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Si9(239)-2015 N G 6 N NGC & Bin S6NG INGOAI NGO" VOl BAN NOtJ) VAN NGON TRONG TIENG HAN HIEN D.^ VEM^TTir vylvG OLD CHINESE IN MODERN CHINESE IN TERMS OF LEXICAL MEANINGS PH^MNGQCHAM (PGS. T S ; D»i hf c Ngo»i ngS, 8 H Q G H i NJi) Abstract: In the development process from old Chinese to modem Chinese, some luiguistic phenomena in old Chinese have still been remained and kept evident characteristics of written meaning. Through analyzing the use of lexicons appearing frequently m old Chinese, this article aims to highlight the features of old Chinese in modem Chinese in terms of lexical meanings Key words: Old Chinese; modem Chinese; lexicon. LB^tvindi Tiung vin khdng chi li b^ch tho^ m i cdn bao gim ci vin ngda Trung vin li t ^ gpi chung cho ci hai tiii niy...Vin ngdn n g ^ gpn, cao nhi, cd till nil kit c i kim.. .Niu mOt ngudi khdng hpc vin ngdn, chi hpc thuin tiiy b^ch tho^i thi vin phong hp viit sStiidngtpc m i khdng tcang nhi " p.]. Trong qui trinh phit triin tit vin ngdn sang bpdi thofi, tn$t so hipn tupng ngdn ngfi' trong vin ngdn vSn dupc luu gifi, gii^ cho v i ^ biiu d^t mang d$m sic tiiii but ngit. Do dd, v i ^ n ^ ^ ciiu cic yiu t i vin ngdn trong t i ^ Hin h i ^ d^i, v|ln dvmg vio thvic tiSn giao ti^ tieng Hin li vd cdng quan trpng vi dntiiiit Vdi vai trd limOt trong cic bp{di^ciu tiiinh cda vin ngdn, h$ tiling tit vyng trong vin ngdn bao gim mOt Idlii lupng khong l i til ngtt. Hp tiling tit vvmg dd chia tiiinh thvic tit v i h u tit. Thvic tittiongvin ngdn bao gim: danh tit (^ilipfni cha, g mtic mit, ^ n/iTtai, d$ng til (Iff hdnh di/ lim , fqJHXihdi, ^drchuyinddi, ^itMviitbd, $ lira ch^), hlnh dung til/tinh tit (:^ dia'to/to Idn , fijuysang, !^I>^MnXd^tit()Sd/kia, lit "nrniy, {RT Ad nhu tiii nio)... Hu tit trong vin ngdn ngoii y n^Ha ngit phip la, m$t so hu tit nhu # g u i &dd, ^K... cdn cd gii t:j biiutil)ngiing ng^ vl cic vin bin vin ngdn vin khdng cd diu du. Diiu ding chd ^ li, til vvmg trong vin ngdn chii y i u l i t i t d o n i m tiit, titdaim tiit chiim ti Ip rit t h ^ . Tuy nhi&i, tit vin ngdn phit trial thinh b^ch tin^i, xu hudng song tiit hda c h i ^ uu tiii. Dd li diiu khic bi$t CO bin nhit giOa tiing Hin ci did vi tiing Hin h i ^ d(d ve m$t tit vvmg. Trong qui taMi dd, m$t hipng khdng nhd til v^mg bong vin ngdn vin phit huy vai tid thi hi$n'pliong cich bdt ngtt vi cd SVI khic bi$t nhat djnh so vdi cic ttt ngit tuong dng trong tiing Hin h i ^ d^i. Bii viit tiidng qua phin tich cich ddng ciia mOt si ttt ngtt thudng xuit h i ^ tiong vin ngdn, nhim lim ndi rd d$c d i ^ niy. 2. Vfin ngon trong tiing Hin hifn dfi trSn Unh difn tit vyng Nhu tien di phin tfch, ttt vin ngSn phit tii^ sang b^ch tliofii, tit don tiit di Axjc song tiit hda. Vi dvi: nr Wia ^ W W WaJ * © c d o - * Silf a i ) ti; ^tri -^ J n i t tri dgo; H bdng-> ^ik bdng bien; % phi-> %^ iM hOu; •& bdn-> J J f l bSt cing: ^ sdt -^M^ quan sdt; R ddn -* A Si nhdn ddn ( ^ H t t lio bich tinh: mudn din tiim hp),-# iW r^ jac#pW/« *«;• t l sr ^ a * ] duong sa; Ikdia -^ ^ik Id tha; U hudng-^ ii B. Iming thd; ill sodi -^ ^Mtudng; Bi/Kyim ^ WR didoyim; 0 viit -^TH. thuyit; H vdn T>l}f (teiA,- 84 N G 6 N N G C & Ddi S 6 N G ikdu^^^m (ft) -^UntyffM) M (ft ) ->chiiu(kmh);mthi-^9khdn;Atdu-*l& bdo;^ca->^ nga; M <&•:» E dm... NhOngtit& biiutiijdfng tic, hinh vi d thi hoin tiiinh, sy vife di xiyra.in T a B ^ ^ K l * tiiong duong vdi ffi fi B ^ ¥ W*lil. TilWittai bong ti^g Hin ci d^ cd nghii li den, di din. Tling Vift ciing mupn tyu vdi ngUa t^yt^\xttiutntdr^titttu,ddnxulainhuthifytvu ffijBflWAss, msmmm, ms.mni»m ha (din didng ch^ytiieolpi ich nhiiu nhu nude chiy vi chi biing). TrongtioigHin hi^ d^ It Giio hlnh Viet tiing Hin). Trong tiing Hin hifn d»i, ttt ffi ho|c iSfe^ I(iu thudng dupc stt dyng nhu mft phd ttt biiu til) thudng dttng trong mpi trudng hpp. Ttt ^ mdc, hinh dpng xiyranhanh didng, dl ding. Ngoii ra, iS dvcvlitil ghip Pfi^ mdc due vin thudng I t 1^ cdn c6 nhftng cidi dttng nhu sau: dttng trong vin ngdn, nhung rit it xuit hifn vi d^ bift li khdng dttng dfc l$pfixingtiing Hin hifn d^. Vi dp (1), A ^ nh^ dye vdi nghla li 9JjSt#|S|^%^ (di tlm/vio phdng lim) li mft cpm ttt ci djnh, khdng thi tich rdi hai ttt A n/Hip (vio) vi ^ 0 ^ (tim) di dan xen cichtiiinhphin khic vio dupc. AJS kit hpp vdi Jbiife, iSt, i t * % lim phong phii thfm cich biiu d^t, vdi cttng mft khii nifm mi dupc thi hifn bing nhitng ttt ngit khic nhau. (2) t a M B K 4 ± * I i i i g i i « a ± X W (4))R*'re«ffigS-&#fRlMSE«T«ja. (5) s4tt#fliHa±««fflffli«?PMism VI dy (4) % (|>u Um gidi tit, biong duong vdi M ddi, dttng di gidifliifudii bjpng (^H-&#H 0 : vin di hpp tictiiuongn^i)cho SVI tinh 0i ftSJE: bao dii y ki^). Trong Vi dy (5) K*» dttng vdi ndlla li (>^ c ^ / m cAfwi biong duong vdi ngl& von cd cua nd bong vin ngdn. Tiiy nhiSn, MiSf^^ffi (|iua»&illKiidilimftttttici (^nh, bong dd, khdngtiiitiiaytiiift i|iu l&ig ttt gin nghia bong ti&ig Hin hi^ d|i dupc. Niu nhu ngudi hpc nim bit dupc nghia vin cd etta nd bong fra-K;SBJSJfil4#-. (Bii phit biiu ciia Giang vin mdn, l(d liSn hf vditiingVifttillkhdng nhiing cd tie If giii vi sit dvmg ddng cym tit niy, mi cdn Ti?ch Din t»i E)»i hpc Quic Gia Hi Nfi). Si9(239V2015 NGdN NGC & Bin S6NG 85 hiiu Id ^ ngha cua ttt Vift gic Hin chua Vift hda <*S:iS x n i£>tg Aiir thuoc d nhfing noi cdng cfng, sSthitampttitW. ding tiidi cung tiiudng ^ l i M B * S * r xin Trong tiing Hin c i dju, # thyc lim dfng tit, tSing moo mudi din nhd mdy nhu trong dofn tuong duong vdi n^ i ^ ^ ) trong tiing Hin h i ^ "didng bio biy&i dyn^ sau (Qy: dfi. Trong mft so budng hpp, ti^g Hin hifn dfi (8)*:&^g*fflaift, s » # ® y . * « » vin sit dyng I ^ ngfam li ^ nhin (6) ain**ife5p*5p*A(5«^WA. (Giio binh khiu ngit) Tiong vi dy bta, • tfiKc lim dfng tit, biong duong vdi n^itig^r ^ ) b D n g t i ^ Hin hifn dfi. Di tiii hifn hinh vi tiiinh ciu, tiing Hin hifn dfitiiudngdttng i#lAiiift i # MnA cd tiii stt dyng bong mpi tiudng hpp. Tuy tihi&i, bong vin viit cdn cd tiii dttng M yeu ho$c ttt gjiip %W >ilti thinh Trong dd, M yeu vin xuit hifn trong vin ngdn, nhu ^^T§k^B <-i bdi yiu minh nguyil (Nguyft hf dfc chudc- Lf Bfch), bong tiing Hin hifn dfi, i^;iSu khdng dttng dfc Ifp mitiiudngkit hpp vdi mft tit khic lialj^^ingyeu (nhfn Idi mdi), i$i% tftM ;iSu (chin tiiinh mdi gpi), i ^ i f yeu thinh (mdi)... Cic budng hpp tren diu dim biotinhIjch SVI. Hon tiii, niu xuit hifn ^ >ilu till sictiiiivin viit cing Id nit TU dy: fS). (ffllilS»> Ttt ^ lAii'trong vin ngon n^Ha li khoan dung df hipng. Trong "Lufn ngfi", fliiy bd Khing Ttt bao dii vdi nhau vi dfo lim ngudi, Khing lit khing djnh Ngd dgo liidt iBqudn chi, (dfo ciia ta cd tiii xuy&i suit t ^ mpttit).Ttt dd chinh li £ l>W|gvi ^ Ifti^ tuong duong vdi ^ M i ^ xm i&tTC bit;mg thd. Tiiy nhifn, trong mpt si vin bin fing dyng, v3n xuit hifn MlAl^ vdi nghla ^xinihigc lugng thd.Vidih trong mft bin tiidng bio tuyin dyng cd ciu: (9).^Agi|4ffl^JBlHl. i^ cttng biiu thj ^ nghla moi m(Sr cdc/l lAto: trong vfin bin viit quy phfm, Hii dl? dttng trong vin sv cAi&t Ilun/i, niu bd M lAanAtillciu khdng tin bintii&lgthudng, i^ifm vi stt dyng ifng hon, sfic Ifi vi % jeu khdng dttng dfc l|p. Niutiiaybing M tiiii khiu ngft td n& hoa Nhfingtitngfi kit hpp vdi thinh till sic tiiii vin viit se md nhft Niu tiiay chdng ding khdng giing nhau. Vi dy, ^ qudn bing i S i i ;