S6 5 (247)-2016<br />
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N G 6 N NGU" & Ddi<br />
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S6NG<br />
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55<br />
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PHAT TRIEN NANG L ^ C GIAO TIEP NGON N G C<br />
QUA DAY HQC TICH HQP CAC CHU DE<br />
TIENG VIET 6 TRlTOfNG PHO THONG<br />
DEVELOPING THE COMMUNICATION CAPACITY BY INTEGRATING<br />
VIETNAMESE TOPICS AT HIGH SCHOOL<br />
<br />
NGUYfiN THJ BICH<br />
(TS; D?i hpc Sir phgm, DH Thdi Nguyen)<br />
PHAM THJ THU HOAl<br />
(ThS; Dai hpc Su ph^m, DH Thdi Nguydn)<br />
Abstract: The article builds an integrated teaching topic "Tiing Vift ai tiing Vift dn<br />
tinh..."corresponding to the illustrated articles on Vietnamese Wstory and language<br />
commimication activities in Vietnamese curriculum at Wgh school. Thereby, topic integrated<br />
teaching activities can be applied to develop learners' competence to meet the requirements<br />
of Vietnamese education reform in integration period.<br />
Key words: communication; topic; mtegrated; competence.<br />
1. Nhung van de chung<br />
cy (ndng lye tinhtodn,ndng lye sft dyng ngdn<br />
1.1. Trong chuong tiinh gido dye phd tiidng ngft, ndng lye ftng dyng cdng nghf thdng tin.<br />
(CTGDPT), mon Ngii vdn khdng eW la mdt ICT). Mdn Ngft vdn hudng din Wnhtiidnhva<br />
mdn khoa hpc ma cdn Id mft mdn ngjie thudt phdttiidncho ngudi hpc nhiing ndng lyc chung<br />
Vdi mdn hpc ndy, vifc Wnh thdnh vd pMt tri&i cot ldi, cy thd Id ndng l{fc gidi quyit vdn di,<br />
cho hpc sinh (HS) ndng lye giao tilp ngdn ngft ndng luc sdng tgo, ndng l{ec hgp tdc. ndng l^<br />
Id mft myc tidu quan ttpng, cung Id myc tieu tu qudn bdn thdn vd cac ndng lyc dfc tiift la<br />
thi mgnh man^ tfnh ddc thft. CJua day hpc tieh ndng luc giaotieptiengVi$t. ndng luc thudng<br />
hpp cac chu dd tiing Vift, gjdo vien (GV) se thdc vdn hgc/cdm thu thdm mT. ddng thdi boi<br />
^nh hudng dl HS Wdu ve cdc quy tdc ciia hf dudng nhiing pham chat tot dpp, quan mfm<br />
tiiong ngdn ngii vd biet cdch sft dyng phft hpp, sdng, phdp ftng xft nhdn vdn. Nhu vfy, ndng<br />
Wfu qud. Td dd, tftng bude lam chutiengViet lyc giao tilp khdng cW Id ndng lyc cit loi cin<br />
tinng cac boat dfng giao tilp cy the.<br />
hinh thdnh qua hf tiling cdc mdn hpc md cdn Id<br />
Nang lye dupc quan mfm Id sy kit hpp mpt ndng lyc chiQ-dn bift chu yeu dupc phdt triln<br />
cdch linh hogt vd cd to chftc kilntiiftc.Id ndng qua mon Ngft vdn.<br />
vdi thdi dd, tinh cdm, gid tri, dfng ca cd<br />
"Giao tiip Id hogt d^ng xdc lap, vdn hdnh<br />
nhdn,... nhdm dap ling Wfu qud mpt yeu ciu cdc mdi quan h$ giOa eon ngtwi vdi eon ngud<br />
phftc hpp ciia boat ddng trong boi cdnh nhit nhdm thod man nhOng nhu cdu nhdt dinh" [5<br />
dinh[l,tt.49].<br />
tt.l3]. Theo dd, ndng luc giaotiepcd till dupc<br />
1.2. Dinh hudng xdy dyng CTGDPT sau wlu Id "khd ndng su dun^ ede quy tdc cda h$<br />
ndm 2015 da xdc djnh mpt sd ndng lye chung, thdng ngdn ngu di chuyen tdi, trao ddi thdng<br />
cit ldi md mpi HS Vift Nam deu can cd dd tin vi cdc phuong di$n ciuj ddi song xd hgi,<br />
tWch ling vdi nhu ciu phdt triln xa hpi, gom: trong tieng bdi cdnh/n^ cdnh e^ thi, nhdm dgt<br />
1/Nhdm ndng lye ldm chu vd phdt triln bdn din mgt muc dich nhdt djnh trong vi$e thiit Igp<br />
thdn (ndng lye ty hpc, ndng lye gidi quylt vin mdi quan h$ giaa nhteng con ngudi vdi nhau<br />
dl, ndi^ lye sdng tgo, ndng lye qudn h' ban trong xd hdt* [1,tt.55].Ndng lyc giaotiepbao<br />
thdn); 2/Nhdm ndng lyc xd hfi (ndng luc giao gom cdctiidnhtl: sy Weu bilt vd khd ndng sft<br />
ti4>, ndng lyc hpp tdc); 3/Nhdm ndng lyc cdng dyng ngdn ngii; sy Wlu bilt vd cdc tri thftc cua<br />
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56<br />
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N G 6 N N G C & D6ttS6NG<br />
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ddi sing xd hfi; sy vfn dyng phft hpp nhiing<br />
wlu bilt tirdn vdo cdc tinh humig phft hpp ds<br />
dat dupc myc dich. Ndng lyc gjao tilp dupc Ihl<br />
Wfn d nhiing khfa cgnh sau: xdc ^ n h &ipc myc<br />
dfch giao tilp vd Wlu dupc vai tro quan trpng<br />
cua vifc ddt myc tidu trudc Idii ^ a o tiep; nhfn<br />
ra dupc bdi cdnh giao tilp, ddc dilm, tiidi df<br />
ciia doi tirpng gjao tilp (ngudi nghe) dl cd tiidi<br />
df ftng xft phu hpp; sft dyng hf thing ngdn ngft<br />
dl diln dat y tudng ciia cd nhdn mft cdch ty tin<br />
trong timg bdi cdnh va (foi tupng; tiid Wfn dupc<br />
thdi df bieu cam {diu hpp vdi doi tupng vd bli<br />
cdnh giao tilp.<br />
Ndng lye gjao tilp tron^ cdc nfi dung day<br />
hpc tiing Viet dupc the Wfn d 4 Id ndng ca<br />
bdn: nghe, noi, dgc, vrif vd khd ndng ftng dyng<br />
cdc kien thftc va Id ndng i y vdo cdc tinh huong<br />
' giao tilp khdc nhau trong cufc sing.<br />
Day ciing Id myc tidu cW phii trong vifc dii<br />
mdi phuong p h ^ d^y hpc Ngii vdn theo quan<br />
-2016<br />
<br />
hpp lien mdn (Idin tiiftc, ki ndng cdc mdn h}c<br />
thufc ngdnh khoa hpc xd hpi nhdn vdn vd cac<br />
ngdnh hpc khac); S/Ffch hpp xuyen mdn (tich<br />
hpp cdc van ^ tft cupc song thyc, tii do xay<br />
dyi^ thdnh cdc mdn hpc mdi). Nhu v ^ , hoc<br />
tiing Vift nhung HS cd dupc kiln thuc vd lo<br />
ndng thyc hdnh todn difn, ting hpip nhihig hieu<br />
bilt v l ngdn i ^ , vdn hod, vdn hpc, lich sft, (Sa<br />
If, phong tyc, v l n song, v l n tri tiiftc vd kiiih<br />
ngWfm ciia bdn thdn.<br />
Dgy hpc theo chu dh Id xdy dyng nfi dung<br />
mpt ket ciu chft chd khdng cdn Id nhftng b^<br />
hpc rdi rgc. Hpc sinh phdi ty tim tdi cdc k i ^<br />
thtic tiiyc lh lidn quan d ^ nfi dung hpc vd vdn<br />
dyng kiln thdc vdo ^ d i quylt cdc vin dl tiiuc<br />
tien. Vifc lya chpn cdc chft d l tieng Vift s6<br />
gidp GV djnh hinh ro rdng nhftng don vj Idin<br />
tiiftc, nhiing Id ndng vd thdi df can trang bj v^<br />
Wnh tiianh, phdt triln cho hpc sinh. Cdtiiexay<br />
dyng cdc chu d l dgy hpc tiing Viet theo nhik<br />
tidu eW khdc nhau:<br />
Tbft nhit, cd tbI xdy dyng chu ^ tiieo ck<br />
liiih vyc thupc chuydn ngdnh Ngdn ngft nhu<br />
Ngd dm, Ta vieng Nga phdp, Phong cdch hgc;<br />
Nga dung hoc. .Vdi cdch ndy, cdc chu dd tiing<br />
Vift sd dupc xdy dyng Id: Rin luy^n Id ndng<br />
chinh dm, chinh td; Ren lio>$n Id ndng dimgt^<br />
Rin li0fin Id nang dgt edu; Rin luyin Id ndng<br />
tgo l^ vdn bdn theo phong cdch ngon r^<br />
Rin luy$n Id ndng sd dyng ngdn tu trong ngi?<br />
cdnh<br />
Thft hai, cd thi xdy dyng chft d l theo c ^ (^<br />
ciu tgo cua cdc don vj ngdn m^. VditiducW<br />
ndy, cdc chft de tiing Vift sau sd dupc x^y<br />
dyng: Am vi - hinh vj tieng Vi$t; Tu - cifm tU edu tiing Vi$t; Dogn - vdn hdn.<br />
Hai edch xay dyng chu d l tren phft hpp vdi<br />
md hinh cdc trudng chuydn, ldp chpn h o ^ thiet<br />
k l dl dgy cho dpi tiQ'ln hpc sinh gjdi mdn Ngii<br />
vdn d cdc trudng p h i thdng. Tiep theo cd m<br />
xdy dyng chu d l tiing Vift tiieo cdc hogt dfng<br />
rdn luyfn Id ndng nghe, ndi, dgc, viit Nai cddi<br />
ndy, GV cd till tiult k l cdc chd d l sau: Nghs<br />
hieu tiing Vi^t; Tdi Id dgc gid. Tdi Id ngudi noi,<br />
Toi Id ngudi viet. Cuoi cdng, GV cd till x ^<br />
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So 5 (247)-2016<br />
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57<br />
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NG6N NGf & D6I S6NG<br />
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dyng cdc chu de theo cym bdi vl.- td vung ngfe vdo thyctiSn.VditiducW ndy, GV cd till xdc<br />
phdp, phong edch ngon ngu, bi$n pht^ tu tu, ^nh vd xdy dyng dupc cdc dm dh tuong dng<br />
hogt d^ng giao tiip bdng ngdn nga. Xdy dyng trdn ca sd dd rd sodt phin tiing Vift cda<br />
chd dl theo cac nhdm bdi, GV datichhpp cac chuong trinh Ngft vdn THPT vd lua chpn<br />
ki^tiiftctiingVift d ba khii ldp 10,11,12 vd nhiing bdi hpc phft hpp, cin tWet<br />
cd thi tWit kl nfi dung, tl chftc hogt ^ n g cho<br />
Bang L Cdc cha di tiing Viittichhgp theo<br />
HStiiychdnh, van dung kiln tiiftc tiing Vift nhdm bdi<br />
NH6MBAI<br />
U p 10<br />
<br />
LfrpH<br />
<br />
ISnSng ng c&^ ngdn ngCf<br />
Idwa UfC, b)Phong cScti<br />
ngOn nga hlUih difnh.<br />
<br />
a)Til agfin ngd diung d&i a) Gift gjn sy trcHig steg cua<br />
ldi ndi c& nhfin; b^jlc ti&ig V i ^ b)NhSn v^t gjao<br />
d i ^ Io9i hlnh ti&ig V i ^ ti^.<br />
c)NgQcanh<br />
<br />
2. Phdt trien ndng lyv giao tiep ngdn ngu*<br />
qua day hpc tich hprp chu de **Tieng Vi^ ai<br />
ding Vi^dn tinh...**<br />
Zh Udo chgn chd ^<br />
- Theo ^nh hudng cua CTGDPT mdi, day<br />
hpc tich hpp Id ydu ciu nhdm j)hdt triln ndi^<br />
lyc ngudi hpc, ddng thdi khdc phyc nhung<br />
dilm triing lap ve n ^ kiln thftc giiia nfi dung<br />
efta cac bdi. Vifc dgy hpc tich hpp cung tao<br />
dieu kifn tiiufn lpi dl GV vfn dyng cdc<br />
phuang ph^ vd Id thudt day hpcticheye. CJua<br />
dd, cdc ndng lyc efta hpc sinh dupc Wnh thdnh<br />
vd phdt triln nhin ndng lyc gidi quylt vin dl,<br />
ndng lyc sdng tao, ndng luc hpp tdc va chft dgo<br />
la ndng lyc giaotilptiengVift<br />
- Trong chuang trinh Ngtt vdn d trudng 0il<br />
tiidng, mgdi kilntiiftctiengVift dupc fdidn bl<br />
tft ldp 1 din ldp 12. C3ido vidn cd till phan tach<br />
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N G 6 N N G C & Bin<br />
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S6NG<br />
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s l S (247)-2016<br />
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thdnh nWlu chd dl tuangftngvdi cdc cym bdi dimg tiing Vi$t; (3) Hogt dgng giaotiipbdng<br />
vl tft vyng, ngft ph^, phong each ngon ngii, ngon ngu; (4) Ngdn nga @ vd g/ff gin sif<br />
bifn phap tu tft vd hoat dpng giao tiep bdng trong sdng cuatiingVi§t.<br />
ngdn ngft.<br />
6 mSi chu dd, trdn ca sd kiln thftc dd c6<br />
- Chft dl "Tiing Vi$t oi tlin^ Vi^t dn tix)ng sdch gido khoa, cdn dua ra nhung gpi j<br />
tinh..." tirong ftng vdi cym bdi ve Lich sft vira cy the viia ngdn gpn nhung b ^ qudt dupc<br />
tiing Viet va boat ddng gjao tilp bdng ngdn nfi dung cua mSi chft dl.<br />
ngft, se tich hop cdc bdi hpc trong sdch gido<br />
2.3.2. Gpi ^ cdch thdc t l chiie dgy hpc tidi<br />
khoa nhu: ldp 10; Hogt dfne giao tiep bdng hpptiieochu dl<br />
ngdn ngft, Nhiii^ ydu ciu ve sft dyng tiing<br />
0) Hogt dgng I: Gidi thl?u chii di<br />
viet; Ldp 11: Khdi qudt ljch sdtiengvift; Ldp<br />
Bude 1: GV cWa ldp thdnh nWeu nh6m<br />
12: Ciift gin suttongsang ciia tiing Vift va bd nhd vd cho HS xem clip n ^ f si Phan Xu3n<br />
sung them npi dung Ngdn ngft @. Qua dd, se TW dien ngdm bdi tha Tiing Vi$t ciia Luu<br />
^lip HS thyc hdnh, trdi ngWfm cdc tinh hulng (Juang Vu, dua ra ydu cau trd ldi cdu hdi: a<br />
giaotilptrong thuc te.<br />
Bai tho ndi vl nfi dung gi? b. Nhiing phuong<br />
difn ndo cua tiing Vift dupc Luu (Juang Vfi<br />
2.2. Mpc tiiu cua chu de<br />
ribSc<br />
din trong bdi tha? c. Thdi^ Sep du^<br />
vi kiin thdc: Chu dl giup HS ndm dupc<br />
lich sft phdt triln tili^ Vift, nhftng ydu ciu vl gfti gdm qua bdi tha? d. Suy ngjn ciia em vi<br />
sft dyngtiingVift, dac dilm ciia ngdn ngCr ndi ngdn ngft @ vd gitt gin sy trong sdng cda tiing<br />
va ngdn ngft viet, mdi li&i hf tft ngdn ngft Viet?<br />
chung din ldi ndi cd nhdn, ddc bift la ngft<br />
Bicdc 2: Cac thdnh vidn bdy td f kiln d<br />
canh va cac yiu tl cW phii hogt dfng giao tilp nhdn, trao ddi trong nhdm va dua ra cdc Mp<br />
bing ngdn ngft (nhdn vft gjao tilp, doi tupng lufn cua nhdm minh.<br />
gjao tilp, phuang tifn giao tilp, hoan canh<br />
Biede 3: GV tl chftc cho cac nhdm trinh<br />
giao tilp).<br />
bay y kiln, lap lufn cua minh.<br />
vi Id ndng. (^ua day hpc chu dl ndy, GV<br />
Biedc 4: GV nhfn xdt vd kit Iu§n, gi6i<br />
gjftp HS Wnh thdnh Id ndi dung, vilt diing dl tWf u bdi mdi.<br />
din phdt triln thdnh ki ndng ndi hay vilt hay;<br />
0i) Hoat ddng 2: Tim hiiu vi Hch su tii%<br />
rdn luyfn Id ndng giao tiep trong tiing boi Vi?t<br />
cdnh, ngft cdnh,tinhhulng giao tilp cy thd.<br />
Bude I: GV cWa nhdm cho hpc sinh dpc<br />
Vi thdi dg: Bdi duong nhihigtinhcam yeu SGK bdi "Khdi qudt ve lich sdtiingVi^f<br />
men, ty hao, trdn trpng ngdn ngu ddn tfc; cd y (SGK Ngtt vdn 10, tap 1) va tit ldi cau hfii<br />
thftc rdn luyen eac ki ndng (nghe, ndi, dpc, hogt dpng nhdm (vfn dyng ldthuft"khanphu<br />
vilt) de tdng hpptiianhndng lyc giao tilp; cd bdn"): a. Tiing Vift cd nguIn glc tft ddu? Oi<br />
trach nWem gift gjn sy trong sdng efta tiing quan hf hp hang nhu till ndo? b. Sy phdt trien<br />
Vift. ^<br />
tieng Vift cd moi quan hf nhu till ndo doi v6i<br />
^ vi ndng l\ec: Hudng tdi hlnh thdnh vd phdtlich sft dit nude? e. Ve sa do tu duy ve ljch sii<br />
trien cdc nSng lyc: hpp tdc, sdng tgo, gidi quyet phdt triln cda tiing Vift<br />
cdc van dl, quan If bdn than va ndng cdm tiiy<br />
Bude 2: Cdc nhdm se hodn thdnh nhifm v^<br />
tham mi vd chft dao Id ndng lyc giao tilp tiing theo cdc bude ciia ki thuf t "khdn phft ban".<br />
Vift<br />
Bude 3: GV sft dyng Id tiiudt "Phfing.<br />
2.3. Ggi;^ ve npi dung cdc chu di vd cdchtianh", tiiln ldm cdc sdn phim cda HS. CSc<br />
thdc td chdc dgy hgc tich hgp theo chd di<br />
nhdm lin lupt trinh bay sdn phim, cdc nhom<br />
2.3.1. Cdc chu de gdm: (1) Khdi qudt vi khdc nhfn xdt, gdp y, bo sung.<br />
lich su tiing Vi^t; (2) Nhiing yeu cdu vi sa Bude 4: GV tong kit vd chit lai.<br />
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S65(247)-2016<br />
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NG6N NGC & B(n S6NG<br />
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(Ui) Hogt ddng 3: Hogt dgng giao tiip trinh bay) vd cdc phucmg tifn pW ngdn ngft;<br />
bdng ngon ngu<br />
Nhdm 5: Phdn bift kl ndng giao tilp, nghf<br />
Bude I: Gido vidn dua ra ydu ciu cho thuft gjao tilp va phong cdch giao tilp.<br />
HS:<br />
Bude 2: Cdc nhdm dpc vd bo sung y kiln<br />
a. Xem mft doan hfi thogi vl chft dl an cho nhdm bgn. Cdc nhdm hodn thdnh nWfm<br />
todn giao tiidng; b. Dpc ttdn mdn Wnh tiinh vytheo Id thugt "C6ng dogn".<br />
cWlu Id thu dat giai Nhit (Julc gia, C^ioc tl<br />
Bude 3: GV sft dyng ki tfauft "Phdng<br />
tiong cufc tW vilt thu QuIc te UPU cua em tranh" triln lam cdc sdn phim ciia HS, cdc<br />
Hd Thj Hilu Hiin, Dd Ndng vi di tdi "Hay nhdm lin lupt trinh bdy.<br />
viet thu cho mgt ngudi ndo do. di ndi vi sao<br />
Bude 4: GV ting kdt vd chit Igi<br />
vi^c hiiu biit ve AIDS vd ttf bdo v$ minh<br />
(iv) Hogt d0ng 4: N^dn ngd @ v^ gia<br />
trudc edn b?nh nay Id rdt quan trgng"; c. Ldgin Sit trong sdng euatiingVi^t<br />
don xin dy tuyen du hpc cua HS.<br />
Bude 1: GV dua ra ydu ciu cho HS: Dpc<br />
^ GV dp dyng kl thugt "Cdng dogn" vd ydu dogn tin nhdn yilt dudi dgng kf ti^ teen ciu HS trd ldi cdu hdi: Nhdm 1: Hogt dfng cot; Dpc mpt status trdn facebook vdi nhftng<br />
giao tiep Id gl? Cdc dilu kifn ddm bdo hogt ldi 16 titilu vdn minh, lich sy; Dpc cdu ca<br />
dfng giao tilp; Nhdm 2: Cdc nhdn to cda dao: "Ngudi thcmh tiing ndi cdng thanh/<br />
hogt dfng giao tilp bdng ngdn ngtt; Nhdm 3: Chudng Hu thd tiing ngudi ngoan thu ldF\<br />
Tft 3 ngtt lifu tten, hdy dl xuit nhftng dieu<br />
Ydu can HS diln vdo pWeu hpc tfp (dp<br />
can luu y kW tham gia ho^t dfng giao tilp; dyng kl tiiuft KWLH: bilt - muon bilt - hpc<br />
Nhdm 4: Vai ttd ciia phuang difn hinh thftc them - van dyng).<br />
(trang phyc, ttang dilm, trang sftc, chft vilt.<br />
BANG HOI "KWLH"<br />
HQ v&ten:<br />
L6p<br />
Cfiu hoi:<br />
1. Em b i ^ gl vh thyc tr^ng sii dyng ngdn ngO tifeg Vi^t tr&i mang xa hdi, trong hgc t$p vft trong d6i s6ng ? (GVyeu<br />
cdu HS dien vao CQI K).<br />
2. Sau khi dpc nhOng ngO li§u trdn, em cd dS xuit gl khdng? (GVyeu cdu HS diin vdo c^t W).<br />
3. Sau khi dgc nhOng ngO' Il^u tr€n, em cd suy nghT gl? Em riit kinh nghiem gl trong giao tiep? (GVyiu ciu HS diin<br />
vao c$t L).<br />
4. Em s& \km th^ nfto di gdp mdt p h ^ cdng siic cua minh v ^ cdng cudc hi^n dai hda v& giff ^ sy trong sSng cOa<br />
" ' Viet? (GVySu cdu HS diin vho cdt H).<br />
K (Nkting diiu dd biet)<br />
W (Nhung diiu mu6n<br />
L (Nh&ng diiu dd hoc<br />
H (Nhtmg diiu c6 thi<br />
biet)<br />
Ajpc sau bdi hoc)<br />
vgn di^ng)<br />
<br />
Bude 2: HS dien day dft cdc thdng tin vdo<br />
Bude 4: GV chot lai vd md rpng.<br />
cftK-W-L-H<br />
-— ..<br />
2.4. Ggd^ cdch thdc ddnh gid trong chd<br />
Bude 3: GV gpi mpt HS diing ldn dpc vd d^<br />
ttao dii. Sau dd, GV hdi Igi, thu bdng dl<br />
Bdng 2. Cdc mdc d0 vd cdng ciJi ddnh gid<br />
""'•" cftu them thdng tin cua ed ldp.<br />
duge su dyng trong dgy hge theo chu di<br />
N$i dung ki^n<br />
thiec<br />
KhdJ qudt Ifch<br />
sUding yi§t<br />
Yeu c&u vi s6<br />
dftng tiing Vip<br />
<br />
Mifc tiSu dfiy hf c<br />
- Bik dupc mdt cdch khftt qudt<br />
ngu6n g6c, cfic m6i quan h^ hg<br />
hing, ti^n trinh ljch sii phAt tridn<br />
cua ti^ng Vigt<br />
Nam dirpc cic ydu ciu v i sii dyn J<br />
tiing Viet<br />
(NgO fim, chd viit, tii ngO, ngtt<br />
phip phong each ngdn ngO).<br />
<br />
Minh chihig/<br />
^_^<br />
sin phim<br />
So do tu duy vd ljch sii phfit tri^n<br />
ti^ng Viet<br />
<br />
-Bang h§ th6ng cdc quy tac cua tiing<br />
Viet<br />
- van bin vdi chii di: "Bdo v$ chu<br />
quyen biin ddo Vi4t Nam" theo<br />
<br />
CAng cv<br />
dUnh gii<br />
<br />
cau2<br />
Cfiu 3<br />
<br />