Quan hệ an ninh - chính trị Việt Nam với Lào và Campuchia giai đoạn 1991 đến nay

QUAN HE A]\ NENK - CHII^n TRI VIET NAM V d l<br /> ^'<br /> LAO VA CAMPrCHIA GIAI DOAN 1991 BEM MAY<br /> <br /> <br /> TRAN XUAN HlfiP*<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> te' ldn khu vflc, bao trum len mpi mat ddi<br /> Quan he Viet Nam vdi Ldo vd<br /> Campuchia tren linh vflc an ninh - sd'ng chinh tri, kinh te', van hda, xa hdi cua<br /> chinh tri dUdc hinh thdnh, cung cd' va phdt tflng qud'c gia, dan tdc. Tren thflc te', xu the<br /> trien tfl rd't sdm, trai qua cdc giai doan lich da cflc hod chinh tri vd todn cdu hod kinh<br /> sfl dflng nfldc vd gifl nfldc, ddc biet trong te' dang ngdy cdng phdt trien. Chu nghia ba<br /> thdi ky khdng chie'n chd'ng thflc dan Phdp quyln vdn phdt huy tac dung, vi vdy hdp<br /> vd de qudc My xdm lUdc. Qua trinh hinh tdc vd kilm che' ldn nhau da trd thdnh ndt<br /> thdnh, phat trien cua mdi quan he dd dUpc ddc trflng ldn nhd't trong quan he gifla cac<br /> bdt ngudn tfl nhflng nhan td' ve dia ly, lich nfldc ldn. Dilu dd tac ddng rd't ldn de'n quan<br /> sii, van hda, xd bdi va dflpc tang cUdng bdi he an ninh - chinh tri cua Viet Nam vdi Lao<br /> chinh sach doi ngoai lang gilng truyin vd Campuchia.<br /> thd'ng tdt dep gifla ba nfldc. Ben canh dd,<br /> Ben canh xu hudng hod binh hdp tac,<br /> quan he an ninh - chinh tri gifla ba qud'c gia,<br /> tren linh viic an ninh - chinh tri tren the'<br /> ddn tpc cdn chiu nhilu tac dpng cua boi canh<br /> gidi vdn cdn tdn tai nhilu nguy cd tilm dn<br /> qudc te vd khu viic. TrUdc sii bien ddi nhanh<br /> cua chien tranh vd xung dot. Cac vd'n de<br /> chdng cua tinh hinh the'gidi, xu the toan cdu<br /> "ndng" tren the' gidi vdn dien ra hdng ngdy<br /> boa, khu viic hda ngay cdng phat trien, do<br /> nhu chie'n tranh khu viic, xung dot ton<br /> dd ca ba quoc gia deu xem an ninh - chinh<br /> gido, sdc tpc, tranh chd'p bien gidi... cung<br /> tri la linh viic dUdc Uu tien va la moi quan<br /> vdi nhflng thdch thflc an ninh phi truyin<br /> tdm hang ddu trong quan he ba nUdc.<br /> thd'ng ngdy mdt gia tang sflc dp len cac chu<br /> Budc vdo the ky XXI, the gidi dang vdn the qud'c gia.<br /> dpng theo nhflng xu hfldng ma nhieu qud'c Chidn tranh lanh ke't thuc da triet tieu<br /> gia, dac biet la nhflng nfldc di sau nhfl Viet nguy cd ddi ddu gifla Ddng - Tay va Ddng<br /> Nam, Ldo vd Campuchia kho cd the cUdng Nam A dupc giai phong khdi ganh nang vd<br /> lai nhu todn cdu hod, xd bdi thdng tin, each moi de doa dd. Vd'n dd Campuchia Id mpt<br /> mang khoa hpc cdng nghe, kinh te tri vd'n d l phflc tap dd dfldc cpng ddng the gidi<br /> thflc... Thach thflc cua toan cdu hod dien ra vd Viet Nam, Campuchia cung phoi hdp<br /> ngay cdng manh me tren ca binh dien quo'c giai quye't thoa dang. Thang 10-1991, Hiep<br /> <br /> <br /> •Th.S. Khoa KHXH&NV - Dai hoc Duy Tan, Di Ning<br /> Quanh^ an ninh - chfnh hi. 53<br /> <br /> dinh Paris ve Campuchia dUdc ky ke't, md ngoai giao la sfl nha't tri cao gifla hai Dang<br /> ra kha nang cdc nU6c Dong DUdng hpi nhdp tren td't ca cac vd'n d l cd ban cua each<br /> vdo ASEAN vd the gidi. Trong qud trinh mang hai nfldc, dfldc danh dd'u bdng nhflng<br /> ddy sdi dpng cua Dong Nam A, ASEAN da cudc trao ddi thfldng ky hang nam gifla hai<br /> chuyen tfl ASEAN 5 thanh ASEAN 10, tfl Bd chinh tri. Tfl nam 1990 trd lai day, cdc<br /> mdt td chflc.mang tinh phdng ngfla, cd luc nhd lanh dao cd'p cao cua Dang, Nhd nfldc<br /> ddi ddu vdi ba nUdc Ddng DUdng da trd hai nfldc da cd n h i l u chuyen vieng tham<br /> thanh mdt cdng ddng hod hdp cung phat ldn nhau nhdm trao ddi kinh nghiem v l cdc<br /> trien. Tuy nhien, Ddng Nam A ndi chung linh vflc quan ly nhd nUdc, xdy diing Dang,<br /> va ba nUdc Viet Nam, Lao va Campuchia xdy diing nen kinh te' thi trUdng theo dinh<br /> ndi rieng vdn ludn tdn tai nhflng mdm hudng xa hdi chii nghia da tao ra hieu qua<br /> mdng bd't dn. Do cd n h i l u ton giao va van thiet thiic. Trong chuyen tham Lao (8-<br /> hod khdc nhau cung sd'ng xen ke, nen de cd 1992), Tdng Bi thU Do Mudi da ra tuyen bd<br /> kha ndng xay ra nhflng cudc ndi ddy, xung khang dinh: "Hai nUdc cdn thiei phdi cung<br /> dot vdi quy md nhd d nhilu ndi. Sfl bdt dn cd chd't lupng vd hiiu qud cua viic hdp tdc<br /> dinh ve xa hpi cung de cd kha nang lam xay trong hiep udc hdu nghi, dodn ke't ddc biet<br /> ra nhflng cudc dau tranh d nhiing khu vflc vd sii hdp tdc todn diin trong tinh hinh,<br /> kinh te chdm phat trien nhfl Mianma, Ldo, dieu kien cua hai nUdc vd trin nguyen tdc<br /> Philippin, Campuchia... O nhieu ndi, dfldng gid nen dpc lap chu quyen, binh ddng vd<br /> bien gidi chfla dfldc hoach dinh ro rang nen cdc ben deu co ldi nhU nhau..." (1). Tie'p ndi<br /> cd kha ndng tdi phdt thanh cupc tranh truyen thd'ng quy bdu dd, trong nhflng nam<br /> chd'p lanh thd gifla cac nfldc. Tinh trang gdn day, cac chuyen vieng thdm ldn nhau<br /> tranh chd'p d Bien Ddng, nan khung bd^ vd cua cac nha lanh dao bai Dang, hai Nhd<br /> cac thach thflc an ninh phi truyen thd'ng nfldc ngdy cdng dfldc tang cUdng. Ndm<br /> ngdy cdng gia tang manh me. Ngoai ra, 2002, Chu tich nUdc Cdng hda Dan chu<br /> viec cac nfldc ldn tranh gianh anh hfldng Nhan dan Lao Khamtay Xinphandon da<br /> tai khu vflc Ddng Nam A cung dat cac nfldc tham hflu nghi chinh thflc nUdc ta. Phdt<br /> trfldc nhflng thach thflc nghiem trpng. Ta't bieu trong chuyen tham Viet Nam ldn nay,<br /> ca nhiing va'n d l neu tren budc Viet Nam, Chu tich coi dd la minh chflng cho viec that<br /> Lao vd Campuchia cdn cd nhiing chinh chat quan he Viet - Lao va nhd'n manh:<br /> sach ddi ngoai dung ddn, ddng thdi phai "Chung tdi khdng dinh se tii'p tuc hdp tdc<br /> tiep tuc cd nhflng lien ket chat che trong vdi Bdng, Nhd nUdc vd nhdn ddn Viet Nam<br /> quan he an ninh - chinh tri nhdm gifl vflng anh em, ldm hit sdc minh de gid gin vd<br /> dn dinh vd phat trien kinh te' - xa hpi cua phdt trien moi quan hi hdu nghi dodn kei<br /> mdi nfldc. ddc biit vd sii hdp tdc todn dien Viet -<br /> Ldo..." (2). Viec lanh dao cd'p cao hai nfldc<br /> 1. Quan he an n i n h - chinh trj Viet thfldng xuyen tham vieng cung nhU cac<br /> Nam vdi Lao cudc gap thudng xuyen diin ra cua cdc cd<br /> quan Idnh dao hai Dang cdng lam tang<br /> Sau khi gidnh dfldc ddc Idp, cung vdi xu<br /> cUdng sii hieu bidt, tin cdy ldn nhau, tao ra<br /> the' hod binh hdp tdc ngdy cdng rpng md<br /> sU nhd't tri v l cdc vd'n d l cd ban cua dUdng<br /> trong quan he qudc te, quan he Viet Nam<br /> ldi chie'n lUdc, sdch lUdc cua mdi nUdc ciing<br /> vdi Lao cung co nhflng cd hpi phat triln v l<br /> nhu cdc vdn d l qudc te quan trpng, ddng<br /> moi mat. Noi bat trong quan he chinh tri.<br /> 54 Rghien curu Lich sJr. sd 6.2010<br /> <br /> thdi nang cao hieu qua cua sii hdp tac hflu Tfl nhflng nam 90 the ky XX, de tao dilu<br /> nghi. Tdng Bi thfl Ndng Dflc Manh (10- kien thudn ldi hdn trong viec dam bao an<br /> 2006), dd k h i n g dinh: "Trong quan hi qudc ninh - chinh tri mdi nUdc cung nhU khu viic<br /> ti', that hii'm cP mPi quan hi ndo thdm trUdc tdc ddng mdi cua boi canh qud'c te vd<br /> thiei, ben vdng, thuy chung nhU quan he hodn thien cac quy dinh v l quan ly bien<br /> Viet - Ldo... trd thdnh moi quan hi mdu gidi, hai ben da ky ke't Hiep dinh v l quy<br /> mUc trong sdng, la tdi sdn vP gid cua hai che bien gidi Viet Nam - Lao ngdy 1-3-1990<br /> Ddng, hai ddn tpc vd Id quy ludt phdt triin, vd Nghi dinh thU bd sung Hipp dinh v l quy<br /> mpt nhdn to' dam bdo thdng ldi cua sU che' bien gidi Viet Nam - Lao ngay 31-8-<br /> nghiep xdy diing vd bdo vi TP qudc..." (3). 1991. Tfl nam 1991-1997 hai ben da thflc<br /> Thdng qua cac chuyen thdm nay da tang hien 7 cudc hpp thfldng nien gifla hai dodn<br /> cfldng sfl hieu bie't, tin cdy ldn nhau, thuc dai bieu bien gidi Viet - Ldo nhdm ddnh<br /> diy hdp tdc hflu nghi khong ngflng phat gid, kiem diem cong tdc phdi hpp gifla hai<br /> trien gifla Viet Nam vd Ldo. Dung nhfl ldi ben trong qua trinh thflc hien Hiep dinh.<br /> phat bieu ciia Thu tUdng Chinh phu Ldo Tai cudc hpp thudng nien ldn thfl VII td<br /> Bua Xdn Bup Pha Vdn nhdn dip ky niem chflc tai Hue (27-31/8/1997), hai ben da ky<br /> 45 nam thiet Idp quan he ngoai giao gifla Nghi dinh thfl sfla ddi vd bd sung Hiep<br /> haj nUdc (1962-2007): "Ddng, Nhd nUdc vd dinh v l quy che bien gidi qud'c gia Viet<br /> nhdn ddn Ldo vo cung tU hao nhdn thdy Nam - Lao ngdy 1-3-1990. Tai Dilu 2 cua<br /> hai nUdc chung ta dd hdp tdc vd phoi hdp Nghi dinh da ghi ro: "Hai ben ky ke't co bien<br /> chat che trong linh vUc chinh tri. Hai Ddng, phdp kien quyei ngdn chdn mgi hdnh dpng<br /> hai Nhd nUdc thUdng xuyen trao ddi, gap gd khPng cho phep ben ndo tuy tiin xdy dUng<br /> nen da hieu biii vd tin cay nhau sdu sdc. them bdt cd cong trinh gi trong phg.m vi<br /> Do Id dieu kien thudn ldi de tdng cUdng 100 (mpt trdm) met cdch dUdng bien gidi ve<br /> quan he hdp tdc todn dien, dac biit Id ve an moi bin. Ne'u bin ndo co nhu cdu xdy dUng<br /> ninh, qudc phong, ngoai giao, kinh te, vdn trong pham vi noi tren, phdi thdng bdo vd<br /> hod, khoa hgc - ky thuat dat hiiu qud thiet trao doi trUdc vdi phia ben kia tren cd sd ton<br /> thUc hdn" (4). trgng chu quyen, ldi ich cua nhau, phu hdp<br /> vdi cdc diiu kien vd hodn cdnh thiic te'' (5).<br /> Ngodi kenh ngoai giao chinh thflc gifla Ddng chu y, tfl nam 1995 den 2003 hai ben<br /> hai Dang, hai Nhd nUdc, quan he ngoai da phdi hdp xdy dflng ban dd ky thuat sd'<br /> giao Viet Nam - Lao cdn cd sU ddng gdp hien dai v l dfldng bien gidi qud'c gia Viet -<br /> quan trpng cua kenh ngoai giap nhan ddn. Lao ty le 1/50.000 phuc vu cho cdng tac<br /> Dd la sU hdp tac gifla cdc ngdnh, cac cdp, quan ly bien gidi. Day Id mdt viec lam cd y<br /> cdc tinh ke't nghia, cac dia phfldng dpc theo nghia an ninh - chinh tri het sflc to ldn, gdp<br /> bien gidi, cac cd quan dodn the qudn chung phdn Cling cd' mdi quan he hflu nghi ddc<br /> cua nhan dan hai nfldc. biet Viet - Ldo. Tfl 8 cfla k h I u chinh theo<br /> De dam bao hod binh, hflu nghi va dn Hiep dinh quy che' bien gidi ky nam 1990,<br /> dinh ldu ddi, gdp phdn dfla quan he an de'n nam 2007 hai ben da phdi hdp md ndng<br /> ninh - chinh tri Viet Nam vdi Lao len bfldc cd'p dfldc 6 cfla k h I u qud'c te, 5 cfla khdu<br /> phdt trien mdi thi viec giai quyet vd'n d l chinh vd 14 ciia khdu phu, dap flng nhu<br /> hoach dinh vd cdm mdc bien gidi quoc gia cdu giao Iflu qua lai bien gidi gifla hai nfldc<br /> Id mdt trong nhflng nhiem vu quan trpng. vd phuc vu tich cUc cho cdng cupc phat<br /> Quan M an ninh - chfnh tn... 55<br /> <br /> trien kinh te - xa hdi, cung cd' toan dien 6-2002, Chu nhiem tdng cue chinh tri quan<br /> quan he an ninh - chinh tri gifla hai nUdc dpi Ldo tham Viet Nam. Ddng thdi hai<br /> cung nhu cac dia phUdng dpc hai ben bien chinh phu, hai bp quoc phdng, an ninh da<br /> gidi. Ddnh gia nhflng thdnh tiiu dat dfldc ky ke't nhilu Hiep dinh, Nghi dinh thU<br /> trong qua trinh phan gidi vd cdm mdc trong dd cd npi dung v l an ninh qud'c<br /> dfldng bien gidi Viet Nam - Ldo, dodn dai phdng. Tfl 1991 den 2001, hang nam Lao<br /> bidu chinh phu hai nUdc da neu ro: "Hai gid sang Viet Nam bdi dUdng vd dao tao<br /> ben rdt vui miing nhdn thdy rdng, trong khoang 120-150 can bd cac ngdnh, cdc cd'p.<br /> qud trinh phdn vg.ch cu thedudng biin gidi Hien dang cd cdc nghien cflu sinh, hpc vien<br /> tren thUc dia, nhving trUdng hdp kho khdn cao hpc quan sii, chinh tri, hdu cdn Ldo<br /> do lich sd delai, do dia hinh riing nui hiem dang hpc tap tai Viet Nam. Hien nay, Viet<br /> trd gdy ra, deu dUdc gidi quyit tdt trin cd sd Nam giup Ldo ddo tao cdn bp cdc nganh<br /> hodn todn nhdt tri, ton trgng ldn nhau, vda (khoang 600 ngUdi/ndm) chie'm khoang 60%<br /> ddm bdo nguyin tdc, vda dam bdo hdu tdng sd' vien trd khdng hodn lai cua Viet<br /> nghi, dam dd tinh nghia anh em, vi ldi ich Nam cho Lao. Trong hdp tac chd'ng budn<br /> cua mdi quan hi dac hiit Viet Nam - Ldo" ldu vd cdng tdc hai quan, tfl 1996 de'n 1997,<br /> (6). cac ddn vi bien phdng hai ben dd phdt hien<br /> 42 vu bat gifl 62 ddi tUdng, thu 9,05 kg<br /> V l hdp tdc ddi phd vdi nhflng thdch thflc thud'c phien; 1,4 kg herdin, 135 k h I u sung<br /> an ninh phi truyin thd'ng gifla hai nfldc qudn dung va 1437 vien dan cdc loai. Tai<br /> Viet - Lao vdn ludn la vd'n d l quan trpng vd Hdi nghi lan thfl V v l hdp tdc phdng chd'ng<br /> CO y nghia chien Ifldc, ddc biet la trong thdi ma tuy gifla Lao - Viet Nam - Campuchia<br /> ky ddi mdi va xay dflng chu nghia xa hdi ngdy 23-8-2005 d Vieng Chan, Bd trfldng<br /> cua ca hai nUdc. Linh vflc hdp tdc ndy da Xu Ban Xa Rit Thi Lat vd ThUdng tfldng Le<br /> dap flng yeu cdu gifl vflng dn dinh chinh tri The' Tiem da ky bien ban hpi nghi song<br /> vd an ninh qud'c gia, tao dilu kien thudn ldi phUdng lan thfl 6 v l kiem sodt ma tuy, chd't<br /> de phdt trien kinh te, gdp phdn gifl vflng hfldng thdn vd tien chdt ma tuy gifla Uy<br /> hod binh, dn dinh, hdp tdc vd phdt trien ban Qud'c gia kiem soat va quan ly ma tuy<br /> cua mdi nfldc va cua ca khu vflc. Trong giai Ldo va Uy ban Qud'c gia phdng chd'ng AIDS<br /> doan 1991 - 2007, Viet Nam vd Ldo da phdi vd phdng chd'ng te nan ma tuy, mai dam<br /> hdp cd hieu qua trong viec ban che vd triet Viet Nam.<br /> tieu nhflng thach thflc an ninh phi truyin<br /> thd'ng ngay cdng gia tang nhfl chd'ng budn Ben canh dd, Viet Nam vd Ldo cdn phdi<br /> lau, ma tuy, budn ngfldi, tdi pham xuyen hdp nhip nhdng trong viec giai quye't cac<br /> qudc gia, chd'ng mpi am mUu "diin bien boa vd'n d l ldi ich hai nUdc trong quan he vdi<br /> binh" cua cac the' lUc phan ddng... Hai ben khu viic va quoc td, nhd't la trong viec dUa<br /> thudng xuyen td chflc cac cudc gap gd trao ra nhilu ke hoach bien phap td chflc hdi<br /> ddi kinh nghiem nhdm dd ra chu trUdng nghi, hdi thao bdn v l Hanh lanh Ddng -<br /> dudng ldl va dinh hUdng hpp tac. Chang Tdy, Tam giac phat trien, phoi hdp trong<br /> ban, thdng 2-2001 Bd trUdng qud'c phdng Tieu vung song Me Kong... md ra giai doan<br /> vd thang 5-2001, Bp trUdng cdng an Viet mdi hfldng tdi xay diing cdng ddng ASEAN<br /> Nam tham Ldo. Thdng 6-2001, Bd trUdng vao nam 2015. Sii phdi hdp cua nganh ddi<br /> qud'c phdng Ldo Duong Chay Chi, va thang ngoai hai nUdc da tao ra cd hpi ldn de mdi<br /> 56 Rghien curu Lich siSr. sd 6.2010<br /> <br /> nUdc cd the tham gia ngay cdng sau rdng Ddng Nam A. Phd Thu tudng kiem Bd<br /> hdn vdo quan he qud'c td, tao ra ddng liic de trudng ngoai giao Pham Gia Khiem da<br /> Viet Nam vdi Ldo cung nhau tham gia tich nhd'n manh: "...Chung ta khdng dinh quyei<br /> cUc vd chu ddng hdn nfla tai cdc dien ddn tdm khdng ngUng tdng cUdng vd phdt trien<br /> qud'c te vd khu vflc; gdp phdn ndng cao vi manh me hdn nda quan hi hdu nghi truyen<br /> the, vai trd vd uy tin cua mdi nfldc tren the thdng vd hdp tdc todn diin Viet Nam -<br /> gidi, gdp phdn vdo sfl nghiep hod binh, hflu Campuchia, ddp dng nguyin vgng vd ldi<br /> nghi vd phdt trien dang la xu the chung ich cua nhdn ddn hai nUdc, gop phdn tich<br /> cua thdi dai ngay nay. cUc vdo hod binh dn dinh, hdp tdc vd phdt<br /> 2. Q u a n h e a n n i n h - c h i n h t r i Viet trien dkhu vUc vd trin thi'gidi" (7).<br /> N a m vdi C a m p u c h i a V l vd'n d l bien gidi lanh thd: Id hai qud'c<br /> Trong qud trinh phdt trien, ddc biet gia lang gilng cd lich s^ quan he tfl ldu ddi,<br /> trong giai doan tfl 1991 de'n 2007, mdi quan Viet Nam vd Campuchia cd chung dfldng<br /> he an ninh - chinh tri gifla hai nfldc cang bien gidi tren dd't lien ddi 1.137 km. Do dd,<br /> dfldc md rdng vd that chat. Hai ben da thflc vd'n d l bien gidi ludn dfldc hai ben quan<br /> hien nhilu chuyen tham vieng lan nhau. tdm vd tao mpi dilu kien de giai quye't dn<br /> Dac biet, chuyen tham cua Td'ng Bi thfl thoa. Trong thdi gian qua, Viet Nam va<br /> Dang Cdng san Viet Nam Le Kha Phieu Campuchia da tflng bfldc dat vdn d l cai<br /> vao thang 6-1999 la mdc son md ra mdt giai thien mdi quan he v l bien gidi lanh thd.<br /> doan mdi trong quan he gifla hai nfldc vdi Ngay 17-1-1995, hai ben da ky thdng cao<br /> phUdng chdm 16 chfl vdng "Hdp tdc Idng bao chi Viet Nam - Campuchia, tai Dilu 8<br /> gieng tdt dep, dodn ket hdu nghi truyen cd ghi r5: "Hai ben thod thudn trong khi chd<br /> thdng, Pn dinh ldu ddi" ldm dinh hudng cho ddi gidi quyei nhdng van de cdn ton tg,i vi<br /> quan he hai nUde trong the ky XXI. Viet bien gidi thi duy tri sU qudn ly hien nay...<br /> Nam dd tang cUdng quan he td't dep vdi cdc khong thay doi, xe dich cdc cpt mdc bien<br /> dang phai, to chflc chinh tri, xa hpi cua gidi, gido due khdng cte nhdn ddn xdm<br /> Campuchia nhdm the hien ro thien chi cua canh, xdm cU vd hdp tdc gid gin trdt tU an<br /> Viet Nam, gop phdn diy liii cac the liic thu ninh biin gidi" (8). Tren da phdt trien mdi<br /> dich chd'ng Viet Nam. Trong nhflng nam quan he hai nUdc, ngay 10-10-2005 tai Ha<br /> qua, cdc cupc gap g6, trao ddi cd'p cao dfldc Ndi, Thu tudng Phan Van Khai vd Thu<br /> tang cudng; cdc dodn di tham, trao ddi lam tudng Hun Xen thay mat chinh phu hai<br /> viec d cac bp, nganh, doan the qudn chung nudc da ky Hipp Udc bd sung Hiep Udc<br /> va cac dia phUdng hai nUdc, nhd't Id cac hoach dinh bien gidi qud'c gia ndm 1985<br /> tinh cd chung bien gidi ngdy cang tang, gop nhdm di tdi hodn thien vdn ban phdp quy<br /> phan tang cUdng mdi quan he ngdy cdng v l bien gidi. Viec Hiep Udc bd sung di vdo<br /> sdu sdc, chan thdnh vd gdn bd gifla Viet thiic t i i n da tao dieu kien khdi dpng lai qua<br /> Nam va Campuchia. Dfla tren nIn tang trinh phan gidi cdm mdc bi gian doan gdn<br /> quan he hflu nghi td^t dep sdn cd, Chinh 20 nam qua, gdp phdn tang cUdng quan he<br /> phu hai nUdc dd vd dang nd liic tao mpi an ninh - chinh tri Viet Nam vdi Campchia.<br /> dieu kien thuan ldi de cung nhau bao ve va Nhflng nd liic cua hai ben da budc ddu dUa<br /> xay diing dd't nUdc, vi sii thinh vUdng den nhflng ket qua td't dep, ngay 27-9-2006,<br /> chung cua mdi nUdc va cua ca khu vUc cot md^c 171 ddu tien dupc cdm tai cua khIu<br /> 9uan hg an ninh - chfnh tri... 57<br /> <br /> Mdc Bai - Ba Vet. Phat bieu tai budi le Trong tinh hinh ddi mdi dd't nUdc nhflng<br /> khanh thanh, Thu tUdng Nguyen Ta'n nam gdn day, trong bdi canh mdi quan he<br /> Dung nha'n manh: "Viec khdnh thdnh cpt hai nfldc dang dien ra mdt cdch td't dep.<br /> moc cda khdu quo'c ti'Mpc Bdi - Bd Vet sau Dac biet Id sau cac chuyen di tham ldn<br /> chUa ddy mpt ndm ke td khi Viet Nam vd nhau cua lanh dao cao ca'p hai Nhd nfldc,<br /> Campuchia ky hiep Udc bd sung Hiep Udc hai Chinh phii Viet Nam va Campuchia,<br /> hoach dinh biin gidi ndm 1985 the hien nd cudc sd'ng cua cdng ddng ngfldi Viet da cd<br /> lUc cua hai ben trong viic cu thi hod Hiep nhflng thay ddi, ngdy cang td't dep hdn.<br /> udc bo sung" (9). Binh luan sfl kien ndy, ddi Ngdy 24-3-2003, Bd ndi vu Campuchia da<br /> truyin hinh Apsara ciia Campuchia cung cho phdp thanh Idp 19/24 chi hdi Viet kilu<br /> da nhd'n manh: "...Viec cdm mdc bien gidi la trong ca nUdc, tao dieu kien phdp ly thudn<br /> mpt minh chdng hung hon cho thdnh qud ldi de Viet kieu hoat ddng hdp phap vd sinh<br /> hdp tdc to ldn gida hai chinh phu Viet Nam sd'ng. Tao khdng gian cdi md cho mdi quan<br /> vd Campuchia trong viic gidi quyei vdn di he hai nUdc khi tie'p tuc di sau giai quye't<br /> biin gidi chung vd dUdc dU ludn trong vd vdn d l ndy. Vdi t r u y i n thd'ng dodn ke't va<br /> ngodi nUdc ddnh gid cao" (10). Ddy la sfl sii tin tudng ldn nhau, qua trinh di len<br /> kien dac biet quan trpng md ra thdi ky hdp trong mdi quan he hai nUde se gdp phdn to<br /> tdc va phat trien nhanh chdng trong viec ldn giai quye't td't dep vd'n d l Viet kilu tai<br /> giai quyet ro rdng bien gidi gifla hai nfldc, dd't nUdc Campuchia, dUa quan he an ninh<br /> tao dilu kien phap ly tren thflc tiin cho - chinh tri hai nUdc tien them mdt bUdc dai.<br /> hdp tac, dn dinh, hod binh vd phdt trien Nhu ldi phdt bieu cua Phd Chu nhiem Uy<br /> khu viic. Hai ben quye't tdm hoan thdnh ban ve ngUdi Viet Nam d nUdc ngoai Trdn<br /> viec cdm 100 cdt mdc trong nam 2007. Quang Hoan da ndi: "Diiu quan trgng nhdt<br /> la bdn thdn cpng dPng cua chung ta d<br /> Rieng v l bien gidi bien, hai ben da thd'ng<br /> Campuchia tdng cUdng tinh thdn tU lap<br /> nha't tie'n hanh dam phan giai quye't nhflng<br /> vUdn lin, gdn bo hP trd ldn nhau, thiic sU<br /> quan diem hai ben chfla tim dUdc tieng ndi<br /> hod nhap vdi cU ddn vd tPn trgng ludt phdp<br /> chung. Dilu nay gay ra nhilu khd khan,<br /> nUdc sd tgi vd ddc biit ludn hUdng vi que<br /> thdch thflc vdi hai nfldc khi thiic hien quan<br /> hUdng" (11).<br /> ly bien gidi tren bien, cung nhU trong cdng<br /> tdc phdng chd'ng tdi pham budn ldu, budn Trong vd'n d l hdp tdc ddi phd vdi nhiing<br /> ban ma tuy, nan vUdt bien trai phdp, danh thach thflc an ninh phi truyen thdiig gifla<br /> bat thuy hai san... hai nfldc cung dat dflpc nhilu thdnh tflu<br /> V l vd'n d l ngUdi Viet Nam tai dang ke. Viet Nam vd Campuchia da cd<br /> Campuchia: NgUdi Viet Nam sang dinh cU nhflng hpp tac chat che nhdm ddi phd vdi<br /> tai Campuchia tfl rat lau ddi vd hp dd trd nhflng thdch thflc an ninh phi truyen<br /> thdnh nhflng cdng dan Campuchia thflc sfl, thd'ng ngay cdng ndi trdi. Hai ben tiep tuc<br /> ddng gdp vdo qua trinh xdy dflng vd phdt tdng cfldng hdp tdc trong cac linh vflc trao<br /> trien ciia dd't nfldc Chua Thdp. Tuy nhien, ddi thdng tin, kinh nghiem, dao tao phdi<br /> tinh hinh chinh tri tai Campuchia lai cd hpp bao ve bien gidi, ngan chan sU xdm<br /> anh hudng rd't ldn den ddi sd'ng cua Viet nhdp vd phd hoai cua cdc the liic thu dich,<br /> kilu cung nhu tac dpng khdng nhd den mdi chd'ng am mUu dien bien hod binh, phdng<br /> quan he an ninh - chinh tri gifla hai nUdc. chong toi pham, chd'ng khung bd^... Ngdy<br /> 58 Rghien curu Lich sJr. sd 6.2010<br /> <br /> 14-3-1997, Hipp diiih gifla Bd ndi vu VUdng lao va sfl ddng gdp tich cflc da dat dfldc<br /> qud'c Campuchia va Bd ndi vu nUdc Cdng trong boat ddng kiem soat cha't kich thich<br /> hda Xa hdi Chu nghia Viet Nam v l hdp tac Amphetamin (ATS) thdng qua cac cd che<br /> phdng chd'ng tdi pham da dupc ky ket. Day hdp tac song phfldng, tieu vung, khu vflc vd<br /> la sU kien md ddu trong quan hd an ninh qudc td phdng chd'ng ma tuy (13). Viet Nam<br /> gifla hai nfldc. Sau n h i l u bien phdp tich vd Campuchia cdn cd nhflng phdi hdp quan<br /> cflc cila ca hai ben trong giai quyet vdn d l trpng de tao dilu kien cho nhau phdt trien,<br /> thach thflc an ninh phi t r u y i n thd'ng, ngdy dac biet hai ben da thd'ng nhd't trong viec<br /> 10-10-2005, Chinh phu hai nfldc dd ky Hipp ddy manh tuyen truyin vd ngan chan<br /> dinh hdp tac song phfldng nhdm loai trfl tdi nhflng am mflu pha hoai sfl nghiep xdy<br /> pham budn ban phu nfl, tre em vd giup dd dflng ddt nfldc cua mdi ben, ddp tan mpi<br /> nan nhan bi budn bdn. Sau 3 nam thflc hdnh ddng tinh todn ngdy cdng thdm hiem<br /> hien Hiep dinh song phfldng Viet Nam - cua cdc the Iflc thu dich trong vd ngoai<br /> Campuchia, hai ben da phat hien 95 vu vdi nfldc.<br /> hdn 300 ddi tfldng cd hanh vi Ifla ban 331<br /> phu nfl, tre em qua 10 tinh bien gidi phia 3. Tac dpng cua quan he an ninh •<br /> Nam. Qua hdp tac dilu tra, cdc cd quan chinh tri Viet N a m vdi Lao va<br /> chflc nang Viet Nam - Campuchia kham Campuchia dd'i vdi ba nifdc v a khu vflc<br /> pha 75 vu, bat 240 ddi tfldng, giai cflu 38 Nhflng thanh tUu v l an ninh - chinh tri<br /> nan nhan, tie'p nhan, hd trd tai boa nhap cua rieng mdi nUdc, ciing nhU nhflng thdnh<br /> cdng ddng 215 phu nfl, tre em hi budn ban tUu cd dupc het sflc ldn lao cua sfl hdp tac<br /> trd v l Viet Nam (12). Mdt khdc, Viet Nam an ninh - chinh tri md ba nfldc da tao ra<br /> va Campuchia luon cd cdc cudc tie'p xuc, trong thdi gian qua da cung cd' them tinh<br /> thdng bao tinh hinh tdi pham ma tuy cua doan ket t r u y i n thdng cua ba dan tdc; ddng<br /> mdi nfldc, trao ddi kinh nghiem v l kiem thdi gdp phdn danh bai mpi am mflu pha<br /> soat ma tuy, nhd't la cdng tdc cai nghien, hoai sU nghiep xay diing da't nUdc ciia cac<br /> thd'ng nhd't tang cfldng hdn nfla viec phdi the Iflc thu dich trong vd ngodi nfldc, nang<br /> hdp phdng, chd'ng ma tuy gifla hai nfldc. cao uy tin va vi the ciia mdi qud'c gia tren<br /> Ddng thdi, hai ben cdn tang cfldng kha trfldng qud'c te'. Sii phdi hdp nhip nhdng<br /> nang hdp tac dao tao, budn luyen cho cac quan he an ninh - chinh tri tao dilu kien<br /> Iflc Ifldng phdng chdiig ma tuy ciia hai het sflc thudn ldi cho qua trinh giao Iflu<br /> nfldc. Viet Nam cung vdi Campuchia phdi hdp tac kinh te dfldc thdng sud't; an ninh<br /> hdp Lao da td chflc cdc hdi nghi v l hdp tac bien gidi dflpc cd ban gifl vflng, cac cudc<br /> phdng chd'ng ma tuy gifla ba nfldc. Tai hdi vieng tham ldn nhau da lam cho nhan ddn<br /> nghi ldn thfl V td chflc d Vieng Chdn ba nfldc hieu nhau hdn. Tren n I n tang dd,<br /> (2005), ba nfldc da ra thdng cao chung, cdc vd'n dd do lich sfl de lai gifla ba nUdc<br /> trong dd nhd'n manh cdn tang cfldng hdn cung ddn ddn dUdc thao gd; nha't Id vd'n d l<br /> nfla boat ddng hdp tdc phdng chd'ng ma tuy ve bien gidi, vd'n de Viet kilu tai<br /> tfl cd'p trung Udng den cd'p tinh vd huyen cd Campuchia va Khdme Nam Bp gifla Viet<br /> chung dudng bien gidi. Hpi nghi khang Nam va Campuchia dfldc hai ben tflng bfldc<br /> dinh lai cac cam ket chinh tri manh me va giai quydt vd dat dfldc nhflng thdnh tflu<br /> r5 rang cua ba chinh phu v l viec giai quyet dang kd. Ddng thdi, sfl hdp tac va ung hd<br /> vd'n de ma tuy cung nhU nhflng nd liic ldn ldn nhau ve mdt an ninh - chinh tri trong<br /> Quan M an ninh - chfnh hi... 59<br /> <br /> thdi gian ndy gop phdn to ldn vao cdng cudc nghiep phdt trien cua bdt cd quo'c gia ndo<br /> bao ve, xay diing vd ddi mdi cua mdi nUdc, tren the gidi" (14). Ngdy 26-11-2006, cudc<br /> cung nhu cung cd' nen hda binh vd phat hpp ldn hai gifla Thu tfldng ba nfldc tai<br /> trien cua khu viic Dong Nam A. Hdp tdc an Viet Nam da tdp trung vdo viec thda thudn<br /> ninh- chinh tri trong giai doan nay gifla phUdng hudng, bien phap cu the trong viec<br /> gifla Viet Nam vdi ldo vd Campuchia cd trien khai chUdng trinh "Tam giac phdt<br /> nhflng ndt mdi do sU thay ddi ciia tinh hinh trien Viet Nam - Lao - Campuchia" tren cd<br /> khu viic va the gidi. Hdp tdc an ninh - sd ke't hdp nhflng tilm ndng Id ldi the' s i n<br /> chinh tri ba nUdc tap trung vao viec dn cd cua mdi nfldc nhdm dUa 7 tinh thudc<br /> dinh xd hdi, ddy liii nhflng nguy cd xam hai khu viic bien gidi ba nUdc, vd'n ngheo nan,<br /> den ndn an ninh qud'c gia, hdp tac an ninh - chdm phat trien, dan tri th^p va cd tinh<br /> chinh tri gdn liln vdi hdp tac kinh te, van hinh an ninh vd cung phflc tap thanh mdt<br /> hda, xa hpi, an ninh - chinh tri gdn lien vdi khu vflc phdt trien b i n vflng. Trong Tuyen<br /> phdt trien dd't nfldc va con ngfldi... Thanh bd' chung dUa ra tai cudc hpp cao cdp Thu<br /> tUu hdp tdc an ninh - chinh tri gifla ba nfldc tudng ba nUdc (4-5/12/2006), da mdt ldn<br /> ngdy cdng md rdng va di vdo chieu sdu; nfla k h i n g dinh: "Viic xdy dUng thdnh cPng<br /> nhflng chuyen tham vieng trao ddi ldn Tam gidc phdt trien khong chi la bdng<br /> nhau da that chat hdn nfla quan he nhdn chdng thiet thiic minh chdng cho no lUc cua<br /> dan ba nUdc, tao khdng khi cdi md de ba ba nUdc Campuchia, Ldo vd Viet Nam<br /> nUdc di de'n giai quye't triet de nhiing vd'n trong viic vun ddp, tdng cUdng quan he hdp<br /> d l cdn vUdng mdc trong quan he. Mat khac, tdc, hdu nghi vd dodn ke't truyin tho'ng<br /> cdn nhdm ddi phd hieu qua vdi nhflng gida ba nUdc, md cdn dong gop tich cUc<br /> thach thflc an ninh phi t r u y i n thd'ng ngay cung cd hda binh, dn dinh, hpi nhdp vd<br /> cang gia tang tren dien rpng... phdt trien trong Tieu viing Me KPng vd khu<br /> vUc" (15). Cho den nay, Tam giac phdt trien<br /> Trong giai doan hien nay, Viet Nam vdi da thflc sfl di vdo cdc boat ddng thflc tiin.<br /> Lao vd Campuchia d i u nhd'n manh den hai Vdi viec hinh thanh tam gidc phdt trien, ba<br /> nhiem vu xay dflng va bao ve td qud'c, vi the nfldc Viet Nam, Ldo vd Campuchia mpt<br /> phat trien kinh td cdng phai gdn vdi ndng mat tang cfldng hdp tac vdi nhau, mat khdc<br /> cao hieu qua cua hdp tac an ninh - chinh tang cfldng hdp tdc vdi cac nfldc trong khu<br /> tri, dd Id dieu k h i n g dinh dflt khodt trong vflc. Bieu hien cua nd la viec phdt trien<br /> mdi quan he toan dien gifla ba nfldc. Vdo thanh tfl giac phat trien Viet Nam - Ldo -<br /> thang 10-1999, Thu tfldng Viet Nam - Lao - Campuchia - Myanma (CLMV); hdp tac<br /> Campuchia da gdp nhau ldn ddu tien tai kinh te' ba ddng sdng Ayeyawady -<br /> Vieng Chan de cung dfla ra y tudng chung Chaophraya - Me Kdng (ACMECS); hpp tac<br /> la hinh thanh mdt 'Tam giac phat trien" kinh te' tieu vung sdng Me Kdng (GMS)...<br /> gifla ba nUdc. "Tam gidc phat trien" chinh Tren cd sd dd, qud trinh hdp tac vd lien kdt<br /> la mdt budc phat trien mdi trong quan he khu viic khdng ngflng dfldc d i y manh.<br /> hdp tac toan dien gifla ba nfldc; "la mpt<br /> chUdng trinh hdp tdc vi an ninh, qudc Ngdy nay, hdp tdc an ninh - chinh tri<br /> phong CO y nghia rdt ldn vdi sU phdt trien gifla Viet Nam vdi Lao vd Campuchia dang<br /> cua ba nUdc vi sU on dinh ve an ninh, quo'c gdp phdn cung vdi ASEAN tie'n tdi sii phat<br /> phong la ddi hoi cdp thiet nhd't doi vdi sii trien hai hda va ben vflng gifla kinh td, mdi<br /> 60 Rghien curu Lich sJr. sd 6.2010<br /> <br /> trfldng va xa hdi dfla tren tflng ddc trflng Nam vdi Ldo vd Campuchia phai ddi mdt<br /> mdi nfldc. Sfl t h i n g ldi trong quan he an vdi nhilu kho khan, thach thflc, nhd't Id<br /> ninh - chinh tri gifla ba dan tdc ndi chung, nhflng vdn d l do lich sii de lai gifla ba<br /> cung nhfl sfl t h i n g ldi trong quan he an nfldc, nhflng thach thflc an ninh phi truyin<br /> ninh - chinh tri cua cac thanh vien ASEAN thd'ng ngdy cang gia tang manh me. De tao<br /> ndi rieng vdi nhau da tao nen n I n tang sflc dilu kien thuan ldi giai quyet nhiing va'n<br /> manh an ninh toan dien, tflng bfldc dfla d l neu tren, Viet Nam vdi Ldo va<br /> Ddng Nam A trd thdnh "mdi nhd chung" Campuchia cdn phoi hdp thflc hien cdc bien<br /> vdi ddy du y nghia cua nd. phap hflu hieu, trong do chu trpng vdo viec<br /> Cd the ndi, hdn 15 ndm qua, quan he giao Iflu, trao ddi gifla nhdn dan ba nfldc,<br /> Viet Nam vdi Lao va Campuchia tren linh tdng cfldng hdp tac trong cac td chflc khu<br /> vflc an ninh - chinh tri dd dat dfldc n h i l u vflc va qud'c te. Cac ben da thflc hien<br /> thanh tflu quan trpng, gdp phdn vdo dn nghiem chinh nguyen t i c binh ding, hflu<br /> dinh vd phat trien cua moi qud'c gia, dan nghi trong quan he ba nfldc; tdn trpng dpc<br /> tdc, khu vflc, cung cd' vd tang cfldng hdn Idp, chu quyln va toan ven lanh thd, khdng<br /> nfla mdi quan he todn dien gifla ba nfldc. can thiep vdo cdng viec ndi bp cua nhau,<br /> Tuy nhien, ben canh nhflng thanh tUu dat phdn dd'u vi sfl phdn vinh cua mdi nUdc,<br /> dupc, quan he an ninh - chinh tri gifla Viet khu vUc vd the' gidi.<br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THICH<br /> (1). Khamsene Phammaseng (2002), "Quan hp (10). http://www.mofa.gov.vn/vi/nr "Cim<br /> Lao - Vipt Nam ve mat chfnh tri ngoai giao", moc bien gidi Vipt Nam - Campuchia la sfl<br /> TTKHXHNV Qudc gia, Tp. Vinh, tr. 6. kien lich sil".<br /> (2). Bao Nhdn ddn, ngky 15-5-2002. (11). "Ngfldi Vipt Nam trong long lang<br /> (3). BkoNhdn ddn, ngky 12-10-2006. gieng" (2007), Ky nipm 40 nam thiet lap quan<br /> (4). Phat bieu cila Thii tfldng Chfnh phil Lao hp ngopi giao Vipt Nam - Campuchia, D^c san<br /> Bua Xdn Bup Pha Van (2007), Dac san cua Bdo the cila Bdo The gidi vd Viet Nam, tr. 43.<br /> gidi vd Viet Nam, tr. 12.<br /> (12). http://www.tin 247.com/Vietnam<br /> (5). Gidi thipu cac van ban phap ly lien quan<br /> Campuchia-hop-tac-chong-buon-nguoi-<br /> de'n bien gidi va lanh thd', Tap chf Bien gidi vd<br /> 621348865.html "Vipt Nam- Campuchia hpp<br /> Lanh thd, so'4/1999, tr. 50.<br /> tac chong budn ngudi".<br /> (6). Dang Qudc Tuin, "Hpp tac Vipt Nam - Lao<br /> trong vipc giai quye't van de bien gidi, lanh thd'*', Vipn (13).http://www.mofa.gov.vn/vi/nr04080710<br /> Nghien cflu Ddng Nam A, Ha Npi, 2007, tr, 4-5. 4143/nr04087105001/ns05082414494/view<br /> (7). Pham Gia Khiem (2007), "Trien vpng td't "Vipt Nam - Lao - Campuchia that chat hpp tac<br /> dpp cua quan hp hflu nghi truyen thd'ng va hpp tac chd'ng ma tuy".<br /> toan dipn Vipt Nam - Campuchia", Dac san cila (14). Nguyin Kim Lan, "Hpp tac quoc phdng<br /> Bdo The gidi vd Viet Nam. - mpt linh vflc cd y nghia quan trpng trong<br /> (8). Tap chf Bien gidi va Lanh thd', sd' 7/2003, tr. 9. quan hp hpp tac toan dipn va dac bipt Vipt<br /> (9).http://viptnamnet.vn/chinhtri/2006/12/6 Nam - Lao", Hpc vien Quan hp quoc te. Ha Npi,<br /> 47504/ "Khanh thanh cpt moc quo'c te Mdc Bai 2002, tr. 23.<br /> - Ba Vet". (15). BkoNhdn ddn, ngky 6-12-2006.<br />