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Phát triển các giải thuật song song trong khai phá luật kết hợp

Chia sẻ: Nguyễn Minh Vũ | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:17

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In this paper we present two parallel algorithms for mining association rules that are well suited for distributed memory parallel computers. The algorithms are developed based on FP-growth method. The first algorithm is a task parallel formulation using a static load balancing technique. The second algorithm improves upon the first algorithm by dynamically balancing the load when the static task assignment leads to load imbalance.

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Nội dung Text: Phát triển các giải thuật song song trong khai phá luật kết hợp

’<br /> Tap ch´ Tin hoc v` Diˆu khiˆn hoc, T.23, S.2 (2007), 184–200<br /> ı<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> . a `<br /> .<br /> <br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> PHAT TRIEN CAC GIAI THUAT SONG SONG<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> TRONG KHAI PHA LUAT KET HO P<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ˆ<br /> NGUYEN LONG GIANG<br /> <br /> Viˆn Cˆng nghˆ thˆng tin, Viˆn Khoa hoc v` Cˆng nghˆ Viˆt Nam<br /> e<br /> o<br /> e o<br /> e<br /> e e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> Abstract. In this paper we present two parallel algorithms for mining association rules that are well<br /> suited for distributed memory parallel computers. The algorithms are developed based on FP-growth<br /> method. The first algorithm is a task parallel formulation using a static load balancing technique.<br /> The second algorithm improves upon the first algorithm by dynamically balancing the load when the<br /> static task assignment leads to load imbalance. We use the count matrix technique to compute the<br /> weight of tasks and to distribute tasks to processors. This technique also helps to reduce the time<br /> needed to scan the trees and to reduce communication cost. We also use the hash tree technique<br /> to group similar prefix-paths extracted from the tree, and thus can greatly reduce the amount of<br /> information exchanged among processors. Our experiments show that the algorithms are capable of<br /> achieving very good speedups, and of substantially reducing the amount of time when finding frequent<br /> patterns in very large databases.<br /> ´<br /> ´ .<br /> ’<br /> ’ .<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a e<br /> e<br /> T´m t˘t. B`i b´o n`y gi´.i thiˆu hai giai thuˆt song song khai th´c luˆt kˆt ho.p su. dung trˆn<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a a a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> c´c m´y t´ song song c´ bˆ nh´. phˆn t´n. C´c giai thuˆt du.o.c ph´t triˆn trˆn phu.o.ng ph´p<br /> a<br /> a ınh<br /> o o<br /> o<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’ .<br /> ’ ınh.<br /> ’<br /> e ınh a<br /> a<br /> y<br /> a a `<br /> a<br /> FP-growth. Giai thuˆt th´. nhˆt thu.c hiˆn t´ to´n song song su. dung k˜ thuˆt cˆn b˘ ng tai t˜<br /> a<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . hai du.o.c ph´t triˆn du.a trˆn giai thuˆt th´. nhˆt su. dung k˜ thuˆt cˆn b˘ ng tai dˆng<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’ o<br /> Giai thuˆt th´<br /> a<br /> u<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> u a ’ .<br /> y<br /> a a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ ’<br /> e ınh a<br /> o ’ a<br /> y<br /> a<br /> a e<br /> khi mˆt cˆn b˘ ng tai xay ra. B`i b´o su. dung k˜ thuˆt ma trˆn dˆm dˆ t´ to´n trong sˆ cua c´c<br /> a a `<br /> a<br /> a a ’ .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> u<br /> o ’ y<br /> y<br /> a a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> e a<br /> t´c vu v` phˆn phˆi c´c t´c vu t´.i nh˜.ng bˆ xu. l´ . K˜ thuˆt n`y giam thiˆu th`.i gian duyˆt cˆy<br /> a . a a<br /> o a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . o<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> ’ .<br /> v` giam b´.t chi ph´ truyˆn thˆng gi˜.a c´c bˆ xu. l´ . B`i b´o c˜ ng su. dung k˜ thuˆt cˆy b˘m dˆ<br /> a ’<br /> o<br /> e<br /> a a u<br /> y<br /> a a a<br /> ı<br /> e<br /> o<br /> u a o ’ y<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ` n tˆ du.`.ng di giˆng nhau tr´ loc t`. cˆy, v` nhu. vˆy giam thiˆu lu.o.ng thˆng tin trao<br /> ´ o<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> nh´m c´c tiˆ o<br /> o<br /> a e<br /> o<br /> ıch . u a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´ ´ ´ a<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> dˆ i gi˜.a c´c bˆ xu. l´ . Kˆt qua thu. nghiˆm cho thˆ y c´c giai thuˆt dat du.o.c dˆ t˘ng tˆc rˆ t tˆt, v`<br /> o u a o ’ y e<br /> o a<br /> o a o<br /> e<br /> a a<br /> a .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ ´<br /> ’ a<br /> ’<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ım e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o e<br /> a<br /> o<br /> giam thiˆu d´ng kˆ th`.i gian t` kiˆm c´c mˆ u phˆ biˆn trong c´c CSDL l´.n.<br /> e<br /> e o<br /> <br /> ´.<br /> ˆ<br /> 1. GIO I THIEU<br /> .<br /> B`i to´n khai th´c luˆt kˆt ho.p (Association Rule Mining - ARM) du.o.c Agrawal, Imielinski<br /> a a<br /> a a e .<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> .i thiˆu lˆn dˆu tiˆn. B`i to´n n`y tˆp trung t` kiˆm nh˜.ng mˆi quan hˆ c´ ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> e ` `<br /> a a<br /> o<br /> e o ıch<br /> v` [1] gi´<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a a a<br /> ım e<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ˜ u e<br /> ´ .<br /> ` m ˆ n gi˜.a c´c mˆu d˜. liˆu trong mˆt CSDL. C´c luˆt kˆt ho.p d˜ v` dang du.o.c su. dung<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a e<br /> tiˆ a<br /> e<br /> u a<br /> a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ’ .<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´ ´<br /> ´ e<br /> ’<br /> u o .<br /> e .<br /> e e<br /> rˆ t hiˆu qua trong mˆt loat c´c u.ng dung t`. hˆ tro. ra quyˆt dinh, du. b´o, y tˆ, tiˆp thi v`<br /> a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a ´<br /> ’<br /> quan tri kinh doanh. . .<br /> .<br /> Cho I l` mˆt tˆp c´c muc trong CSDL giao dich. Mˆt giao dich T ⊆ I du.o.c dinh ngh˜<br /> a o a a<br /> o<br /> ıa<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> o<br /> o<br /> a e .<br /> u a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> l` mˆt tˆp c´c muc du.o.c sinh ra dˆ ng th`.i trong mˆt giao dich. Mˆt luˆt kˆt ho.p gi˜.a tˆp<br /> a o a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> ’ a<br /> ’ a<br /> muc X ⊆ I v` tˆp muc Y ⊆ I , biˆ u diˆn X → Y , chı ra r˘ ng kha n˘ng hiˆn diˆn cua c´c<br /> a a<br /> e’<br /> e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ’ a<br /> phˆn tu. X trong giao dich c˜ng k´o theo kha n˘ng hiˆn diˆn cua phˆn tu. Y . Dˆ do du.o.c su.<br /> a ’<br /> o<br /> u<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e ’<br /> a ’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ’<br /> <br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> PHAT TRIEN CAC GIAI THUA T SONG SONG TRONG KHAI PHA LUAT KET HO P<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 185<br /> <br /> ’<br /> dung dˆ d´nh gi´ m´.c dˆ kˆt ho.p cua luˆt l` dˆ hˆ tro. (support ) v` dˆ tin cˆy (confidence ).<br /> a a o o .<br /> a o<br /> e’ a<br /> a u o e .<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> . ˜<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . cua luˆt X → Y l` ty lˆ gi˜.a sˆ giao dich ch´.a ca X v` Y v´.i tˆ ng sˆ giao dich<br /> ’<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> a ’ e u o<br /> u ’<br /> a<br /> o o<br /> o<br /> Dˆ hˆ tro ’<br /> o o .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . so. d˜. liˆu. Dˆ tin cˆy cua luˆt X → Y l` ty lˆ gi˜.a sˆ giao dich ch´.a ca X v` Y<br /> ´<br /> u ’<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a ’<br /> a<br /> a ’ e u o<br /> trong co ’ u e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> u<br /> o a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> v´.i sˆ giao dich ch´.a X . Mˆt tˆp ho.p gˆ m c´c muc (item) trong CSDL goi l` mˆt tˆp muc<br /> o o<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a o a<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .i k muc goi l` mˆt tˆp k muc (k-itemset). B`i to´n khai th´c d˜.<br /> (itemset). Mˆt tˆp muc v´<br /> o a<br /> o<br /> a a<br /> a u<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a o a<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´ a ’ a a<br /> ´<br /> a e .<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> u a ım e<br /> liˆu su. dung luˆt kˆt ho.p du.o.c chia th`nh hai bu.´.c. Bu.´.c th´. nhˆ t t` kiˆm tˆ t ca c´c tˆp<br /> e ’ .<br /> . ´<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜ . o<br /> ˜ . o<br /> ’ biˆn, l` tˆp muc xuˆ t hiˆn trong CSDL v´.i dˆ hˆ tro. l´.n ho.n dˆ hˆ tro. tˆi thiˆ u.<br /> ´<br /> ´ e<br /> o o<br /> e’<br /> muc phˆ e a a<br /> o ´<br /> a<br /> o o o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ ´<br /> o<br /> u<br /> a<br /> a ` a<br /> a a<br /> o e<br /> Bu.´.c th´. hai du.ng c´c luˆt tiˆm ˆ n trong c´c tˆp muc phˆ biˆn.<br /> .<br /> . e ’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .p du.o.c du.a ra, tuy nhiˆn ch´ng dˆu g˘p<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> D˜ c´ rˆ t nhiˆu giai thuˆt khai th´c luˆt kˆt ho<br /> a o a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a e .<br /> e a<br /> e<br /> u<br /> .<br /> . ´<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . l´ nh˜.ng CSDL l´.n, v` viˆc t` kiˆm c´c giai ph´p<br /> ´ e .<br /> ´<br /> ’ a ` e a<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> phai vˆ n dˆ hiˆu n˘ng t´ to´n khi xu y u<br /> o<br /> a e ım e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> ınh a<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´ .<br /> `<br /> ’ e a<br /> ’<br /> e<br /> a<br /> e a<br /> e<br /> e’<br /> e<br /> m´.i vˆn tro. nˆn cˆ p thiˆt. C´ch tiˆp cˆn song song mang lai nhiˆu triˆ n vong cho viˆc giai<br /> o a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´ ´ e<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> quyˆt vˆ n dˆ n`y. Muc tiˆu cua b`i b´o l` ph´t triˆ n c´c giai thuˆt song song nh˘ m t˘ng<br /> e a ` a<br /> e<br /> a a a a<br /> e’ a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .c hiˆn cua c´c giai thuˆt v` giam thiˆ u th`.i gian t´ to´n.<br /> ’<br /> ’ a<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> hiˆu n˘ng thu<br /> e a<br /> o<br /> a a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> ınh a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ` o . ’ a a o a<br /> ´ u<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e<br /> a<br /> Phˆn c`n lai cua b`i b´o c´ cˆ u tr´c nhu. sau. Phˆn 2 gi´.i thiˆu phu.o.ng ph´p FP-Growth.<br /> a<br /> .<br /> . CSDL giao dich.<br /> ’ ´<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> Phˆn 3 ph´t triˆ n hai giai thuˆt song song khai th´c c´c tˆp phˆ biˆn t`<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e’<br /> a<br /> a a a<br /> o e u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´ a a o<br /> ` n 4 tr` b`y nghiˆn c´.u hiˆu n˘ng cua giai thuˆt. Phˆn 5 tr` b`y kˆt luˆn v` hu.´.ng<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> e a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> ınh a e<br /> Phˆ<br /> a<br /> ınh a<br /> e u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> nghiˆn c´.u tiˆp theo.<br /> e u<br /> e<br /> . .<br /> ´<br /> 2. PHU O NG PHAP FP-GROWTH<br /> ´ u u e<br /> ’ .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> Phu.o.ng ph´p FP-Growth su. dung cˆ u tr´c d˜. liˆu FP-Tree (Frequent Pattern Tree - cˆy<br /> .<br /> ’ e<br /> ’<br /> ˜u phˆ biˆn)[5]. FP-Tree biˆ u diˆn c´c thˆng tin vˆ tˆn suˆ t cua c´c muc trong CSDL.<br /> ˜ a<br /> ` `<br /> ´<br /> mˆ<br /> a<br /> o ´<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o<br /> e a<br /> a ’ a<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ’ ´<br /> ˜<br /> ’<br /> Mˆi nh´nh cua FP-Tree biˆ u diˆn mˆt tˆp muc phˆ biˆn, c´c n´t doc theo nh´nh du.o.c lu.u<br /> o<br /> a<br /> e’<br /> e<br /> o a<br /> o e<br /> a u .<br /> a<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . theo th´. tu. giam dˆn cua tˆn suˆ t c´c muc, n´t l´ biˆ u diˆn c´c muc c´ tˆn suˆ t nho<br /> ’<br /> ˜ a<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ `<br /> ’<br /> u . ’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a a<br /> u a e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> tr˜<br /> u<br /> .<br /> . o `<br /> ’ ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> e `<br /> nhˆ t (muc phˆ biˆn ´ nhˆ t). FP -Tree g˘n v´.i mˆt bang tiˆu dˆ (header table). C´c muc v`<br /> a<br /> o e ıt a<br /> a o o ’<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ´ ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> u<br /> e `<br /> a ’ `<br /> a<br /> a<br /> u<br /> e<br /> u . ’<br /> a<br /> sˆ dˆm cua ch´ng du.o.c lu.u tr˜. trong bang tiˆu dˆ theo th´. tu. giam dˆn cua tˆn suˆ t. Dˆu<br /> o e<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ´ o a ’ a u<br /> ’<br /> ’ a mˆt muc ch´.a n´t dˆu danh s´ch liˆn kˆt v´.i tˆ t ca c´c n´t tu.o.ng u.ng cua FP-Tree.<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> e e<br /> v`o cu<br /> a<br /> o<br /> u u a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> Phu.o.ng ph´p FP-Growth bao gˆ m hai nhiˆm vu ch´<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e<br /> ınh: 1) xˆy du.ng FP-Tree, v` 2) khai th´c<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ e ’ .<br /> ˜u phˆ biˆn su. dung FP-Tree.<br /> ´<br /> c´c mˆ<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> .ng FP-Tree<br /> Xˆy du<br /> a<br /> .<br /> `<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> u<br /> a ım a ’<br /> Dˆ xˆy du.ng FP-Tree cˆn phai qu´t CSDL hai lˆn. Lˆn qu´t th´. nhˆ t t` tˆ t ca 1e’ a<br /> .<br /> ’ biˆn. Sau d´ c´c muc n`y du.o.c ch`n v`o bang tiˆu dˆ, theo th´. tu. giam dˆn<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> itemsets phˆ e<br /> o ´<br /> o a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> u . ’<br /> e a<br /> e `<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’ `<br /> a<br /> a ’ a<br /> o<br /> o e<br /> cua tˆn suˆ t. Lˆn qu´t th´. hai xˆy du.ng FP-Tree. Tˆ t ca c´c muc khˆng phˆ biˆn trong<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ ´<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> u . ’<br /> a ’ `<br /> a<br /> a<br /> giao dich du.o.c lu.o.c bo. C´c muc c`n lai s˘p xˆp theo th´. tu. giam dˆn cua tˆn suˆ t, sau d´<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . o . a e<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ` o o o a<br /> e a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o a<br /> u<br /> e ´<br /> du.o.c ch`n v`o FP-Tree th`nh mˆt nh´nh. Nˆu mˆt tˆp muc d`ng chung tiˆn tˆ v´.i mˆt tˆp<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> ˜ a<br /> `<br /> ` o ’<br /> e ´<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e’<br /> e .<br /> muc d˜ tˆ n tai trong cˆy, tˆp muc m´.i s˜ d`ng chung tiˆn tˆ cua nh´nh cˆy biˆ u diˆn tˆp<br /> a o .<br /> a a<br /> o e u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> u<br /> o o e<br /> o e<br /> u o<br /> muc d´. Ho.n n˜.a, mˆt bˆ dˆm du.o.c g˘n v´.i mˆi n´t trˆn cˆy. Bˆ dˆm lu.u tr˜. sˆ giao dich<br /> . . ´<br /> . a o o u e a<br /> . ´<br /> .<br /> . o<br /> .a tˆp muc biˆ u diˆn bo.i du.`.ng dˆn t`. gˆc t´.i n´t. Bˆ dˆm n`y du.o.c cˆp nhˆt trong suˆt<br /> ˜<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> ch´ a<br /> u .<br /> e’<br /> e<br /> o<br /> a u o o u<br /> o e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> ` n qu´t th´. hai, khi mˆt nh´nh m´.i du.o.c ch`n thˆm.<br /> o<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> lˆ<br /> a<br /> e<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . dung FP-Tree<br /> ’ ´<br /> ’<br /> Khai th´c c´c tˆp phˆ biˆn su .<br /> a a a<br /> o e<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> Cho muc i trong bang tiˆu dˆ cua FP-Tree Tα (α l` mˆt tˆp muc, v` Ti biˆ u thi FP-Tree<br /> e ` ’<br /> e<br /> a o a<br /> a<br /> e’<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.c xˆy du.ng t`. CSDL ban dˆu), theo danh s´ch kiˆn kˆt b˘t dˆu tai muc i trong bang<br /> ´ `<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> du .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e e a a .<br /> a<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> tiˆu dˆ cua Tα , tˆ t ca c´c nh´nh ch´.a muc i du.o.c th˘m. C´c nh´nh d´ tao th`nh mˆu diˆu<br /> e ` ’<br /> e<br /> a ’ a<br /> a<br /> u<br /> o .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> ˜<br /> ˆ<br /> NGUYEN LONG GIANG<br /> <br /> 186<br /> <br /> ’ ´<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’ ’<br /> kiˆn co. so. cua α ∪ i, v` vˆy h`ng ngang thu du.o.c tˆ t ca c´c muc phˆ biˆn trong mˆu diˆu<br /> e<br /> ı a a<br /> o e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a ’ a<br /> .<br /> . so. n`y. Tiˆp theo phu.o.ng ph´p FP-Growth xˆy du.ng FP-Tree diˆu kiˆn T , b˘ ng<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e α∪i `<br /> a<br /> kiˆn co ’ a<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ . ` `<br /> ’<br /> a a<br /> a a<br /> o e<br /> e ` ’ o .<br /> e<br /> o<br /> viˆc kho.i tao lˆn dˆu bang tiˆu dˆ cua n´ du.a v`o c´c muc phˆ biˆn du.o.c t` thˆ y, sau d´<br /> e<br /> .<br /> . ım a<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ` `<br /> ’<br /> tiˆn h`nh th˘m c´c nh´nh cua Tα theo danh s´ch liˆn kˆt cua i mˆt ho˘c nhiˆu lˆn v` ch`n<br /> e a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e e ’<br /> o<br /> a<br /> e a a e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> c´c tˆp muc tu.o.ng u.ng v`o Tα∪i. Ch´ y r˘ ng th´. tu. cua c´c muc c´ thˆ kh´c nhau trong<br /> a a<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> u´ `<br /> a<br /> u . ’ a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . o e’ a<br /> ´<br /> ’ u<br /> ’ . ’ e<br /> e<br /> a u<br /> e<br /> o<br /> Tα v` Tα∪i. Thu tuc o. trˆn du.o.c su. dung dˆ quy, v` d`.ng lai khi FP-Tree kˆt qua ch´.a mˆt<br /> a<br /> .<br /> . ’ .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.ng di do.n duy nhˆ t. Tˆp dˆy du c´c tˆp muc phˆ biˆn du.o.c sinh ra t`. tˆ t ca c´c du.`.ng<br /> ’ e<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ a a<br /> du o<br /> a<br /> o ´<br /> a<br /> a `<br /> u a ’ a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> di do.n cua FP-Tree.<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ `<br /> 3. CAC GIAI THUAT SONG SONG, THIET KE VA THU C THI<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> Phˆn chia CSDL ban dˆu v` t´<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a ınh d´ ng d˘ n cua phu.o.ng ph´p<br /> u<br /> a<br /> a<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> a<br /> o<br /> Nˆu N l` tˆ ng c´c bˆ xu. l´, CSDL ban dˆu du.o.c chia th`nh N phˆn b˘ ng nhau, sau d´<br /> e<br /> a o<br /> a o ’ y<br /> a<br /> a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.c g˘n v`o c´c bˆ xu. l´ kh´c nhau, v` du.o.c lu.u tr˜. trong bˆ nh´. cuc bˆ cua<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> mˆi phˆn du . a a a o ’ y a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> u<br /> o o .<br /> o ’<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜ .<br /> ´<br /> n´. Mˆi bˆ xu. l´ s˜ qu´t CSDL giao dich cuc bˆ mˆt lˆn v` liˆt kˆ nh˜.ng su. cˆ cuc bˆ. Sau<br /> o<br /> o o ’ y e e<br /> .<br /> . o o `<br /> . . a a e e u<br /> .<br /> . o . o<br /> .<br /> ’ ´ a<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´ ´<br /> o e `<br /> e<br /> d´ tˆ t ca c´c bˆ xu. l´ s˜ thu du.o.c c´c muc phˆ biˆn b˘ ng viˆc trao dˆ i c´c sˆ dˆm cuc bˆ<br /> o a ’ a o ’ y e<br /> o a o e<br /> . a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . o<br /> .<br /> .i tˆ t ca c´c bˆ xu. l´ kh´c su. dung ph´p r´t gon tˆ ng to`n cuc (global sum-reduction). C´c<br /> ’<br /> ´ ’ a o ’ y a ’ .<br /> e u . o<br /> a .<br /> a<br /> v´ a<br /> o<br /> .<br /> ’ ´<br /> ´ ´<br /> `<br /> u . ’<br /> a<br /> muc phˆ biˆn n`y du.o.c s˘p xˆp theo th´. tu. giam dˆn theo dˆ hˆ tro. dˆ xˆy du.ng L, danh<br /> o e a<br /> o o . e’ a<br /> . a e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ˜<br /> ˜ .<br /> ’ biˆn. Ch´ y r˘ ng L giˆng nhau v´.i tˆ t ca c´c bˆ xu. l´. Mˆi bˆ xu. l´ qu´t<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> o o ’ y e<br /> s´ch c´c muc phˆ e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o ´<br /> u´ a<br /> o<br /> o a ’ a o ’ y<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> e’ a<br /> d˜. liˆu cuc bˆ dˆ xˆy du.ng FP-Tree cuc bˆ, giˆng nhu. giai thuˆt xˆy du.ng FP-Tree. Dˆ n˘m<br /> u e . o e’ a<br /> a a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . o o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> r˜ tiˆn tr` n`y, x´t v´ du sau.<br /> o e<br /> ınh a<br /> e ı .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> V´ du 1. Cho CSDL giao dich, DB , l` hai cˆt dˆu tiˆn trong Bang 1, sˆ lu.o.ng bˆ xu. l´ l` 3<br /> ı .<br /> a<br /> o `<br /> o ’ y a<br /> o .<br /> .<br /> . a e<br /> .<br /> .˜.ng hˆ tro. tˆi thiˆ u l` 5. V´ du n`y minh hoa qu´ tr` xˆy du.ng FP-Tree cuc bˆ.<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> o . o<br /> e’ a<br /> ı . a<br /> a ınh a<br /> v` ngu o<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . o<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> Bang 1. V´ du vˆ viˆc phˆn chia CSDL giao dich<br /> ı . ` e<br /> e .<br /> a<br /> .<br /> ID<br /> 1<br /> 2<br /> 3<br /> 4<br /> 5<br /> 6<br /> 7<br /> 8<br /> 9<br /> <br /> C´c muc trong giao dich<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> A, B, C, D, E<br /> F, B, D, E, G<br /> B, D, A, E, G<br /> A, B, F, G, D<br /> B, F, D, G, K<br /> A, B, F, G, D<br /> A, R, M, K, O<br /> B, F, G, A, D<br /> A, B, F, M, O<br /> <br /> ’ ´<br /> C´c muc du.o.c phˆ biˆn<br /> a<br /> o e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> BAD<br /> BDFG<br /> BADG<br /> BADFG<br /> BDFG<br /> BADFG<br /> A<br /> BADFG<br /> BAF<br /> <br /> Bˆ xu. l´<br /> o ’ y<br /> .<br /> P0<br /> <br /> P1<br /> <br /> P2<br /> <br /> ˜ .<br /> ´<br /> a a<br /> o<br /> o ’ y<br /> o o ’ y e<br /> CSDL du.o.c phˆn t´n nhu. nhau t´.i 3 bˆ xu. l´. Mˆi bˆ xu. l´ dˆm dˆ hˆ tro. cua c´c muc<br /> o o . ’ a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ˜<br /> . liˆu cuc bˆ. Sau ph´p r´t gon tˆ ng to`n cuc, tˆ t ca c´c bˆ xu. l´ lˆ y sˆ<br /> ’<br /> ´ ’ a o ’ y a o<br /> ´ ´<br /> o<br /> e u . o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> c´ m˘t trong d˜ e<br /> o a<br /> u .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´ ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> o e<br /> dˆm to`n cuc dˆi v´.i tˆ t ca c´c muc trong CSDL. B˘ ng viˆc so s´nh sˆ dˆm dˆ hˆ tro. v´.i<br /> e<br /> a<br /> o o . o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . o o a ’ a<br /> . ˜<br /> ’<br /> ˜ o ’ y a<br /> ’ e<br /> ˜ tro. tˆi thiˆ u, mˆi bˆ xu. l´ lˆ y danh s´ch L, danh s´ch c´c muc phˆ biˆn{(B:8), (A:7),<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> e<br /> o .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> dˆ hˆ . o<br /> o o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ ´<br /> ˜<br /> ´ ´<br /> a e<br /> u . ’<br /> (D:7), (F:6), (G:6)}. C´c muc phˆ biˆn trong mˆi giao dich du.o.c s˘p xˆp theo th´. tu. cua L<br /> a<br /> o e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ba cua Bang 1). Mˆi bˆ xu. l´ xˆy du.ng FP-Tree cuc bˆ mˆt c´ch dˆc lˆp. Tˆ t ca<br /> ˜ o ’ y a<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> (cˆt th´<br /> o<br /> u<br /> o a<br /> a ’<br /> o .<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> . o o a<br /> . .<br /> FP-Tree cuc bˆ du.o.c minh hoa trong H` 1.<br /> o<br /> ınh<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ´<br /> ˆ<br /> ˆ<br /> PHAT TRIEN CAC GIAI THUA T SONG SONG TRONG KHAI PHA LUAT KET HO P<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br /> 187<br /> <br /> H` 1. C´c FP-Tree cuc bˆ<br /> ınh<br /> a<br /> . o<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’ a o<br /> Viˆc xˆy du.ng FP-Tree cuc bˆ khˆng phai l` bu.´.c cuˆi c`ng nhu.ng c´ y ngh˜ kh´m ph´<br /> e a<br /> o u<br /> o´<br /> ıa a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . o o<br /> .<br /> ’ ´<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> tˆ t ca c´c mˆu phˆ biˆn m` khˆng phai qu´t thˆm CSDL lˆn n`o n˜.a. Theo phu.o.ng ph´p<br /> a ’ a<br /> a<br /> o e<br /> a o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a a u<br /> ’ ´<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> e’<br /> a a ’ a<br /> a<br /> o e e<br /> e<br /> o<br /> e<br /> FP-growth, dˆ khai th´c tˆ t ca c´c mˆu phˆ biˆn liˆn quan dˆn mˆt muc i (trong bang tiˆu<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .ng mˆu diˆu kiˆn co. so. cua i v` sau d´ xˆy du.ng FP-Tree diˆu kiˆn cua i l`<br /> ˜<br /> ` `<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ’ ’<br /> dˆ), cˆn xˆy du<br /> e a a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o a<br /> e<br /> e ’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .ng nh´nh ch´.a muc i thu.`.ng hiˆn diˆn trong nhiˆu FP-Tree cuc bˆ v` cˆn thu thˆp<br /> `<br /> Ti . Nh˜<br /> u<br /> a<br /> u<br /> o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . o a `<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ’ ’<br /> ’ ’<br /> o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> ch´ng t`. tˆ t ca c´c bˆ xu. l´ dˆ xˆy du.ng diˆu kiˆn co. so. cua i. Diˆu kiˆn co. so. cua mˆt<br /> u<br /> u a ’ a o ’ y e’ a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.c<br /> ’<br /> `<br /> `<br /> muc thay dˆ i theo c´ch phˆn chia CSDL ban dˆu. Tuy nhiˆn, FP-Tree diˆu kiˆn m` du .<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> ’ ´<br /> `<br /> ’ o o<br /> e<br /> a u a<br /> xˆy du.ng trˆn diˆu kiˆn co. so. d´ khˆng thay dˆ i v` c´c tˆp phˆ biˆn du.o.c khai th´c t`. cˆy<br /> a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o a a a<br /> o e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.ng. Dˆ ch´.ng minh t´ ch´ x´c cua c´ch tiˆp cˆn n`y, x´t hai bˆ<br /> ’<br /> ´ .<br /> c˜ng khˆng bi anh hu ’<br /> u<br /> o<br /> e’ u<br /> ınh ınh a ’ a<br /> e a a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> . ’<br /> ` sau.<br /> dˆ<br /> e<br /> ’ e<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> Bˆ dˆ 1. C´ch phˆn chia CSDL ban dˆu khˆng anh hu.o.ng dˆn FP-Tree diˆu kiˆn cua mˆt<br /> o `<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o ’<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> muc.<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> a e<br /> ınh a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> Ch´.ng minh. Du.a v`o tiˆn tr` xˆy du.ng FP-Tree, mˆi giao dich trong CSDL ´nh xa t´.i<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . o<br /> .`.ng di trong FP-Tree. Mˆt du.`.ng di do.n i → i → · · · → i trong du.`.ng di c´ tiˆn<br /> o<br /> o<br /> o<br /> o `<br /> e<br /> mˆt du o<br /> o<br /> 1<br /> 2<br /> n<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .n nhˆ t theo mˆu i1 → i2 → · · · → ik<br /> ’ ´<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> a<br /> y a ’ a<br /> o a<br /> o e o<br /> tˆ i1 d˘ng k´ tˆ t ca c´c giao dich c´ tˆp phˆ biˆn l´<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ ´<br /> `<br /> ’ a e<br /> a<br /> a o e<br /> v´.i 1 k n. Khi xˆy du.ng FP-Tree diˆu kiˆn, mˆt c´ch do.n gian l` thˆm c´c sˆ dˆm v`o<br /> o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.ng di i1 → i2 → · · · → in . V` thˆ su. phˆn t´n c´c giao dich khˆng anh hu.o.ng t´.i du.`.ng<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> a a a<br /> o ’<br /> o<br /> o<br /> du o<br /> ı e .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´ ´<br /> `<br /> ’ o ´<br /> ’ a<br /> o<br /> di i1 → i2 → · · · → in v` sˆ dˆm cua n´. Ap dung diˆu n`y t´.i tˆ t ca c´c du.`.ng di cua cˆy<br /> a o e<br /> e a o a ’ a<br /> .<br /> ’ e<br /> `<br /> diˆu kiˆn ta c´ bˆ dˆ.<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o o `<br /> .<br /> ’ ´ a ’<br /> ’ e<br /> ˜<br /> a<br /> o e `<br /> Bˆ dˆ 2. Khai th´c FP-Tree cuc bˆ thu du.o.c c´c mˆu phˆ biˆn dˆy du.<br /> o `<br /> a<br /> . a<br /> . o<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> u ´ a<br /> a<br /> e ` ’ a ’ a o ’ y a<br /> Ch´.ng minh. Ch´ y r˘ ng c´c muc trong bang tiˆu dˆ cua tˆ t ca c´c bˆ xu. l´ l` nhu. nhau<br /> u<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ’ o a o ’ y<br /> `<br /> ´t kˆ sˆ c´c bˆ xu. l´ N v` c´ch phˆn t´n giao dich. C˜ng ch´ y r˘ ng ph´p xu. l´ mˆi muc<br /> ´<br /> ’ y o<br /> a a<br /> a a<br /> u<br /> u´ a<br /> e<br /> bˆ e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . so. cua n´) du.o.c<br /> ˜<br /> ˜ `<br /> ’<br /> e<br /> ıa a o<br /> a a<br /> e<br /> e<br /> trong bang tiˆu dˆ l` t´c vu dˆc lˆp. Ngh˜ l` mˆi muc (v` mˆu diˆu kiˆn co ’ ’ o<br /> e ` a a . o a<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ ´<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’ y o a e’ ’<br /> a ’ a<br /> a<br /> o e o e<br /> a o<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> xu. l´ dˆc lˆp dˆ san sinh tˆ t ca c´c mˆu phˆ biˆn c´ liˆn quan m` khˆng cˆn thˆm thˆng<br /> . .<br /> ’ e<br /> `<br /> ´ e<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> e<br /> e ’<br /> o<br /> o a<br /> tin n`o n˜.a. Cuˆi c`ng, theo Bˆ dˆ 1, FP-tree diˆu kiˆn cua mˆt muc l` bˆ t biˆn, n´i c´ch<br /> a u<br /> o u<br /> o `<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a a<br /> ’<br /> ’ e<br /> ˜u phˆ biˆn du.o.c san sinh t`. FP-tree diˆu kiˆn d´ khˆng thay dˆ i. V` vˆy ta c´<br /> `<br /> e<br /> e o o<br /> o<br /> ı a<br /> o<br /> kh´c, c´c mˆ<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> o ´<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ’<br /> ’ e<br /> bˆ dˆ.<br /> o `<br /> ’ e<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´ .<br /> `<br /> Bˆ dˆ 2 cho thˆ y t´ ch´ x´c cua c´ch tiˆp cˆn. Do viˆc t´ to´n tai mˆi phˆn tu.<br /> o `<br /> a ınh ınh a ’ a<br /> e a<br /> e ınh a .<br /> o<br /> a ’<br /> .<br /> <br /> 188<br /> <br /> ˜<br /> ˆ<br /> NGUYEN LONG GIANG<br /> <br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> trong bang tiˆu dˆ l` t´c vu dˆc lˆp nˆn ta c´ thˆ khai th´c song song tˆ t ca c´c FP-Tree<br /> e ` a a . o a e<br /> e<br /> o e’<br /> a<br /> a ’ a<br /> . .<br /> . l´. Tuy nhiˆn, tai trong cˆng viˆc<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> e<br /> o<br /> e<br /> a o ’<br /> cuc bˆ b˘ ng c´ch phˆn phˆi c´c t´c vu d´ cho c´c bˆ xu y<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o a a . o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . o `<br /> . a<br /> .`.ng khˆng b˘ ng nhau, diˆu d´ dˆn t´.i su. mˆ t cˆn b˘ ng tai trong cˆng<br /> `<br /> ˜ o . a a `<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> ’ a a . o<br /> o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> e o a<br /> cua c´c t´c vu d´ thu o<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> e<br /> viˆc, v` v` vˆy giam thiˆ u hiˆu n˘ng t´ to´n. Muc tiˆu b`i b´o l` t` ra phu.o.ng ph´p hiˆu<br /> e<br /> a ı a<br /> e’<br /> e a<br /> ınh a<br /> e a a a ım<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ phˆn phˆi c´c t´c vu d´ dˆu nhau cho c´c bˆ xu. l´ v` giam thiˆ u su. mˆ t cˆn b˘ ng<br /> ’ . a a `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’ e<br /> o a a . o `<br /> e<br /> a o ’ y a ’<br /> qua dˆ a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> .<br /> ’<br /> tai trong cˆng viˆc.<br /> o<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ’ ınh ( SLB Static<br /> y<br /> a a<br /> a<br /> Thuˆt to´n phˆn phˆi t´c vu su. dung k˜ thuˆt cˆn b˘ ng tai t˜<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . ’ .<br /> Load Balancing)<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> ’<br /> Y tu.o.ng thuˆt to´n l` x´c dinh khˆi lu.o.ng t´ to´n cho tˆ t ca c´c muc trong bang tiˆu<br /> a<br /> a a a .<br /> ınh a<br /> a ’ a<br /> e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .o.c xˆy du.ng t`. co. so. d˜. liˆu ban dˆu) v` sau d´ chia nh˜.ng<br /> ` ’<br /> `<br /> `<br /> ’ u e<br /> u<br /> dˆ cua FP-Tree ban dˆu (cˆy du . a<br /> e<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ` n c´ k´ thu.´.c b˘ ng nhau v` g´n ch´ng cho c´c bˆ xu. l´.<br /> ’ y<br /> o a<br /> a a<br /> u<br /> a o<br /> a<br /> a<br /> muc d´ th`nh c´c phˆ o ıch<br /> .<br /> . o a<br /> ’ y `<br /> ’<br /> Cho T = {t1 , t2 , . . ., tn } l` tˆp t´c vu, v´.i t´c vu ti dang xu. l´ phˆn tu. i trong bang tiˆu<br /> a a a . o a .<br /> a ’<br /> e<br /> .<br /> . so. cua n´ dˆ san sinh tˆ t ca c´c mˆu phˆ biˆn liˆn quan, v´.i n l` sˆ t´c<br /> ’ ’<br /> ’ e e<br /> ˜<br /> ` a `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> dˆ, v` diˆu kiˆn co ’ ’ o e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a ’ a<br /> a<br /> o ´<br /> o<br /> a o a<br /> .<br /> vu.<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> a o<br /> o<br /> e<br /> Cho W = {w1, w2, . . . , wn} l` tˆp trong sˆ v´.i wi = weight(ti) l` khˆi lu.o.ng cˆng viˆc<br /> a a<br /> o o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ xu. l´ t´c vu ti cho dˆn khi kˆt th´c. Trong sˆ n`y c´ thˆ l` mˆt dˆ do th`.i gian t´ to´n<br /> ’ a o o<br /> ´<br /> ´ u<br /> ´<br /> ınh a<br /> dˆ ’ y a .<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> o a o e<br /> o<br /> .<br /> . .<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> a o<br /> o<br /> a<br /> e’<br /> e<br /> o<br /> o<br /> o e<br /> o<br /> thu.c, ho˘c dˆ do biˆ u diˆn mˆt th`.i gian tu.o.ng dˆi, liˆn quan t´.i th`.i gian du.o.c yˆu cˆu<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . e `<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ xu. l´ c´c t´c vu kh´c. Trong tru.`.ng ho.p n`y, viˆc u.´.c lu.o.ng th`.i gian t´ to´n thu.c l`<br /> dˆ ’ y a a .<br /> e<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> e o<br /> o<br /> ınh a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a<br /> ´<br /> ´ .<br /> o<br /> o<br /> khˆng thˆ . Ta s˜ theo c´ch tiˆp cˆn u.´.c lu.o.ng th`.i gian tu.o.ng dˆi.<br /> o<br /> e’<br /> e<br /> a<br /> e a o<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> o e a<br /> a `<br /> a ’<br /> Dˆ xu. l´ phˆn tu. i , tru.´.c hˆt xˆy du.ng cˆy diˆu kiˆn cua i, b˘ ng c´ch dˆ quy san sinh ra<br /> e’ ’ y `<br /> e<br /> e ’<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜u diˆu kiˆn co. so. v` FP-Tree kˆ tiˆp cho dˆn khi tˆ t ca FP-Tree tro. th`nh du.`.ng di<br /> ´ e<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´ ’<br /> ’ a<br /> ’ a<br /> o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e<br /> a<br /> c´c mˆ<br /> a<br /> a<br /> .<br /> ´ o a o a<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> `<br /> o<br /> o u o<br /> e<br /> do.n. Sˆ bu.´.c l˘p c˜. h`m sˆ m˜ v´.i chiˆu cao FP-Tree diˆu kiˆn cua i. R˜ r`ng l` chiˆu cao<br /> e<br /> e ’<br /> o a<br /> a `<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .`.ng d`i nhˆ t gi´.i han bo.i sˆ tˆi da c´c muc phˆ biˆn trong<br /> ’ e<br /> ´<br /> ´ ´<br /> ’ o o<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> a o .<br /> a<br /> o ´<br /> cua FP-Tree l` chiˆu d`i cua du o<br /> a `<br /> e a ’<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> e<br /> o .<br /> o<br /> bˆ t k` giao dich n`o thuˆc CSDL, ho˘c sˆ muc trong bang tiˆu dˆ cua n´. Do d´, trong sˆ<br /> a y<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a o .<br /> e ` ’ o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ’ u.´.c lu.o.ng b˘ ng cˆng th´.c sau<br /> `<br /> ’ a .<br /> cua t´c vu ti c´ thˆ o<br /> o e<br /> a<br /> o<br /> u<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> wi = f (sˆ muc trong bang tiˆu dˆ).<br /> o .<br /> e `<br /> e<br /> .c hiˆn, ta su. dung cˆng th´.c<br /> ’ .<br /> e<br /> o<br /> u<br /> Dˆ thu<br /> e’ .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ’<br /> e<br /> wi = sˆ muc trong bang tiˆu dˆ<br /> o .<br /> e `<br /> n<br /> .i c´c bˆ xu. l´ su. dung giai thuˆt d´ng g´i nhi<br /> ’ y ’ .<br /> ’<br /> o<br /> Cho W = i=1 wi . Ta phˆn t´n t´c vu t´ a o<br /> a a a . o<br /> a o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . l´, trong sˆ cua mˆi khˆi l` W ,<br /> ˜ .<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> phˆn (bin-packing). Cˆ p ph´t mˆt ”khˆi” cho mˆi bˆ xu y .<br /> a<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> o o ’<br /> o ’<br /> o<br /> o a N<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> v´.i N l` sˆ lu.o.ng bˆ xu. l´. Dˆ t˘ng hiˆu n˘ng song song, phˆn t´n dˆu c´c t´c vu c`ng trong<br /> o<br /> a o .<br /> o ’ y e’ a<br /> e a<br /> a a ` a a . u<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .i c`ng nhiˆu khˆi c`ng tˆt, tr´nh tru.`.ng ho.p c´c t´c vu v´.i trong sˆ l´.n du.o.c phˆn t´n<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> e<br /> o a<br /> o<br /> a<br /> o<br /> a a . o<br /> o o<br /> a a<br /> sˆ t´ a<br /> o o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´ ´<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> `<br /> o a<br /> o<br /> e<br /> u . ’<br /> a ’<br /> e’ .<br /> e a a a .<br /> t´.i mˆt v`i khˆi. Dˆ thu.c hiˆn diˆu n`y, c´c t´c vu du.o.c s˘p xˆp theo th´. tu. giam dˆn cua<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . a e<br /> . tu. s˘p xˆp t´.i khˆi b´ nhˆ t. Tiˆn tr` n`y du.o.c thu.c<br /> ˜<br /> ´ ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> o e a<br /> e<br /> ınh a<br /> trong sˆ, v` g´n mˆi t´c vu theo th´ . a e o<br /> o a a<br /> o a .<br /> u<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> `<br /> ´<br /> o e a ’ a o ’ y<br /> hiˆn dˆ ng th`.i trˆn tˆ t ca c´c bˆ xu. l´.<br /> e o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> ´<br /> Du.´.i dˆy tr` b`y viˆc su. dung k˜ thuˆt ma trˆn dˆm dˆ d´nh gi´ trong sˆ t´c vu.<br /> ınh a<br /> e ’ .<br /> e’ a<br /> a .<br /> o a .<br /> o a<br /> y<br /> a<br /> a e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> K˜ thuˆt Ma trˆn Dˆm<br /> y<br /> a<br /> a<br /> e<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ˜<br /> ’<br /> a<br /> o<br /> o<br /> e ` ’<br /> e<br /> Trong phu.o.ng ph´p FP-growth, v´.i mˆi muc i trong bang tiˆu dˆ cua FP-Tree Ti, hai<br /> .<br /> .`.ng ngang cua T du.o.c su. dung dˆ xˆy du.ng FP-Tree diˆu kiˆn T . Du.`.ng ngang th´. nhˆ t<br /> ’ a<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’ i<br /> o<br /> u a<br /> du o<br /> e<br /> e<br /> e i<br /> . ’ .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .ng bang tiˆu dˆ cua cˆy m´.i b˘ ng viˆc t` tˆ t ca c´c muc phˆ biˆn trong mˆu diˆu<br /> ’ ´<br /> ˜<br /> ´<br /> `<br /> ’<br /> e ` ’ a<br /> a<br /> e ım a ’ a<br /> o e<br /> a<br /> e<br /> o `<br /> e<br /> xˆy du<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> .<br /> . so. cua i. Du.`.ng ngang th´. hai xˆy du.ng cˆy m´.i T . Trong mˆi tru.`.ng song song,<br /> kiˆn co ’ ’<br /> e<br /> o<br /> u<br /> a<br /> a<br /> o i<br /> o<br /> o<br /> .<br /> .<br /> ´<br /> e’ ınh a<br /> o<br /> a .<br /> sau khi duyˆt cˆy, tˆ t ca c´c bˆ xu. l´ cˆn liˆn lac v´.i nhau dˆ h` th`nh thˆng tin to`n cuc.<br /> e a a ’ a o ’ y ` e . o<br /> a<br /> .<br /> .<br /> <br />
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