OUA TRINH THirC HIEN CHU TRl/dNG CAI TIEN<br />
TREN UNH Virc PHAN PHOI, LUU THONG Tif 1979<br />
DEN NHUNG NAM DAU DOI M 6 |<br />
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LirONG VB^T SANG*<br />
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I. Tinh h i n h p h a n phoi, Iflu t h o n g cua hdng thiet yg'u phai mua phan phoi theo<br />
'Viet Nam nhuTng n a m d a u sau ngay giai tem phig'u, dinh lUdng. Sau khi mig'n Nam<br />
phdng midn Nam, t h o n g nhd't d a t nfldc giai ph6ng, nhflng kho khdn do tdng Ign.<br />
Sau khi miln Nam dUdc giai ph6ng, cdch M6t s6 nxldc vign trd chu yeu cho Vigt Nam<br />
mang 'Viet Nam bfldc vdo thcti k^ ca nu6c trong thdi chi^n da cdt giam manh vign tr^,<br />
qua dp ti^n Ign chu nghia xa h$i. Nhiing nhd't Id cac nhu yeu ph^m. Phan phm theo<br />
ndm tfl 1975 den 1980, bgn canh mot so dinh Ifldng khdng chi dp dung cho mien Bac<br />
thdnh tflu dat dfldc, nen kinh te Viet Nam md cdn cho ca miln Nam. Tinh trang "ngdn<br />
ldm vdo tinh trang tri trg. Thu nhdp quoc song cd'm chd" (sin ph£m Idm ra, k l ca sau<br />
ddn tfl 1976 dg'n 1980 chi tdng 1,6% trong khi hodn thanh nghia vu doi vdi nhd nUdc,<br />
khi mflc tdng dan so cflng k^ Id 9,2%. Tinh khong dfldc Iifu thong tfl do, md phai ban<br />
hinh kinh t^ - xa hoi rd't kh6 khdn. Nhi^u cho Nhd nfldc theo gid chi dao) tilp tuc<br />
nhu cdu toi thilu cua ngflcfi dan khong dxtOc dfldc dp dung trgn ca nfldc, cdng ldm cho<br />
dap iJtng. Ndm 1980 Nhd nfldc phai nhdp hdng hda thgm khan hiem vd triet tigu<br />
1.576.000 tdn Ifldng thflc. Binh quan Ifldng dong Iilc san xud't cua ngfldi lao dong. Gia<br />
thflc d i u ngflcfi giam. Cac mdt hdng thiet hdng hda ban phan phdi do Nhd nfldc dinh<br />
y^u khac cflng hi giam manh. Thu chi ngan ra qua re, trong khi gid ''chd den" lai cao<br />
sdch md't can doi nghigm trong. Gia ca tdng gd'p nhieu lin, gay ra nhilu tigu cflc trong<br />
nhanh theo tflng ndm: ndm 1976 tdng phan phoi Iifti thong. Thdi k^ nay Viet Nam<br />
128%, ndm 1977: 117%, ndm 1978: 120,9%, gdp nhilu khd khdn vl ngoai giao, bi bao<br />
ndm 1979: 119,4%, ndm 1980: 125% (1). vdy c^m vdn kinh te, bi cdc the lflc thfl dich<br />
Tfl ti-fl6c ngdy giai ph6ng mig'n Nam, tien hdnh cudc chien tranh phd hoai nhilu<br />
nhdn dan mien Bdc da song trong kh6 mdt. Dd't nUdc nghdo khd sau chiln tranh<br />
khdn, the hien bing viec hdng loat cac mdt v i n phai tiep tuc ging minh cho nhflng chi<br />
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' TS. Hoc vign Chinh tri - Hdnh chinh Quoc gia Ho Chi Mflih<br />
9u6 Mnh Biyc h i ^ chfl tnrong... 43<br />
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phi qudn sfl do phai bao dam mdt so Ifldng thudn ddl vdi hang ndng san, thflc phim vd<br />
qudn thfldng trflc du d l bao vg bign gidi vd ban hdng theo gid thoa thudn doi vdi hdng<br />
giflp nhdn ddn Campuehia thoat khoi hoa tigu dflng. Vdi phfldng thflc ndy. Long An<br />
diet chung, xay dflng vd bao vg chinh quyin chuyin tfl thu t h u l bdng hien vdt sang thu<br />
non tre. t h u l biing tiln, chuyin tfl mua ndng san,<br />
Ld mdt nude ndng nghiep vdi hai vfla lua thilc phim theo gia chi dao sang mua theo<br />
ldn Id Dong b^ng sdng Hong vd Dong bang gia thda thudn, chuyin tfl phdn phoi hdng<br />
sdng Cflu Long, nhflng Vigt Nam lai lam theo gia chi dao cho nhilng ngfldi thuoc<br />
vdo tinh trang thieu Ifldng thflc. Ndm 1928, dign cung cd'p sang ban hdng theo gid xd'p<br />
xud't khiu gao vd phu phim gao cua Viet XI thi trfldng vd ban rpng rai cho nhdn ddn<br />
Nam dd dat 1,798 trigu td'n, quy ra thdc Id (4). Day Id each lam chu dpng, sang tao cua<br />
2,390 tri^u td'n (2). Ndm 1963, rieng miln Tinh uy Long An do sfl thdi thflc cua thflc<br />
Nam dat san Ifldng lua Id 5,327 trigu td'n vd tiin d dia phfldng.<br />
xud't k h i u dfltjc 296.000 td'n (3). Din khi n . Quyet d i n h lam cho san x u a t "bung<br />
dd't nfldc thdng nhd't, cdc tinh Dong b i n g r a " cua D a n g Cong san Viet Nam<br />
sdng Cflu Long phai ban gao theo tieu Thang 8-1979, Dang Cdng san Vidt Nam<br />
chuin, dinh Ifldng cho nhdn dan vd can hg. da hpp Hdi nghi Tnmg fldng lin thfl 6<br />
Ddy Id dilu bd't h