Tham khảo một cuốn sách giáo khoa Lịch sử của Pháp

l,jCiHSi?VC»|NHATR(/aN6<br /> <br /> <br /> THAM KHAO MfiT CUdN SACH GIAO KHOA LICH SUTCUA PHAP<br /> <br /> <br /> VO DUONG NINH*<br /> <br /> <br /> ITS: Trong nhing ndm gdn ddy, vdn de sdch gido khoa (SGK) mdn lich si ludn Id<br /> de tdi duac moi ngudi quan tdm. Cdc tdc gid SGK rdt Iran Ird de tim ra mdt<br /> gidi phdp CO hieu qud nhdl. Ngodi viec rut kinh nghiem, litng budc ndng cao<br /> chdt luang, viec tham khdo SGK nuac ngodi Id dieu cdn thiet de ti do rdt ra<br /> nhihig diem phii hpp vdi muc dich vd dieu kien gidng day, hoc tap d nuac nhd<br /> hien nay. Bdi vidt dudi ddy gidi thieu mdt cudn SGK Lich si cda nuac Phdp<br /> (J) (cours Terminates - tucfng duang lap 12 cua ta) decung suy ngdm vd tham<br /> khdo.<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> C fim cuon SGK trfin tay, ngUfli dpc<br /> cam thfi'y thu vj, muon dpc ngay vi<br /> ve dpp ciia nd: gitfy trfing bdng, kho 21 x 28<br /> hpc sinh vfi phy huynh - cd the bifit dUdc<br /> khudn kho mang tinh phap ly cfin thuc<br /> hien doi vfli mdn hpc nay.<br /> cm, bia kha bfit mfit, nhitfu anh chyp, ban ChUdng trinh danh cho ban Vdn chUdng<br /> dfi, sd do, nhieu mfiu sfic. Cutfn sach dfiy vfi ban Kinh td - Xd hgi (eoi nhU Khoa hpc<br /> 384 trang, can nfing chflng 1 kg, gia trdn xa hdi va nhfin vfin fl ta) gitfng nhau, dUdc<br /> bia lfi 28,50 Euro. cfi'u tao thanh ba phfin: I/. Thtf gidi tfl nfim<br /> Dfiy la cdng tnnh ciia mpt tfip thi tac 1945 dtfn nay (22 tifi't); II/. Chfiu Au tfl nfim<br /> gia gom 7 ngufli, dUdi sU lanh dao cua Giao 1945 de'n nay (10 tifi't); III/. Nudc Phap tfl<br /> sU Dai hpc Tong hdp Maine lfi Laurent nfim 1945 dtfn nay (18 titft), Td'ng cpng 50<br /> Bourquin. Sau thfinh vifin edn lai gom 1 titft. Nhu vfiy, khfing cd sU tach rfli gifla lich<br /> giao sU vfi 2 giang vifin dai hpc, 2 gifio sU sii thtf gidi vdi lich sii qutfc gia mfi tuan<br /> trung hpc (2) vfi 1 thpc si thudc Vien theo mdt Idgich ehfit che tfl cai nhin khfii<br /> nghien cflu. qufit ve thtf gifli, dfi'n khu vUc chau Au vfi<br /> CAU TAO CHUONG TRINH cufii eflng dtfn nUdc Phfip.<br /> Npi dung SGK dflpc bifin soan theo ChUdng trinh dfinh cho ban KKoa hgc<br /> chUdng trinh cua Bfi Gifio due nfim 2004, (gfim cac mdn khoa hpc tfl nhifin) cd giam<br /> ngay dfiu cutfn sach da cfing btf tofin vfin hdn va ctfu trflc hdi khfie: I/. Quan hp qutfc<br /> ban chUdng trinh, nhd vfiy, ngUdi dpc - ca ttf tfl nfim 1945 (12 titft) cd 2 ndi dung lfi<br /> <br /> *GS. Dai hpc Quoc gia Hfi Nfii<br />  Rflhian cihi Lich aJr. atf 8.2012<br /> <br /> Chitfn tranh Ipnh vfi Trfit ti^ thtf gifli mfli; bdi chtnh chi chitfm dipn tich 1 phfin ba ciia<br /> II/. Chtf dfi thyc dfin vfi nfin dpc Ipp (8 titft) 2 trang dfi, ngfin gpn, dtf myc rfi rfing, in<br /> gdm 2 vfi'n dtf: Chtf dfi thyc dfin chfiu Au vfi dfim nhflng nfii dung quan trpng lfim cho<br /> hfi thd'ng thufic dia, S^ phi thxfc dfin hfia vfi hpc sinh dl nhfin bitft dfiu lfi y chinh. Kfim<br /> nhQng hfi qua; III/. Nuflc Phfip - ntfn Cfing thoo la Thudt ngi: ghi tdm tfit mpt vfii tfl<br /> hda thfl V (12 titft) dtf cfip dtfn 3 vfi'n dl: Hfi chuyfin mdn ehlnh dl tra cflu; Tdi li^u: gdm<br /> thfi'ng mdi ciia ntfn Cfing hda; Kinh ttf • Xa tilu B\i nhfin vfit, doan trich diln vfin ciia<br /> hfii • Vfin hda; Nuflc Phfip trong thtf gifli cfic chinh khfich vfi vfii bflc anh cd chii<br /> ngfiy nay. Tong cPng 32 titft, kdm hai ban thich; Cdu hoi dl hpc sinh tra ldi vtf cfic tfii<br /> trfin 18 titft, b^ng 64% stf tifi't dfinh cho mli lifiu vfla nfiu.<br /> ban trfin. Hai trang dfinh cho Nghi thudt vd Lich<br /> Vu'c kl tfin cfic ehUdng lfi cfin thitft dl si vfli nhitfu bflc anh, tranh vfi, canh trong<br /> ban dpc cd thi hinh dung khfii qufit vtf ctfu phim, edng trinh difiu khfic... cfi chu thfch<br /> tao ciia chfldng trinh, Nhtft lfi vdi nhiing khfi chi titft vl nhflng ndt ntfi bfit ciia tfic<br /> ngudi lfim chUdng trinh mdn hpc thi dfiy lfi phfi'm nghp thufit dd (4).<br /> mfit ditfu nen tham khao (3). Titfp theo la 4 trang dfinh cho cac cfl lifiu<br /> TrUdc khi di vfio ndi dung, cutfn sfich ljch sii dl chudn bi ldm bdi thi: trich cac<br /> dfinh 2 trang hUdng dfin Ldm thd ndo di vfin kipn quan trpng, cfic stf lieu, sd do, biiu<br /> chudn bi ky thi tu tdi mdn lich si, trong dd do vfi cfic cfiu hoi di phfin tich cac cfl hpu<br /> nfiu len nhflng vipc cfin lfim nhU ttf chflc trfin.<br /> vipc fin tfip, each phfin bo thfli gian lfim bfii<br /> Cuoi eflng tfi 2 trang dn tdp gom cfic<br /> thi, yfiu cfiu dtfi vdi dtf thi cho tflng dtfi<br /> muc: Nhflng diim nhdn ghi ro nhflng npi<br /> tupng. Dtf thi ddi hdi nghifin cflu mpt hofic<br /> dung quan trpng nhtft cua chfldng, cac<br /> vai tfii lieu (cho sfin) theo mpt chu dtf vfi vai<br /> nhdn vdt chinh ciia giai doan Uch sii,<br /> cau hoi, tfl dd phai giai thich tdi lipu vitft<br /> nhiing khdi nicm ca bdn, mdt sd niin dgi<br /> thfinh mdt bfii lufin ve ljch sii. Cutfi cung lfi<br /> chinh, nhflng chi vidt tdt. Cd mdt muc<br /> mdt vfii Ifli khuyen khi lfim bfii.<br /> dang chu y lfi Ditng nhdm ldn chia lfim 2<br /> NOI DUNG CUA MOT CHUONG cfit ghi mpt cfip sU kipn mfi hpe sinh de lfin<br /> Cfie chUdng dfiu tufin theo mfit ctfu true Ipn, cfin phai phan bifit. Cutfi cung lfi bfii<br /> chung. Moi chUdng dfiy khoang 16-18 Tdng hpp (ta thudng gpi lfi Todt yeu),<br /> trang, gom cfic npi dung sau dfiy: khoang niia trang, ghi ndi dung quan trpng<br /> Hai trang mfl dfiu: Neu vtfn de chinh cua nhtft ciia chUdng, coi nbU kitfn thflc bfit<br /> ehUdng (5-10 ddng), 1 sd do ve bidn nifin cfic bupc dtfi vfli hpc sinh. Vfi them myc Di di<br /> sU kipn chinh vfi anh chyp (hofic tranh vg) xa han, gidi thifiu tfin vfii cuon sach, vfl<br /> vl sU kifin tifiu bliu eho giai doan dtf cfip kjch, phim anh cfi lifin quan cho hpe sinh<br /> trong chUdng. dpc thfim mfl rfing sU hiiu bifi't.<br /> <br /> Hai trang titfp theo lfi ban dfi (thtf gidi Nhu vfiy, di hpc mpt chUdng, hpc sinh<br /> hofic khu vUc) cfi lifin quan dfi'n nfii dung phai dpc vfi khai thfic kha nhitfu cfl lifiu, tfii<br /> ciia chfldng. lifiu dupc cung etfp mfit cfich cfi chon lpc.<br /> Moi chuong cfi thi chia thfinh 3 ho$c 4 Phfin bfii giang cfi the it nhUng phfin lam<br /> myc, moi muc chitfm 2 trang bao gfim Phdn vific tu hpc, dfio sfiu suy nghi thi nhitfu.<br /> Tham hhio mpi cutfn aAch..<br /> <br /> DI VAO M O T CHirONG CV THE khdi neu sU hinh thfinh cfic khtfi lien minh<br /> Cfic chUdng dtfu cfi cfi'u true gitfng nhau qufin sU ciia My vfi To ehflc hifip Uflc<br /> nhu da gidi thipu 6 phfin trfin. Dl hiiu ro Varsovie ciia Lien Xfi. Tofin bp nfii dung<br /> hdn, cfi thi chpn mfit ehUdng nfio dfi lfim vi trdn chi chitfm 2 phfin 3 trang gifi'y, rtft tdm<br /> dy. Th^t di vfio mfit vtfn dtf cd tinh phtf quat tfit vdi nhflng tfl in dfim lfim cho hpc sinh<br /> mfi chfic chfin chUdng trinh ljch sii thtf gidi hiiu dupe nhflng diem chinh.<br /> nfio eung phai dtf cfip dtfn. Ch^ng han nhU D I phyc vy cho vipc hpc npi dung kl<br /> Chuang 7: Su ddi ddu Ddng - Tdy cho ddn tren, cd nhieu muc in chfl nho kdm theo<br /> nhihig ndm 1970 (tfl trang 138 dtfn trang gom Thudt ngU: neu ten va giai thich eac to<br /> 157), chflc OECE. OTAN, OEA, OTASE, Hiep<br /> Hai trang dfiu (138-139) gidi thifiu khfii Ufle Bagdad, COMECON, Kominform, Hipp<br /> qufit gfim mfit sd dtf bifin nifin cfic sU kifin ude Varsovie (5); Tdi liiu tham khdo gom 2<br /> chinh tfl 1947 dtfn 1975, vfi mpt cfiu hoi in doan trich diln vfin cua Truman vfi ciia<br /> mfiu do: "Vi sao sU ddi ddu giUa Hoa Ky vd Jdanov ve khai nipm "Chitfn tranh lanh",<br /> Liin Xd khdng ddn tdi mdt cudc chii'n tranh mdt tranh ctf dpng eho ktf hoach Marshall<br /> thd gidi mdi?" vfli ldi giai thfch tdm gpn vfi mfit bitfm hpa da kich ktf hoach nfiy, ve<br /> trong 9 ddng. Cd t h i eoi dfiy nhfl mdt cfiu ngflfli dfin fing vfli ditfu xi gfi bj kep chfit<br /> hdi nhfi'n manh nfii dung chu dao eua giiJa hai hfim rfing. Kdm theo la bang cdu<br /> chUdng nfiy, Cd hai bflc anh chyp vtf Bflc hoi yfiu cfiu hpc sinh giai thich hofie binh<br /> tuflng Berlin do Lifin Xd dUng lfin (1962) vfi lufin tflng tfii lipu tham khao tren,<br /> Ten liia ciia My vfla rfli bfi phdng (1959).<br /> Muc 2: Su duang ddu giia cdc khdi<br /> Trang 140-141 dfinh cho ban do thtf gidi (1947-1960)<br /> dudi tieu dtf Sdn khdu cua cugc Chidn Phdn bdi chinh de' cfip 3 vfi'n dfi': Khung<br /> tranh lanh, nhitfu mfiu sfic di: phfin biet cfic<br /> hoang Berlin, Chitfn tranh Trifi'u Tien, Tifi'n<br /> nfldc XHCN, TBCN vfi nhi3ng nfldc dupe gpi tdi eung ton tai hda binh cuoi nhflng nfim<br /> lfi Thtf gifli thfl Ba cflng nhieu chfl thich. 1950. Thudt ngi: giai thich tfl 'Thong toa"<br /> Quan sat ky ban do kdm theo Ifli giai thich vfi 2 bflc chan dung kem tilu s^ Kim It-<br /> bfin canh, hpe sinh se cd khai nipm ro rfing sung vfi MacActhur, hai nhfin vfit chinh<br /> ve sU phfin btf cfic lUc lupng trong thfli ciia chie'n tranh Trieu Tifin, mfit bflc anh vtf<br /> Chitfn tranh lanh. eupe gfip "2IC' - gifla hai vj dflng dtfu nUfle<br /> Di vfio noi dung chinh cd 4 muc, mli My Kennedy vfi Lien Xfi Khroutchev fl<br /> muc chitfm 2 trang. Vienne nfim 1961. Tdi liiu tham khdo gom:<br /> Muc 1: Khdi ddu cua Chidn tranh lanh Trich diln vfin cua Thii tuflng Tay Dflc<br /> Adenauer ve cufic khung hoang Berlin lfin<br /> Phfin ddi chinh tflp trung vfio 3 dilm: A<br /> thfl nhtft; Anh vtf cfiu hfing khfing trong<br /> Tinh hai mat cua hda binh de cfip dtfn sU<br /> giai do^n Berlin bi phong tfla tfl thang 6-<br /> phan chia Dfing vfi Tay do Lifin Xd vfi My<br /> 1948 dfi'n thfing 5-1949; Trich tuydn btf cua<br /> dflng dfiu, dien vfin ciia Churchill vtf "Bflc<br /> Tong thong My Truman vtf Clutfn tranh<br /> man sfit" vfi tinh hinh nUdc Dflc. B. Ndm<br /> Trieu Tien; Anh tu binh Bfie Trieu Tien<br /> 1947: Hgc thuydt chd'ng hgc thuyet nfiu npi<br /> trong chitfn tranh; Btfn ban dfi nhd vtf dien<br /> dung hpc thuyet Truman vfli sU thuc hipn<br /> bitfn cua Chien tranh Tritfu Tifin. Cuoi<br /> ktf hoach Marshall va hpc thuytft Jdanov<br /> cflng lfi bang cdu hoi ve nhflng tai lipu tren.<br /> vdi sU thfinh Ifip Kominform. C. To chic cdc<br /> 56 Rghl6n cihi Ltch aiSr. stf 8.2012<br /> <br /> Myc 3: TU ddi ddu ddn hda hodn (I960- bflc tranh: mpt ciia Dang Cfing san Phfip<br /> 1973) phan dtfi khtfi NATO vfli khtfu hipu Vi ntfn<br /> Phdn bdi chinh dtf cfip dtfn 3 sy kifin: dfic Ifip ciia nUde Phfip, mpt ciia phfii dtfi<br /> Cufic khiing hoang Cuba, "Cflng tfln t^i hda Ifip ehtfng Lifin Xfi vfli canh trpi giam cd cai<br /> binh", Tfnh hai mfit ciia ntfn hda binh vQ khfia mang hinh bua lilm, hai bflc tranh<br /> trang. Phfin thudt ngi giai thfch tfl ciia My kfiu gpi bao vp hda binh sau khi<br /> Ostpolitik (chinh sfich huflng Dfing), 2 chfln Lifin Xfi thii thfinh cfing bom nguyfin tii<br /> dung kfim vfii ddng ly tjch ciia Willy Brandt (1949) vfi mfit bflc ciia Lifin Xfi in hinh cdng<br /> (thii tuflng Tay Dflc) vfi Ernest Guevara • nfing vdi khtfu hifiu "Hda binh cho thtf gifli".<br /> Chd (nhfin vfit cfich mpng fl My tatinh). Tdi Dl tpp cho hpc sinh rfin luyfin, 4 trang<br /> liiu tham khdo gfim Trich phfit biiu ciia titfp theo "Luyin thi" yfiu cfiu hpc sinh<br /> Tfi'ng thfi'ng Kennedy v6 vy khiing hoang nghifin cflu, giai thfch tfii hfiu lifin quan<br /> tdn liia; Anh con tfiu Xfi vitft Kassimov chfl dtfn cfic dtf tfii chutfn bj cho ky thi.<br /> 15 tfin liia tren dudng dtfn Cuba; Anh cufic Dl tai 1 dflt cfiu hfii: Citng tdn tai hda<br /> gfip Nixon • Brejnev fl Moscou ky Hifip Udc binh: phdi chdng Id mdt nin hda binh cd vu<br /> SALT thfing 5-1972, Anh vtf sy sa ifiy eua trang? Di tra ldi cfiu hoi nfiy, hpc sinh<br /> My fl Nam Vipt Nam nfim 1966; Trich phfit tham khao cfic dopn trich vtf khfii nipm<br /> bieu vtf "Chinh sach hUdng Ddng" ciia Thii "Cung tdn tai hda binh" ciia Ttfng Bf thu<br /> tuflng CHLB Dflc Witty Brandt. Dang Cpng san Lien Xd Brejnev vfi ciia<br /> Mye 4: Cdn Ddng • noi ddt cUOc cua Tong thtfng My Nixon, mpt bang thong kfi<br /> Chii'n tranh lanh stf lifiu vtf chay dua vu trang ciia My vfi<br /> Phfin bdi chinh gom 3 vtfn de: Mpt vflng Lifin Xfi, mpt doan trich ban Hifip Udc Salt<br /> chifi'n lUpc, Israel - dfiu cfiu eiia PhUdng Tfiy 1 (1972) vfi mpt tranh bitfm hpa "Cfip ddi<br /> fl vflng Cfin Dfing, Nhflng cupc chien tranh mdi Xd-My" vtf cufic dfim phfin Salt dudi cai<br /> Israel Arab. Phfin thudt ngi cfi tfl nhin ciia hpa si My Ron Luri nfim 1970.<br /> Diaspora (sU di tan, ly tan ciia mfit dfin Kfim theo dfi lfi mpt bang cfiu hoi dupe dflt<br /> tflc), giai thich ten hai to chflc Fatah, OLP ra: 1, L,Brejnev da ndu nguyen tfic vtf cflng<br /> va khai nipm "vung bj chitfm dfing" (vflng ton tpi boa binh nhu thtf nfio; 2. Neu len<br /> ciia Palesstine bj Israel chitfm), anh vfi sd nhiing biiu hifin (qufin si^ vfi chfnh tri) eua<br /> lUde tilu sii G.A. Nasser - nhfi lanh dao Ai sfl cfin bfing quyen luc hat nhfin gifla hai<br /> Cfip. Vtf tdi liiu tham khdo cd doan trich cUflng qutfe. 3. Lufin dilm ciia My trong<br /> Tuyfin bo cua Lien Xfi ngfiy 24-5-1967 ve vific xfic djnh chfnh sfich cung ton tai hfia<br /> clu'nh sach dfii vfli Cfin Ddng, dopn trich binh, 4. Cd t h i ndi gi vtf cupc doi thoai<br /> mpt stf dieu trong Hie'n chUdng Dfin tfic Ddng - Tfiy. Cutfi cflng lfi: trfin cd sfl nhiing<br /> Palestine (1964), anh Nasser dflpc qufin phfin tfch, nhflng tfii lifiu vfi sU hiiu bitft cfi<br /> chflng chfio dfin, Sd do lanh tho Israel sau nhfin, hay tra ldi ctfu hdi dfit ra cho dtf tfii<br /> Chitfn tranh Sau ngfiy nfim 1967, anh trpi nfiy ngay tit dfiu chUdng tfi "Vt sao sU t^<br /> tj nan ciia ngufli Palestine fl Amman ddu giUa Hoa Ky vd Liin Xd khdng ddn tdi<br /> (Jordanie) nflm 1948. mdt cudc chidn tranh thdgidi mdi?".<br /> Sau 4 myc tren, cd 2 trang dfinh cho Dtf tfii 2: Cudc chidn tranh Triiu Tiin.<br /> Nghi thudt vd lich si vdi tieu dtf hidn Hpc sinh dpc mpt doan trich Tuyen btf cua<br /> tranh Ignh qua nhing tranh cdddng gfim 5 Ttfng thtfng Truman vtf chitfn tranh Tritfu<br /> Thnm hhio mpi cutfn s6ch...<br /> <br /> Tien vfi Vien Dfing ngfiy 27-6-1950 tai ngudn gtfc, biiu hifin chinh, anh huflng vfi<br /> Washington. Sau dd tra Ifli cac cfiu hfli: 1. han chtf ciia cfii gpi lfi "sU hfia hoan" (1962 -<br /> Gifli thipu bfii canh, tfic gia vfi vfin kifin. 2. 1975). Kdm theo lfi bang nifin dai tfl 1962<br /> NhQng nguyfin nhan dfin dfi'n si^ xung dpt? (khung hoang Cuba) dfi'n 1975 (Hifip Uflc<br /> Tai sao Truman can thipp? 3. Vai trd ciia Helsinki vfi thfing tpi cua nhflng ngUfli cpng<br /> Lidn Hdp Qutfc trong cupe khiing hoang vfi san fl Vifit Nam vfi Campuchia). Dfi tfii 5 :<br /> nhflng nhfin ttf cfin thifi't de hieu bitft sU Chfiu Au, ndi dien ra sU dtfi dfiu ve chinh<br /> vific nfiy. 4. Doan diln vfin cd nhfic dfi'n trj vfi tu tuflng trong ehitfn tranh lanh<br /> Trung Quoc. Gifli thipu hofin eanh ciia nflflc (1947-1991).<br /> nay nfim 1950 vfi vai trd cua hp trong chitfn Cutfi eflng lfi hai trang 6n tdp gfim cfic<br /> tranh. 5. Nhfic tai nhflng ndt chinh ciia mye:<br /> cupc chifi'n tranh. 6. Neu lfin sU khfic bipt Diim nhdn: Chifi'n tranh Vifit Nam vfi<br /> dfin tdi bfi't dong gifla Truman vdi Ttfng chi Cuba, moi vfi'n dtf c6 khoang mfldi ddng vitft<br /> huy cac lUc lUdng viin chinh (Mac Arthur), tfim tfit ve hai sU kipn nfiy.<br /> 7. Vi sao cudc chifi'n tranh nfiy lai la ndt dfie<br /> Ding nhdm ldn: cd 2 cdt, ghi cac cfip sfl<br /> trflng cua Chie'n tranh lanh?<br /> kien dl phfin bipt nhU: Kominform vfi<br /> De tfii 3 mang tifiu de: Berlin - diim Comecon, OECE vfi OTAN, Phong toa<br /> trung t&m cua Chii'n tranh lanh, in lai mpt Beriin (1948) vfi Bflc tUdng Beriin (1962),<br /> phfin trang bao "Tin tflc Atsaee" efi bflc anh Cudc chitfn tranh Israel tfin thfl nhtft (1948)<br /> ve cufic bieu tinh fl Berlin vdi tidu dtf "Tinh va Cufic chitfn tranh Sfiu ngfiy (1967).<br /> hinh vfin dl bung no fl Berlin", Hpc sinh<br /> Cdc nhdn vdt: ke ten W. Brandt, Fidel<br /> quan sfit bfle anh, dpe cac ddng chfl thfch<br /> Castro, Che Guevara, J.F. Kennedy, N.<br /> vfi tra Ifli cfie cau hdi: l.Gifli thifiu tfii lifiu<br /> Khrouchtchev<br /> nfiy. 2. Tinh lunh Berlin vfi nUflc Dflc tfl<br /> nfim 1945. 3. Dieu gi dfi xay ra vfio ngfiy Nhing khdi niem chu yi'u: Chitfn tranh<br /> cutfi tufin 15-8 fl Berlin. Giai thich vi sao sy lanh, Hpc thuytft Truman, Hpe thuytft<br /> kien nay dUdc dua len thanh tieu dtf ciia Jdanov, Cflng ton tai hda binh, Sfl hda<br /> bfii bfio. 4. Theo bfle anh, tai sao cdng nhan hoan, Vung dfi't bj chifi'm dfing.<br /> lai bieu tinh? Hp chtfng lai ai gay ra noi tflc NhUng niin dgi quan trgng gom 20 nien<br /> gifin nfiy? Hp mutfn gi? 5. Tai sao tinh hinh dai gfin liln cac sfl kipn ldn tfl 1947 dtfn<br /> Beriin lai lfi "de bflng no'" nhfl tifiu de ciia 1975.<br /> bai bao? 6. Brandt vfi Adenauer kfiu gpi Bdi tdng kit chitfm niia trang, nfiu 6<br /> binh tinh. Hai nhan vfit nfiy lfi ai? 7. Bao diem: sU hinh thanh cac lien minh qufin sU<br /> da vitft: "Cfie dfing minh chutfn bj mfit sU cua hai cfldng qutfe, dinh nghia ve chid'n<br /> phan khang ngoai giao manh lifit". Ai lfi tranh lanh theo Truman vfi Jdanov, nhflng<br /> nhflng ddng minh trong vfi'n dtf nfiy? Tai dilm ndng bflng fl Berlin vfi Tritfu Tien,<br /> sao hp lpi dong y phan khang ngoai giao eudc khung hoang ten tiia fl Cuba, chinh<br /> ma khfing dan dtfn mpt hfinh dfing cu thi saeh "cflng tdn tai hda binh", khu vfle Cfin<br /> hdn? dfing vfli sU btf tfic ciia vtfn dtf Palestine.<br /> Phfin tifi'p theo, hpc sinh vidt bdi ludn Myc Didi xa han gifli thieu tfin mpt vfii<br /> theo 2 de tfii: dtf tfii 4 yeu cfiu minh chflng tfii lipu vfin hpc, phim anh, website vfi mfit<br />  Rghl6n ciJru Lleh aii-. stf 8.2018<br /> <br /> stf bfii nghifin cflu cfi nfii dung lifin quan kitfn thflc ttfng hpp hdn, pham vi bao qufit<br /> dtfn giai dopn nfiy. hdn vfi phfin tieh sfiu sfic hdn, Dl khdp lai<br /> mli chUdng tfi phfin dn tfip vtf cfic kitfn<br /> D 6 I D I E U SVY NGHI thflc CO ban (sfl kifin, nhfin vfit, khfii nipm,<br /> Cutfn sfich kl trfin lfi mfit tfii Hfiu tham nifin dai) vfi nhfic nhfl vtf nhflng dilu cd<br /> khao ttft dtfi vdi cfic thfiy cfi gifio, nhtft lfi vdi thi nhfim lfin...<br /> nhiing ngUdi chiu trach nhifim bifin aopn Qua nhflng dilm trfin, cd t h i thtfy kitfn<br /> ehUOng trinh vfi SGK. Difiu cd thi cam thflc cd ban dUpc chpn lpc mpt cfich chflt<br /> nhfin rd trong tinh thfin ciio cutfn SGK nfiy chfi, phUdng phfip sU phpm da dfin dfit hpc<br /> tfi tupng kitfn thflc khdng nhilu nhUng ddi sinh di tfl dilm sd gian dtfn nhflng sU kifin<br /> hoi chfnh xdc vfi chfic chfin, rfin luyfin hpc phflc tpp, tfl hiiu bitft gian ddn tfin kha<br /> sinh tu duy dl cd thi giai thleh mfit vfin nfing ttfng hpp, tfl titfp nhfin nhflng gpi y<br /> ban, binh tufin mfit tfii tifiu vfi nfiu y kitfn vfi dtfn nfing tflc tu trinh bfiy nhfin thfle ciia<br /> mdt vfi'n dtf lich sii cy thi. minh. Nhfl vfiy, hpc sinh khfing phai "tyng<br /> Vdi 16 trang cua ehUdng VII, phfin bfii nifim" mfit cfich mfiy mde dl thufic (rdi<br /> chinh (dfit vtfn dl, dfin giai cdc sxf kipn, quen!) tflng nifin dai, tflng nhan vfit, tflng<br /> tong ktft) chi chitfm chflng 4-5 trang vitft sfl kifin mfi bfin eanh nfii dung chinh, cac<br /> ngdn gpn, rfinh mach tflng dilm, nhfi'n bang biiu, cac bflc anh hofic tranh vS vfi<br /> manh nhflng sU kipn quan trpng, qua dfi nhtft lfi vific luyfin tfip tfl cae cau hoi dtfn<br /> hpe sinh nfim dUdc nhflng ndt chii ytfu eiia cac de thi se Ifim tfing kha nfing ghi nhfi<br /> giai doan tieh sii. mpt each tu nhien, lfi gich vdi thflc ttf da<br /> De phue vy cho bfii chinh, cd nhieu muc tflng dien ra trong ljch sii.<br /> tuflng nhu ta phy nhUng rfi't quan trpng dtfi NhUng dl cd t h i vfin dung mdt each phu<br /> v6i nhfin thflc ciia hpe sinh. D6 lfi khung hpp vfio thUe tiln Vifit Nam nhflng kinh<br /> thdi gian, trinh tu cac sfl vipc dupc trinh nghipm ciia cuon SGK kl tren, cfin thtfy sfl<br /> bfiy theo sd do bien nifin ljch sii, Dd tfi cfie khfic nhau vtf ctfu tao chfldng trinh do sU<br /> thufit ngii vfi khai nipm cd ban cfin nfim khfic nhau vtf vj tri dja chinh trj vfi vi thtf<br /> vflng vfi cae nhfin vfit chinh kdm theo anh qutfe tfi', sy khfic nhau vtf quan dilm trong<br /> vfi dfii ddng tilu sijt. Phuc vu eho vific nhfin mfit stf vfi'n dtf quoc ttf vfi nhtft tfi sU khfic<br /> thflc cfie sU kifin lfi cfie ban do, anh chyp, nhau vtf ditfu kifin giang day vfi hpc tfip<br /> tranh co dpng, trang bao dUdng thfli... gifla hai nfldc. NhUng dfiu sao, tham khao<br /> Phfin rdn luypn chitfm vi trf dflc bifit ben ngofii dl vfin dung mdt each thich hpp<br /> quan trong. Tfl cfic cflu hoi nhd gfin vdi vfio cfing vific eiia minh vfin lfi dieu cfin<br /> vipe dpe mot doan trich dfin vfin ban hofic thifi't vfi btf Ich. Cho nfin, se tot hdn ntfu cac<br /> quan sfit mfit bflc anh/ bflc tranh dfi'n ban dfing nghifip cd ditfu kifin gidi thifiu<br /> nhflng cfiu hoi ldn hdn binh tufin cfic sfl nhifi'u ngufin SGK tfl cac nUflc khae nhU tfl<br /> kipn, cac nhfin vfit vfi cuoi cung lfi cfic dtf My, Anh, Dflc, Trung Qufi'c vfi ca nUdc Nga<br /> tai cd tinh each nhU "luypn thi" ddi hoi thfli hflu xd vifi't.<br /> Tham hhio mOt cutfn 56ch...<br /> <br /> CHU THtCH<br /> (1). T4n cutfn sfich: Histoire. Terminates ciia cfic nin dfin chu nhfin dfin. 12. Cii dxKfc vk cfii<br /> ES,L,S. Le Monde de 1945 d noajoura. Collection mfi't cua chfiu Au tfl nfim 1989.<br /> Laurent Bourquin. Edition Belin, Paria 2010. (4), Lfi'y vi d\i trang Lich sii vd ngh§ thudt<br /> (2). 6 Phfip CO Profesaeur k I'UniveraittS, thuOc chiftJng 8 (tr, 170 - 171) mang ti6u dl<br /> Maitre de Conference fi I'Univerait^, Proreaseur au Hollywood vd Vi^t Nam g6m 5 biic anh tit 5 phim<br /> lyc4e. chiiu vi chifi'n tranh Vi^t Nam, Cu^c hdnh trinh<br /> (3). ChUdng trinh g6m 18 chUdng c6 ti^u dfi din cu^ dia nguc cua Michael Cimino (1978),<br /> nhu aau: Ngdy tdn thi ciia Francia Ford Coppola (1979),<br /> Phdn I: Thg gidi tU ndm 1945 din nay: L Th«' Trung ddi cua Oliver Stone (1986), ChUc do gidp<br /> gidi aau Gu^ Th^ chitfn thfir Hai. 2. Sy chuyan bi^n cua Stanley Kubrick (1987), Sinh ngdy 4 thdng<br /> vl kinh ttf. 3 NhQng ki^u sfi'ng mdi 4 NhOng mfiu Bdy cua Ohver Stone (1990). Dildi mSi tffm anh<br /> hinh ldn v l y thCic h$. 5. Sy thS'nK trj thufic dja cua diu c6 chii thfch ve tac gia, n9i dung cuon phim vfi<br /> ch&u Au. 6. Phi thyc dfin h6a vg ay ra ddi cua Thi* ldi binh lu^n. Qua d6, hpc sinh c6 thi nh^n biet<br /> gidi thul Ba. 7. Sy dtfi d£u Dfing - Tfiy cho dtfn du^c chiin tranh Vi^t Nam dildi cfii nhin Lua phim<br /> nhiing nfim 1970. 8. Ti£'n tdi kg't thiJc thtf gidi hai anh vfi trong dilu ki^n cua nUdc Phap, vi^c xem<br /> cvic tir nhang nfim 1970 de'n 1991. 9. M$t t h i gidi nhOng cu^n phim n&y khong phai \k dieu khd.<br /> khong on dinh t£c 1991 din ngfiy nay. (5). Chfl vifi't tdt theo tie'ng Phap, ta thUdng<br /> Phdn H: Chdu Au tic ndm 1945 din nay. 10. diing theo tilng Anh, vf dy OTAN lfi NATO,<br /> TSy Au cho dtfn cuETi nhiing nfim 80.11. Thdi ky OTASE lfi SEATO...<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> VAI TRO CUA LlJC LlJOlVG DAW QUARf, TlJ VE .<br /> (Tiep iheo trang 52)<br /> <br /> CHU THICH<br /> (1), (2). Bfio Qudn dgi Nhdn ddn. ngfiy 6-2- (5), (6), (7). Thd dd Hd Ngi. Lick ai khdng<br /> 1973 chien ch&ng My cUu nUdc (1954-1975). Nxb. Quan<br /> (3). Dai tudng Vo Nguyen Giap, Tdng tdp HSi dpi Nhfin dfin, Hfi Noi, 1991, tr. 245, 254, 255.<br /> ky, Nxb Quan doi Nhan dan. Hfi N^i. 2006, tr, (8). Hoi ky cua Nichxdn. Nxb, Cflng an Nhan<br /> 11346. dfin. 2004, tr. 907.<br /> (4). TJofin Quang Trung bao v§ Thii d6" A\it}c (10), Hi Chi Minh, bien niin sU kien vd tU lieu<br /> thfinh Ifip vfio ngfiy 21-6-1972. Trung dofin chu y^u vi qudn st^. Nxb. Qufin d§i Nhfin dfin, Hfi Npi,<br /> lfi bd d6i chuyln ngfinh dang hof t d$ng fl khtfi cflng 1990, tr. 203,<br /> nghidp. Ban Chi huy gom cfic d&ag chf: Phdng 'Vfin (9). Thd dd Hd Ngi. Lich si khdng chii'n chSng<br /> Thfii - Trung dofin trudng, LUu Quang Hfing - My cUu nUdc (1954-1975). Nxb. Qufin dpi NhSn<br /> Chfnh uy. dfin, Hfi Npi, 1991, tr. 255.<br />