Thông tin chuyên đề Tiềm năng tạo việc làm xanh ở Việt Nam - The Potential for Creating Green Jobs in Vietnam

VIỆN NC QUẢN LÝ KINH TẾ TW<br /> TRUNG TÂM THÔNG TIN – TƯ LIỆU<br /> <br /> THÔNG TIN CHUYÊN ĐỀ<br /> <br /> TIỀM NĂNG TẠO VIỆC LÀM<br /> XANH Ở VIỆT NAM<br /> THE POTENTIAL FOR<br /> CREATING GREEN JOBS IN<br /> VIETNAM<br /> <br /> SỐ<br /> CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu<br /> <br /> 9<br /> 2012<br /> 1<br /> <br /> VIỆN NC QUẢN LÝ KINH TẾ TW<br /> TRUNG TÂM THÔNG TIN – TƯ LIỆU<br /> <br /> TIỀM NĂNG TẠO VIỆC LÀM<br /> XANH Ở VIỆT NAM<br /> THE POTENTIAL FOR<br /> CREATING GREEN JOBS IN<br /> VIETNAM<br /> <br /> TRUNG TÂM THÔNG TIN – TƯ LIỆU<br /> Tel – Fax: 04 – 37338930<br /> E-mail: vnep@mpi.gov.vn<br /> Hà Nội, tháng 10/2012<br /> <br /> CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu<br /> <br /> 2<br /> <br /> THE POTENTIAL FOR CREATING GREEN JOBS IN VIETNAM<br /> I.<br /> <br /> Green economy and green jobs<br /> <br /> 1.<br /> <br /> Green economy – green growth<br /> <br /> In general, there are many different definitions on green economy and green<br /> growth, however, these definitions contain three main points:<br /> - Green economy is an environmental-friendly one, focusing on the control<br /> of green house effects and climate changes.<br /> - Green economy is an in-depth growth one, consuming less energy, and<br /> enhancing bio-industry and technology innovation.<br /> - Green economy is a sustainable one with poverty reduction and equal<br /> development.<br /> 2.<br /> <br /> The role of green economy<br /> <br /> If a country is aware of developing a green economy as soon as possible, it is<br /> possible to shorten their development path and to thrive to wealthy and<br /> sustainable society. Particularly:<br /> First, green economy plays an important role in sustainable development. Second,<br /> green economy contributes to poverty reduction. Third, green economy creates a<br /> range of newly emerging and potential employment. Forth, green economy<br /> protects bio-diversification. And fifth, green economy allows developing<br /> countries to gain multiple effected socio-economic interests.<br /> 3.<br /> <br /> Green jobs<br /> <br /> Green jobs as work in agricultural, manufacturing, research and development,<br /> administrative and service activities that contribute substantially to preserving or<br /> restoring environmental quality: This definition is provided by UNEP. According<br /> to this definition, green jobs not only include jobs that help to protect ecosystems<br /> and biodiversity, reduce the consumption of energy, materials and water through<br /> high efficiency strategies; reduce carbon emissions in the entire economy;<br /> minimize or avoid creating waste pollution in all its forms.<br /> Green jobs are "the result of green policies".<br /> II.<br /> <br /> The experience of some countries in the creation of green jobs<br /> <br /> CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu<br /> <br /> 3<br /> <br /> 1. Experience in developing green jobs in the U.S.<br /> The United States is a superpower pioneer in the implementation of the policy of<br /> "green economy". Since taking office, President Obama has struggled to cope<br /> with the economic downturn, and the term "green economy" is mentioned as one<br /> of the solutions contributing to solving some economic problems. President<br /> Obama has implemented new policies to revive the economy, such as energy<br /> development, development of "green economy", the implementation of policies to<br /> save energy, reduce pollution and the implementation of renewable energy.<br /> To really mentioned targets and policies of developing a green economy, focus<br /> has been put on issues regarding policy guidelines; increasing budget allocation<br /> for green economic activities; vigorously developing green jobs; and training of<br /> human resources related to environmental issues.<br /> 2. Korean experience in creating green jobs<br /> The main point in Korea's Green Growth Strategy can be summarized in issues as<br /> followed:<br /> 1) Adapt to climate change<br /> 2) Reduce greenhouse gas emissions effectively<br /> 3) Reduce dependence on fossil fuels<br /> 4) Develop green technology;<br /> 5) Greenization of existing industries;<br /> 6) Develop advanced industries;<br /> 7) Build the foundation for green economy;<br /> 8) Develop green space and green transport;<br /> 9) Make a green revolution in lifestyle;<br /> 10) Provide international support for green growth<br /> II. Green economy and green jobs in Vietnam<br /> 1. The development of green economy in Vietnam<br /> 1.1.<br /> <br /> Awareness of green growth in Vietnam<br /> <br /> CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu<br /> <br /> 4<br /> <br /> The XIth Congress of the Communist Party of Viet Nam approved socioeconomic development strategy 2011 – 2020, thereby, socio-economic<br /> development objectives over the next decade will focus on issues of growth<br /> quality, or in other words, focus on sustainable and in-depth growth that is not<br /> running after quantitative objectives, and ensure macroeconomic balance to longterm economic stability; the center will be development of competitive advantage<br /> , using high technology to gradually improve the competitiveness of the whole<br /> economy, businesses and products.<br /> In addition, the national strategy for green growth has also been approved by the<br /> Government on 09.25.2012. Which emphasizes: "Green growth is an important<br /> content of sustainable development, to ensure rapid, effective, and sustainable<br /> economic development and contribute to the implementation of the national<br /> strategy on climate change."<br /> According to the forecast, Vietnam will be heavily affected by climate change.<br /> Sea level rise would inundate many areas in Vietnam. Therefore, though it is<br /> unable to prevent climate change, Vietnam also needs to be responsible player by<br /> actively develop a green economy.<br /> So, the requirement of developing a new economic growth model toward indepth development, sustainability, resource saving, environmental protection is in<br /> place as the first task in the new stage of national development. For Vietnam,<br /> green growth is the key to settle the shortcomings in current growth model<br /> because it involves technology or “sophisticate” level of the economy. Once<br /> Vietnam can obtain these factors, labor productivity growth will be higher and the<br /> growth quality will be promoted. Therefore, green growth plays a critical role in<br /> Vietnamese in-depth growth strategy in the coming time.<br /> Ability to green economic development of Vietnam.<br /> a. Strengths<br /> Vietnam has experienced over 25 years of innovation with many important social<br /> and economic achievements: high economic growth, improved per capita income,<br /> etc. The technological level of Vietnam is still weak but there is rapidly<br /> improvement due to the advantages of latecomer countries and the attention of<br /> foreigners attracted by significant economic reform achievements in recent years.<br /> CIEM, Trung tâm Thông tin – Tư liệu<br /> <br /> 5<br /> <br />