Từ sự cố nhà máy điện hạt nhân ở Nhật Bản: Nhà máy điện hạt nhân Việt Nam sẽ an toàn hơn

DIEN HAT NHAN<br /> <br /> TU" SLT CO N H A MAY D I E N HAT N H A N 6" NHAT B A N<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> N h a m a y d i e n h a t n h a n V i e t N a m<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> s e a n t o a n h d n<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> C<br /> ung vdi su' tan pha cua tdc l i he thong l i m ngudi 16 phin vung hoat cua 16 phin dng nhd<br /> dng phii sd dung ngudn ning ldpng trddng hop niy thi nddc td binh<br /> dien td miy phit diezel trong trddng chda dd trd tren ndc Id phin dng td<br /> dong dat va song than 6 hpp khan cip. Nhdng nhi may nay dpng chiy xuong thdng 16 phin dng<br /> Nhat Ban, sU co phong xa ddpcxiy ddngvio nhdng nim 1970 de l i m ngudi vung hoat cua 16 phin<br /> hat nhan tai nha may dien hat nhan<br /> Fukushima 1 (Nhat Ban) dang dat v i 1980 thupc the he thd 2, cho nen dng ma khong can phii sd dung<br /> ra nhieu cau hoi ve xay dUng nha nguyen ly an toan thu dpng chda miy bdm nUdc nhd trong trUdng<br /> may dien hat nhan. Chinh vi the ddpc ap dung. Nguyen ly an toin hop ciia Nha miy Fukushima.<br /> lanh dao cac cO quan chdc nang thu ddng dda tren cic quy luat vat Ddi vdi Viet Nam, Nghi quye't<br /> va cac nha khoa hoc Viet Nam deu<br /> cua Qudc hpi da khang dinh phii<br /> khang dinh day la mot sU kien quan ly td nhien nhd doi ldu td nhien<br /> trong de Viet Nam xem xet, ra soat va ldc trpng trddng de thiet ke he sd dung the he 16 phin dng hien<br /> lai du an xay dUng nha may dien thong an toin cua 16 phin dng. Do dai, dam bio dp an toin va kinh<br /> hat nhan dau tien cua minh d Ninh do, khi xiy ra sd cd mit nddc trong te. Nhdng Id phin dng the he thd<br /> Thuan, se khdi cdng vao nam 2'014.<br /> <br /> Cong nghe nao dam bao<br /> antoan?<br /> PGS-TS Vddng Hdu Tan, Vien<br /> trUdng Vien Nang IdOng nguyen<br /> td, cho biet khi sU co xay ra, cac he<br /> thong ddng 16 khan cap cua nha<br /> may Fukushima 1 da hoat dong<br /> theo dung chdc nang thiet ke. May<br /> phat dien diesel du phong da hoat<br /> dong ngay lap tdc sau khi mat dien<br /> lddi de cung cap dien cho he thong<br /> lam mat khan cap va hoat dong lien<br /> tuc trong 1 gid trddc khi co song<br /> than ap de'n lam ngap lut va hu hai<br /> may phat dien du phong. Khi mat<br /> dien, he thong lam mat khan cap<br /> da khong hoat dong dUOc din de'n<br /> sd co mat nUdc, l i m ting nhiet do<br /> va ap suit vung hoat dong 16 phin<br /> dng, gay ra chay no...<br /> Phin tich ve cong nghe, ong Tan<br /> cho hay, yeu diem cua he thong giii<br /> nhiet dd cua N h i miy Fukushima<br /> van la sd dung nguyen ly an toin<br /> chd dong (active safety features),<br /> <br /> [26] NANG LWONG VIET NAM So 72+73 (3+4/2011)<br /> 3 ma chiing ta Ida chpn se co dac<br /> tinh an toan thu dpng thi khi xay<br /> Theo thoa thuan mdi day, Tap doan Dien lire Viet Nam (EVN)<br /> ra sii co tiiOng td nha may se td<br /> va Bo Giao due va Dao tao (Bo GDDT) se trien khai hop tac,<br /> dpng xd ly hien tdpng giai nhiet<br /> dao tao nguon nhan luc phuc vu chuong trinh dien hat nhan.<br /> bang cac cP che td nhien, khdng<br /> Theo do, de chuan bi cho chUOng t r i n h phat trien dien hat<br /> can tac dpng cua con ngddi cung<br /> nhan quoc gia den nam 2020 va cho Nha may dien hat nhan<br /> nhd khong can sd dung ngudn<br /> Ninh Thuan noi rieng, hang nam, Bo GDDT phoi hop vdi EVN<br /> dien bo sung. Nhd the dp an toan<br /> va cac don v j lien quan tuyen sinh can bo, sinh vien di dao tao<br /> cua Nha may D H N Ninh Thuan<br /> ky sU, thac sT cac chuyen nganh dien hat nhan tai TrUdng Dai<br /> se dam bao hon.<br /> hoc Nghien cdu hat nhan qudc gia Nga (MEPHI) theo 2 hinh<br /> TS Ngo Dang Nhan, Cue trddng<br /> thdc bien ban ghi n h d gida Bo GDDT v d i Rosatom va theo<br /> Cue An toan bde xa hat nhan,<br /> dien hop dong gida Rosatom, Bo GDDT va EVN, t r o n g do kinh<br /> khang dinh viec Ida chpn cong nghe<br /> phi dao tao do Rosatom tai tro" 50%, va EVN 50%, cac chi p h i<br /> het sdc quan trpng. Vdi Viet Nam,<br /> khac theo che do nha nUdc quy d j n h . Thoa thuan hop tac cd<br /> chung ta chac chan se Ida chpn<br /> t h d i han hieu lire de'n het nam 2020.<br /> cdng nghe the he 3 trd len, do vay,<br /> tinh an toan cung se ddpc nang cao<br /> vi du nhd ddng dat, sdng than, nui ddng dat cdc dai. Cu the la, tai khu<br /> hon rat nhieu. Ngoai cdng nghe cdn<br /> Ida... Thd hai la, nhdng hoat ddng vUc Ninh Thuan, nPi dupe xac dinh<br /> yeu to con ngddi. Dieu nay rat quan<br /> cua con ngddi co the gay mat an la vung cd the dpng dat cap 5 - 6, se<br /> trpng vi chung ta khdng cd dpi ngu<br /> toan cho nha may. Thd ba la nhdng phai thiet ke nha may dien hat nhan<br /> chuyen gia, can bp ky thuat chuyen<br /> yeu to ma nha may co the lam anh cd mdc dp chong chru dpng dat it<br /> nghiep cao, van hanh sd co rat khd<br /> hddng den khu dan cd. nhat la cap 6 hoac cap 7.<br /> khan. Day dang la khau yeu nhat cua<br /> "Hien nay cac cd quan chdc nang Vien Vat ly Dia cau cung danh<br /> Viet Nam. "Ben canh dd, phai cd he<br /> Viet Nam dang ra soat, tinh toan ky gia moi rui ro ve ddng dat, sdng<br /> thong van ban quy pham phap luat<br /> lddng de'n nhdng van de do trong than cung nhd cac tac dpng dia<br /> de dieu chinh nhdng dieu nay, tuan<br /> viec trien khai xay ddng nha may chat khac d khu vUc xay nha may<br /> thu van hanh bao dddng, xay ddng<br /> va td giac thdc hien van hda an toan.dien hat nhan dau tien cua minh dien hat nhan Ninh Thuan va thay<br /> Qua sU cd nay, chung ta thay Nhat d Ninh Thuan vao nam 2014", dng rang, cUdng dp ddng dat d day du<br /> Ban co he thong dng pho khan cap Tan cho biet. dat cUc dai cung hau nhu khdng gay<br /> rat bai ban ma chung ta phai hoc Theo Vien Vat ly Dia cau, ngoai thiet hai ve ngddi, nha cda trong<br /> tap. Hien Viet Nam dang trong qua khdi khu vdc Nam Trung bp, each khoang each td 100 - 200km, vi the<br /> trinh xay dUng he thong nay" - dng bd bien khoang 150km co dai ddt se khdng anh hddng de'n sd an toan<br /> Nhan cho biet. gay cd the gay ra dpng da't. Mdt vai cua nha may dien hat nhan Ninh<br /> nam gan day, dai ddt gay nay gay ra Thuan trong tdPng lai.<br /> mot so tran dpng dat manh td 4,7 - Lien quan de'n viec dng phd vdi<br /> Lam gi de tranh nhdng<br /> 5 dp richter. Trong qua trinh chuan nhdng sd cd tdOng td cua Nhat Ban<br /> nguyctfldn?<br /> bi dd an dien hat nhan Ninh Thuan, neu xay ra d Viet Nam trong tdOng<br /> Cac nha khoa hoc Viet Nam deu Vien Vat ly Dia cau dddc mdi tham<br /> tai, TS Dang Thanh Lddng, Phd<br /> cho rang, vung dat cua Viet Nam gia khao sat khu vdc nay. Viec khao<br /> cue trddng Cue An toan bde xa hat<br /> mac du it cd kha nang sinh ra dpng sat khdng ddng lai d khau danh gia<br /> nhan, cho biet chung ta phai sdm<br /> da't nhd d Nhat Ban, nhdng cung nen dat, dia chat, danh gia kha nang<br /> xay dung trung tam Icy thuat dng<br /> phai de phdng de an toan hon. Theo xay ra dpng dat ma con quan tam<br /> pho sd co quoc gia va tai cac dia<br /> dng Tain, viec Ida chpn dia diem xay tdi kha nang bi anh hddng bdi dpng<br /> phUdng vdi he thdng cac tram do<br /> ddng nha may dien hat nhan cung dat td cac ndi khac lan de'n. Theo<br /> dac phdng xa, de co thong tin xd ly.<br /> het sdc quan trpng. Theo do, cd 3 do, khi xay ddng nha may dien hat<br /> Dong thdi can phai cd he thong lien<br /> van de can quan tam: Mdt la, hien nhan Ninh Thuan 1, ddn vi thiet ke<br /> ket vdi quoc te de khi can thiet cung<br /> tUdng td nhien co the lam mat an se phai cdng them mot cap khang cap thdng tin.<br /> toan cho nha may dien hat nhan, chan so vdi mdc dp chdng chiu<br /> TRAN LUTJ (SGGP)<br /> <br /> So 72+73 (3+4/2011) NANG LWONG VIETNAM [27]<br />