ma tu^, nhdm mai ddm nu vd gdn ddy hon la nhdm nam gidi<br /> cd quan hfi linh due ddng gidi. Cae nghifin effu nay chu yfi'u xem xlt cae<br /> yfi'u id quyfi't ilinh hdnh \ i cd thi ddn dfin Idy nhifim HIV. luy nhifin ehua<br /> quan tam ddy du dfi'n cau hdi vl ede yfi'u id' mang li'nh xa hdi cd anh hudng<br /> dfi'n thuc hdnh ffng phd cung nhu su phdt triln cua dich d Vifit Nam.<br /> Trong hem 4 nam qua. vdi tdi irg ciia Td chffe Cdc Vifin Sffc khoe Qud'c<br /> gia Hoa Ky (NIH), Trudng Dai hgc Columbia, Hoa Ky da trifi'n khai<br /> chuong trinh "Tifi'p can khoa hgc xd hdi trong nghiln euu HIV/AIDS" (vifi't<br /> tdt la STAR) hgp tac vdi Dai hge Y Ha Ndi va mdt sd' co quan nghifin cffu<br /> va t6 chffe phi chi'nh phii Vifit Nam nham nang cao nang luc nghifin cuxi<br />  Le Minh G i a n g va cfic t a c gia 61<br /> <br /> <br /> khoa hgc xa hdi vl HIV/AIDS. Cdc boat ddng ciia chucmg trinh bao gdm<br /> boat ddng nghifin cthi dp dung phuong phap nghifin cffu khoa hgc xa hdi,<br /> dao tao nghifin cffu vien. td chffe cdc hdi thao vc khoa hgc xa hdi trong<br /> nghifin cffu HIV/AIDS. vd hd trg ky thudt cho irung bay "Ndi Dau va Hy<br /> Vong: 20 nam HIV/AIDS d Vifit Nam" do Trung tam Nghifin cuu vd Phat<br /> trifi'n Sffc khoe Cdng ddng (CCRD) va Bao Tdng Ddn tdc hge Vifit Nam<br /> (VME) td chffe vao thang 11/2010. Cdc bdi bao dang trong s6 tap chi nay<br /> la san phdm cita chuong trinh ddo tao cho nghifin cffu vifin giai doan II.<br /> Chuong trinh cung cdp mdt sd IKMI tang ly thuyet lifin quan dfi'n nhan hgc<br /> y tfi', khoa hoc chinh tri, cdc khia canh lich su vd dao dffc ciia y tfi' cdng<br /> cfing va nhd'n manh vdo vific chuyfi'n nhimg nghifin cffu dua trfin nin tang<br /> ly thuyfi't trd thanh nhffng ndi dung cd y nghTa ddng gdp ve chinh sdch.<br /> Ben canh muc lifiu cung cd'p kifi'n thffc, cac khda hge hudng dfi'n vific cung<br /> cdp ky nang ca ban trong \'icc phan lich cae du lifiu dinh ti'nh va vifi't bdi<br /> nghifin cffu dinh linh. Dae bifit, cdc khda hoc hudng dfi'n muc tifiu xay<br /> dung tu duy phan bifin eua nghifin cffu vifin thdng qua vific phan tich mang<br /> tinh phfi phan dd'i vdi cac phat hifin va phucmg phap, ddnh gid ve tinh chat<br /> che, mdi me vd idm quan trgng cua nghifin ciru trong ITnh vuc HIV/AIDS.<br /> Chuong trinh ddo tao cung quan tam dfi'n vific xay dung eho ede nghifin<br /> cffu vifin nhihig hifi'u bifi't co ban vfi dao dffc nghifin cffu, dac bifit khi tifi'n<br /> hanh nghien cffu trfin ddi tugng nguy co cao. Dac difi'm n6i bat ciia chuong<br /> uinh dao tao la djnh hudng nghien effu tan dung cac sd lieu da sdn cd, ngi<br /> dung ddo tao va tai lieu tham khao dugc lua chgn ky ludng dl phu hgp vdi<br /> ddi tugng hgc vien. ndi dung bao gom ca ly thuyfi't va phucmg phap, va<br /> nhan manh edch tifi'p can khoa hgc xd hdi lifin nganh trong nghifin cihi<br /> HIV/AIDS.<br /> <br /> Chuong trinh ddo tao da lua chon 15 hgc vifin trong tdng sd hon 80 ffng<br /> vien. Day la nhirng nghifin effu vien tiem nang trfin ITnh vuc nghifin cih:<br /> khoa hge xa hdi, y tfi'cdng egng hoac dang true tifi'p tham gia cae du dn<br /> can Ihifip tren ITnh vuc phdng chd'ng HIV/AIDS. Cac hgc vifin dd tham du<br /> ba khda tap hudn trong nam 2012 Idn lugt vl Iy ihuyfi't vd phuong phap<br /> khoa hgc xa hgi trong nghifin cffu HIV/AIDS, ky nang phan tieh cac sd<br /> lieu sdn cd ciia dir an. vd ky nang vifit bai bdo nghien cffu dinh ii'nh.Cae<br /> hoc vifin tifi'p can vdi bd sd lifiu do cdc nghifin cihi vifin dao tao trong giai<br /> doan I thu thdp vl eac chii de nhu nguy co Idy nhifim HIV/STIs tren nhdm<br /> nam ban dam ddng gidi, tac ddng ciia chuyfi'n ddi chi'nh sach phdng, chd'ng<br /> ma tdy vd hdu qua HIV/AIDS, va mong udc vd khai vgng sd'ng eiia nam<br /> gidi d mdt vung ndng thdn vd nguy ca lay nhifim HIV. Mgt sd hgc vifin<br /> quye't dinh sir dung sd lifiu eiia eo quan minh cd lifin quan dfi'n chu dl ciia<br />  62 NghiSn cffu Gia dinh vd Gidi. QuyS'n 22, so 6, tr. 59-63<br /> <br /> <br /> khoa hgc. Trong giai doan phdn tich vd vifi't bdi. cac hgc vifin nhdn dugc<br /> sir hudng ddn true li^p cua cdc chuyfin gia Vifit Nam gidu kinh nghifim<br /> nghifin cffu vii gjdrig day.<br /> Chuong trinh hgp tdc " lifi'p cdn khoa hgc xa hdi trong nghifin cffu<br /> HIV/AIDS" (STAR) xin chdn ihdnh cam on su ddng gdp cua cac giang<br /> viCti Vifii Nam vd chuyfin gia nudc ngodi, n6 liic cd nhan vd tap ihl ciia<br /> cdc nghifin cffu vifin trong sudt thdi gian vffa qua. 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