Ngôn ngữ đối thoại trong văn xuôi Ma Văn Kháng

80<br /> <br /> N G 6 N NGf<br /> <br /> & Bin<br /> <br /> S6NG<br /> <br /> sd 2 (244)-2016<br /> <br /> iNOONNGtrvdl VAN CHUONG |<br /> <br /> NGON NGU" DOI THOAI<br /> TRONG VAN XUOI MA VAN KHANG<br /> CONVERSATION LANGUAGE IN MA VAN KHANG'S PROSE<br /> DOAN TIEN DUNG<br /> (ThS-NCS; Tnrdng THPT Thirc hdnh Cao Nguyen, DH TSy Nguyfin)<br /> Abstract; Dialogue is an important factor in language and linguistic character ofthe<br /> work, so the communication and ideological character shown on the wording of flie<br /> conversation. Here, we present the language of dialogue format featured in Ma Van Khang<br /> prose: Conversation personalization, stripped character nature. Conversation change<br /> contextually, object interface changes entail psychological character. Dialogue between the<br /> flow of ideas, each mapped torevealconcepts, philosophies.<br /> Key words: Dialogue; Ma Van Khang prose.<br /> 1. Md dau<br /> tho^i trong van xudi cila Ma Van Khang<br /> Ngdn ngtt nhan vjit Id ldi ndi cua nhan vat<br /> 2.1. Boi thogi cd thi hda, Ift tiin bin<br /> trong tdc phdm. Ngdn ngtt nhdn v|lt la phuong chit nhan vgt<br /> ti$n phdn dnh cupc sdng, bpc 10 tinh cdch<br /> Hp thdng dl tdi sdng tdc cua Ma VSn<br /> nhan v^t "Ngfin ngft nhan vdt Id mdt trong Khdng cd sy phdn djnh tuong ddi ro rang: dl<br /> nhflng phuang di$n quan tiijng dupc nhd vdn tai cupc song cia con ngudi thuOc cpn^ ddng<br /> stt dyng nhdm till hi$n cupc sdng va cd tinh cdc ddn tOc thilu sd d miln Tdy Bic To qudc<br /> nhan vat" [4,214]. VI v$y, sy nhin nhdn mang va dl tdi cuOc sdng cua con ngudi nai flianh<br /> tinh chu quan ctta nhd vdn dupc gtti gdm vdo thi. Chinh hai nOi dung flil tdi dy da chi phdi<br /> nhdn viit cung nhu nhttng quan nipm, tu tudng nhd vdnti-ongvi$c lya chpn cdc phuong fliftc,<br /> nhdn sinh cung dupc bdc 10 qua ngdn ngtt phuang ti$n till hi?n ngdn ngtt ddi flioji. 6<br /> nhdn vilt. Ndn tdng cdu tnic cua ngdn ngtt thd tdi Ijch stt ddn tOc, sdng tdc vdn xudi ciia<br /> nhan v^t gdm cdc pham trtt ca bdn ngon ngfl Ma Vdn Khdng thdm nhuan cam hiing anh<br /> doi flioji vd ngdn ngft dOc flioai. Theo hung "diu t|ip trung vao nhflng su kien cd j<br /> Bakhtin: "Ddi tho?i la mdt phuang dipn tdn nghia quydt djnh ddi vdi ddi vdi van mfinh<br /> t?i cda con ngudi"; "Nlu mOt tdc ^ a diic dac Ijch stt ddn tOc vd qudc gia. Nhung sy kifn<br /> vdi tinh song dipu hiiu ca vd tinh ddi thoai ndi gdn lidn vdi hogt dpng cd ^ nghia to ldn ciia<br /> t?i cfla flid gidi ngdn ttt sdng ddng vd lung ddn tOc" [6,259]. Nhttng sang tdc vl dd tai<br /> linh bidn ddi thi anh ta sfi khong bao gid hilu mien nui nhu Ddng bgc tring hoa xde, Yimg<br /> dupc vd tiiyc hipn dupc nhflng khd nang vd bien di, Miia mdn hdu, Cdi mdng ngita, Ngudi<br /> nhi$m vy dich tiiyc ctta flid loai tiiu fliuylt" con trai hg Hgng.. .ctta Ma Vdn Khdng tinng<br /> [2,137]. Ddi thoai Id mOt ydu td quan trpng giai d o ^ ddu Id nhiing tdc phdm thupc did tai<br /> tirong ngdn ngfl nhdn vilt va ngdn ngtt tdc lich stt ddn tOc,tifiubidu cho ngdn ngtt tieu<br /> phdm, viflid,npi dung giao tilp vd til tudng flmydt sftfliicua dng.<br /> nhfin vat thi hi$n tifin can chtt cua cuOc tho^.<br /> Trong tiiu fliuylt Ding bgc tring hoa xde<br /> Dudi ddy, chftng tdi tilnh bdy nhttng d^uig vd Vimg biin di, ddi sdng xd hpi Id mOt biic<br /> thftc ngdn ngtt ddi thoai ddc trung trong vdn tranh loan lac tridn mifin, cdi mdm loan vdn<br /> xudi Ma Vdn Khdng.<br /> duprc nudi dudng ttt tiong dia htoh till ddt,<br /> 2. Nhttng dSc diim ciia ngdn ngii ddi qua lich sft "bdt In vd h3n loan nhdt". Dong<br /> <br /> Mi(?44)-2016<br /> <br /> NG6N NGtr & sin S6NG<br /> <br /> 81<br /> <br /> bgc Irang hoa xde Id cuOc chidn gifla mOt bfin nhat qudn vdi ngdn ngtt nhan vilt, hdn sau<br /> Id cac^ chien si cdch mang vdi mOt bfin Id tiid trong ngdn ngfl ddi thogi. Vi le dd, nhdn vat<br /> ty mien ngupe, tan qudn cua Qudc ddn dang trongtiuyOnngdn thudng cd ndt tinh cdch dn<br /> vd tay sai cfla thuc dan Phdp nhSm gidnh dinh, lap lai:<br /> chinh quyin d Ldo Cai. Vimg biin di Id cuOc<br /> -"Hdfi Vdc dd hd? Goi lao Cdu! Dd<br /> chien ddu lau ddi fliam lang md vd cflng dft dd... cdi thing dn mdy chil d cha kia, sao<br /> dpi nguy hilm gitta mdt ben la chinh quyin chua chdn?••[&,m\.<br /> non tre vdi bpn tiid phi. Dilu dd, dd tdc dOng<br /> -"Gidng Td, chdn mdy khdng nhanh<br /> sau sic din sd philn cfla moiflidnhvifin ti-ong bing vien dgn nd^ ddu! Td quay Igiphanh bo<br /> ngifc<br /> rin nhu ddng, nhu sdt qudt: Mdy bin<br /> cpng ddng. Ma Vdn Khang vilt Ding bgc<br /> trdng hoa xde va Vimg bien di sau ndm 1975 di! Viin dgn vdo ngifc ta bgt trd lgi, dgp tring<br /> nhtmg tdc phdm cfla fing van ndm trong tdm hai con mit mdy cho mdy dui mil diy' [d,64].<br /> chi phoi cila vdn hpc cdch mang vdi md hinh<br /> Ngdn ngfl ddi thoai trong truyfin ngdn Ma<br /> con nguai qudn chung, con ngudi stt thi. Do Vdn Khing nhttng ndm 80 trd lgi day cd budc<br /> dd,tirangngdn ngtt doi thoai cua hp ddu thd phdt tridn mdi. Npi dung cfla ddifliogiduoc<br /> hi^n K tudng each m^ng. Nhu vily, trong ddi md rdng ra nhidu liiih vyc, nhilu van dd cfla<br /> thoai cua nhan vdt ddu thd hi$n cupc hdnh cupc sdng. Nhdn vgt dang ndi chuypn, dang<br /> trinh den vdi cdch mang din vdi hgnh phflc lugn ban ve hanh phuc, hdn nhdn tinh yfiu,<br /> cfla mdi nhdn v^t. Tat cd hp ddu cd myc (lich tiln tai, cdi chit sy sdng,...van dl dupc ndi<br /> li tudng sdng chung: giai phdng dan tdc, gidi tdi trong ddi thoai dupc nhto d nhilu gdc do,<br /> diem nhto khdc nhau, th$m chi trdi nguac<br /> {didng ddt nude!<br /> Sang din sang tdcfliuOctilltdi flil sy, ta nhau. Theo chflng tdi, ddi thogi tiong truy$n<br /> n^in<br /> Ma Vdn Khdng la ddi thogi md: md vdn<br /> flidy thdm thia han bao gid hit cdi da doan, da<br /> su cfla cuOc sdng thudng nhdt hom nay. Dpc di, md ngudi tham gia doi thogi.<br /> : "Nhiin a, em co mdi tdc thdt tuyft<br /> tdc phdm Ma Vdn Khdng giai dopi ndy cho<br /> flidy nhd vdn it chtt y khai tiidc npi tdm nhan vdi. -Anh ndi nghe hai ghe rdng day. Nhung<br /> v§t Ddng dpc thoai chi xudt hipn khi nhd vdn em con eo cdi gi tuyft vdi nOa anh thu ndi<br /> bilu dzit suy nghi toantimhcfla nhdn vilt, difiu xem ndo? Cd cdi cdch dn mdc cua em nua.<br /> md Ma Vdn BChdng it ldm. Vi 18 dd, chflng ta Em mdc Jean cOng dfp md dl vdy Thi Mich<br /> khdng bit gdp nhan vat tu tudngtiongtinyen cOng hit y. Anh cUng thdnh thgo gidi chi em<br /> ngdn Ma Vdn Khangtiieonfit nghia: nhfin vat day nhi Cdn anh, anh dfp vi cdi gi anh biit<br /> suy nghi, C^u tranh nOi tdm dl bilu hipn tu khdng? Vi cai gi? Vi cdi thil lung to bdn. Anh<br /> ttidng, each nhin cfla nha vdn, "ngudi phdt chinh la gdc Hd Npi Ddng vi sao anh biit<br /> ngdn cho hitiidngnhd van". Dieu ndy, do ddc khdng? Sao? Vt anh dn phd vdi com ngugf<br /> [e,635].<br /> dilm till loai tdc dpng.<br /> Sau day Id ddi thogi giiia Bdo vd dng Cdt,<br /> Truyfin ngin tmdc nhung ndm 80 cfla dng<br /> thudng xuat hipn nhflng cupc ddiflioaid raise mpt ngudi thu trudng ti tipn, nhd nhen dang<br /> ndi<br /> vfi may cd gai dilm.<br /> dO vtta. NOi dung ddiflioaifliudngt|p tiimg<br /> : -"Con dugi i^ lgi nhoen nhoen: Anh<br /> xoay quanh van dd fliidt fliyc cfla dong bao<br /> dfin tpc. Ngdn ngtt dditiio?imdi chi dimg lai cd vdo ddy cd dinh sim gi khdng di em sdm<br /> fliudntiiybOc '0 i*Ong du dinh, hdnh dOng y hd cho ndo? No tdc mf vdy len vd ddnh bft<br /> kidn cfla nhan vjt, tiang ngdn ngtt nhfin vilt cd vdo cdi ciia ng, rdi phe phi: Dg thua anh<br /> cdi "rl rd, ngd ngay". Vd d ldi ddi flioai ^tatg em trong nay con tuai nguyen, chdt<br /> fliudng thilu di sy tianh lufin, bdn bac, lilt lugng qudc ti md gid cd lai rit vua phdi a"<br /> neupc 1?' ™*' ^™ ^' ^''^ '^^ " ' ' ^ ^^' [1,614].<br /> <br /> i<br /> <br /> 82<br /> <br /> N G 6 N NGf<br /> <br /> & Ddi<br /> <br /> S6NG<br /> <br /> S6 2 (244)-2016<br /> <br /> Bdng ngon ng& dam cd tinh cua nlian vat, thuOm". Nhungtiiudngthi nhan v§t ndi ngdn<br /> c&c nha van d3 d\mg len duoc nhiing b6c chSn gpn, s6 lupng tir khdng nhiSu ldm va phii hpp<br /> dung sinh d^ng, khic hpa nhQng tinh c^h vdi nhung suy nghi cOa quin chfing trong<br /> cu$c song hdng ngay. Hay ndi khdc di, ngdn<br /> dien hinh, s4c n^:<br /> : "Mpt ldn khdc dang hdnh lgc, con ngQ' Ma VSn Khdng mang phong cdch kfaAu<br /> ddm phiJi bdt thdng dan dng dimg lgi ditng ngQ rd r$t:<br /> dmg ciJi trdnh thai. Thdng ndy ndi ySn tri, yen : ^^Mdy bdo ai sdn sdn? Chi cd chd md<br /> tri. Con qi^ cdi nhdt dfnh khdng nghe. Nd sdn sdn thdi hiiu khdng? Dd mdt dgy! Mdt<br /> gdt: Cdn nhd hai ldn trudc khdng. Tdc ludi dgy thi tdi cUng Id con bdV [i,58]. Quan trpnc<br /> m$t cdi chi biet sudng minh Bi ngudi ta hon, tinh doi tiio^ trong ngdn ngii tieu thuylt<br /> nhuc nhd xin chUki cda ldo Khiem" [c,271]. Ma Van Khdng khdng don thuan la ngudi niy<br /> : - "Anh oi, anh dd ddu em chu ^mg d6i thoai vdi ngudi kia m$t cdch ngau nhien,<br /> dd dit em nhi. Nd ndi bd em vj huu budn nhumd Id d6i tho^i vh tu tudng, vh cd tinh ndm<br /> chinh trong pMt ngdn cua hp:<br /> chd cdnh mdt gid" [d,156].<br /> : -Dung toy thdi bi thu a. Ong Di^p<br /> Trong tiiu thuyet Mm Id rmg trong vudn,<br /> nhan vat li \k ngudi ua tblch quyen hanh, cudi chdnh mi$ng: -Thit gd xdi nep dan bd<br /> them mudn sai khi^ ngudi kh^ thi ngon ngQ: Cd ba thu dv diu Id dime tw/\ [d,344].<br /> lai mang sdc th^ bi6u hi$n khic. Do la ngon<br /> : -*Con Ida! Tao cdm thii may! Mdy<br /> ngS menh l?nh, k^ ca: "Chj nhin Dong mdt la dua cudp cam chim cOa tao. Chd cua mdy<br /> l^nh nhutih^p,r6i buoc ra cijra so:<br /> le ra la cua con tao. Thdng ndy nd tdt nghi?p<br /> : - ^^Ndy hdi nd cho ra nhe di: Cd phditrudng A/T thudt Cdng nghi$p. Tao dd ddm<br /> sdn<br /> chd cho nd. Vgy md may den tranh phdn<br /> nd dfnh cudi v