che", rat c6 y nghia trong viec dap ling nhiing "cai ma ngitdi Idn<br />
muon hoc 6 hat cii dau va d bat ciiluc<br />
5. Triidng<br />
<br />
nao".<br />
<br />
dai hoc ban dem. Do'i tiidng cua triidng nay la<br />
<br />
ngiidi Idn. Cd sd vat chat - ky thuat la trUdng dai hoc ban ngay<br />
hoac cac triidng chinh quy khac.<br />
Ngoai ra, t a i Australia ciing c6 t r u n g tarn hoc tkp cong<br />
dong, nha van hoa, vien bao tang, cau lac bo c6 chiic nang giao<br />
due ngiidi Idn.<br />
<br />
Sau dai hoc<br />
(Dao tao thac sy va tien sy)<br />
<br />
Giao due cao trung eho<br />
ngadi Idn<br />
<br />
PHAT TRIEN GIAO DUG<br />
<br />
H I E N NAY<br />
<br />
Hinh 19. He thong giao due d Australia<br />
<br />
Giao dye ky t h u § t vk tilp<br />
tuc cho ngudi Idn<br />
<br />
sy<br />
<br />
Hl/OfNG<br />
<br />
T R O N G BI/OG<br />
X A Y DVNG<br />
<br />
6 VlfiT N A M<br />
<br />
KH6I<br />
<br />
DAU<br />
<br />
DINH<br />
<br />
X AHOI HOG<br />
<br />
•<br />
<br />
•<br />
<br />
TAP<br />
<br />
•<br />
<br />
•<br />
<br />
I. H E THONG GIAO DUG 6 V I E T NAM T R O N G THAP<br />
N I E N 2001-2010<br />
Dai hpe<br />
<br />
GSe<br />
<br />
trUdng kMc<br />
<br />
Theo Luat Giao due 2005, he thong giao due d Viet N a m bao<br />
gom 2 he thong t h a n h phan: giao due trong nha triidng (Giao due<br />
<br />
Gi&o due ti4n<br />
nghe nghiep<br />
<br />
Cao<br />
trung<br />
<br />
G\&o dye<br />
dSc bi$t<br />
<br />
Sd trung<br />
<br />
ban dau) v6i nhiing h i n h thilc to chiic giao due chinh quy va giao<br />
due thudng xuyen (giao due tiep tue) v6i nhiing h i n h thtfc to chile<br />
giao due khong chinh quy.<br />
<br />
Tieu hoe<br />
<br />
Hinh 20. Sd do gian Ivldc ve he thong giao due d Viet Nam hien nay<br />
<br />
Giao dye trade tuoi hpe<br />
<br />
G i a o due t i e p t^c<br />
<br />
G i a o d y e ban d a u<br />
<br />
( G i a o dye t h u i m g x u y e n )<br />
<br />
- T r u o n g m a m non, m a u giao<br />
<br />
- Cac Idp xoa m i i chir<br />
<br />
- Trucrng ph6 thong c^c ckp<br />
<br />
- Cac t r u o n g , lop b6 tiic t l ^ u hpc, T H C S . T H P T<br />
<br />
- T r u o n g T r u n g cap nglie<br />
- T r u o n g T r u n g cap chuyen nghi|p<br />
- T r u o n g Cao dang v a D?i hpc<br />
- T r u o n g cua cac Dokn the chinh<br />
trj<br />
<br />
- Cac trung tarn giao dye t h u o n g xuyen<br />
- Cac trung tani d?\e ngan h?n t u nhan<br />
- Cac trung tarn d?y t i n hpc, ngo?ii n g i l<br />
- Cac trung tani hpc t^p c g n g d o n g<br />
- B u u div'n van hoa x3<br />
- Cac loai hinh cau l^ic bp, nha vJn hoa<br />
- Cac to chirc hpc ham thy, hpc tir xa, t y hpc<br />
CO h u o n g dan.<br />
<br />
G'tio dye chinh quy<br />
<br />
184<br />
<br />
|<br />
<br />
Giao dye kliong chinh quy<br />
<br />
185<br />
<br />
Giao due ban dau tao dieu kien de ngUdi dan c6 the tiep tuc<br />
<br />
Trong n h i i n g nam tdi, neu ehufa eo mot quyet d i n h nao m6i<br />
<br />
di xa hdn theo he thong giao due thifdng xuyen. Do la ve ly thuyet<br />
<br />
ciia Dang va Nha nUde ve dieu ehinh l a i he thong giao due va dao<br />
<br />
ma xet. Con trong thxic te, ca giao due ehinh quy va giao due khong<br />
<br />
tao t h i k h u n g dao tao cua ea nifdc van theo sd do sau:<br />
<br />
ehinh quy d nUde ta mot mat dang tiep tue phat trien nhanh, t i n h<br />
bat on la r a t ro, va mat khae, no boe 16 mot so' khuyet t a t ma qua<br />
do thay dUde rSng, ca chat lUdng va so'liJdng giao due, ehung ta con<br />
mot khoang each kha xa doi vdi mot nen giao due hien dai.<br />
<br />
H i n h 21. So( do k h u n g d a o t a o of V i e t N a m h i e n n a y<br />
<br />
Dao tao<br />
lit'ri sv<br />
fc)ao 190<br />
<br />
SiJ van hanh eiia he thong giao due t r e n day trong nhutng<br />
<br />
thac sy<br />
(cat) hoc)<br />
<br />
nam tru:dc mat phai dap ling dtfde 3 yeu cau ed ban, t a m goi la 3P:<br />
- P I : Phd c$p giao due: Phan dau den nam 2010 pho cap<br />
<br />
Ilam liiu<br />
dai<br />
<br />
dUde T r u n g hoc cd sd va den 2020 pho cap dUde t r i n h do T r u n g<br />
<br />
h^c<br />
<br />
Ham thu<br />
cao dSng<br />
<br />
Cao<br />
<br />
hoe trong do tuoi.<br />
<br />
dang<br />
<br />
- P2: Phat trien nguon nhan lUc: Tifng hxidc nang cao chat<br />
lUdng nguon nhan lUc dap iing n h i i n g doi hoi cua sii nghiep cong<br />
<br />
Ham<br />
<br />
nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa, dong thdi c6 mot bo phan lao dong d i i<br />
t r i n h do di vao k i n h t e t r i thiie.<br />
- P3: Phuc vu nhu cau hoc tap hing<br />
<br />
ngay cua nhan<br />
<br />
Tiniig h(,K<br />
<br />
Tiling c j p<br />
<br />
pho thong<br />
<br />
c h u y c n nghiep<br />
<br />
Trung cap<br />
nahe<br />
<br />
dan.<br />
<br />
Thuc hien n h i i n g h i n h thtfe hoc da dang de thoa man yeu cau can<br />
gi hoc nay trong tijfng cong dong.<br />
<br />
a. Von con ngiidi (Human<br />
<br />
Capital): Nguon von nay the hien<br />
<br />
Bo<br />
<br />
tuc<br />
<br />
Iriing<br />
<br />
sail<br />
hoc<br />
<br />
Bo tuc<br />
IHPT<br />
Dao tao<br />
nghc<br />
<br />
T m n g hpc<br />
CO so<br />
<br />
Bo tuc trung<br />
hoc ca so<br />
<br />
Viec dap ting yeu cau 3P t r e n day se l a m cho trong xa hoi ta<br />
CO diidc 3 nguon von quan trong:<br />
<br />
lliv i m i i u c;ip<br />
<br />
c h u y e n iiyliicp<br />
<br />
Ticu hoc<br />
<br />
—J<br />
<br />
Bo tuc tieu<br />
hyc<br />
<br />
d trong m6i con ngUdi 3 k h i a canh khac nhau " T r i hoc - Tam hoc<br />
- The hoc " thong qua giao due ve t r i thijfc, t l ^ i do, k y nang song,<br />
<br />
Nha trc,<br />
niau giao<br />
<br />
Xoa mil<br />
cha<br />
<br />
h a n h v i i i n g x i i c6 van hoa...<br />
b. Von xa hoi (Social Capital):<br />
<br />
Do la sU gSn ket cua cong<br />
<br />
dong, sU dong t h u a n trong cong dong trifdc n h i i n g van de sinh<br />
ton n h i i k i n h te, van hoa, an n i n h , moi trifdng sinh t h a i . . .<br />
e. Von to chile (Organizational<br />
<br />
Capital):<br />
<br />
Nguon von nay<br />
<br />
the hien b t i n h t h ^ n l a m viec theo l u a t (Law), doi x i i t h a n ai<br />
(fairness), g i n bo theo t i n h t h a n dong doi (Team Work).<br />
186<br />
<br />
So sanh he giao due ehinh quy va giao due khong ehinh quy<br />
1 ci Viet N a m , ta thay n h i i n g cong viec nang ne, kho k h a n phiic tap<br />
: thiidng gap d he thong thit hai, cu the la:<br />
187<br />
<br />
- Npi dung, chUdng t r i n h , phiidng phap trong he thong giao<br />
<br />
Viec xay dUng xa hoi hoc tap khong the thap hdn bdi c( lang,<br />
<br />
due khong chinh quy het siic da dang va phiic tap, n h u cau hoc<br />
<br />
xa khong bao gid c6 du he thong giao due chinh quy va giao due<br />
<br />
giiia tang con ngiidi, t i i n g cong dong rat khac nhau;<br />
<br />
khong chinh quy de c6 the dUng nen cae cau true xa hoi hoe tap. Tuy<br />
<br />
- So' lUdng ngUdi theo hoc d he thong khong chinh quy gan<br />
<br />
nhien, k h i dUng sd do ve cau triic xa hoi hoc tap t h i nhiing ed sd giao<br />
due n h u d buon lang, thon, ban, khom, ap... v i n c6 the mo ta dUdc.<br />
<br />
gap 3 Ian so v6i he thong chinh quy.<br />
- Cong viec nang ne nhat va biic bach nhat cua he thong giao<br />
due khong chinh quy la tiep tuc xoa m u chiJ cho khong i t ngUdi<br />
(ma hau het la d dia ban het sxic kho khan ve k i n h te), cho'ng t a i<br />
mu chut thong qua cong tac bo tuc sau m u chii va bo tuc tieu hoc.<br />
Hinh 22. Giao due chinh quy va khong chinh quy of Viet Nam<br />
<br />
a. Cac to chvtc giao due chinh<br />
<br />
quy:<br />
<br />
Tren dia ban nay chu yeu gom c6:<br />
- Nha tre, triidng Idp miu<br />
<br />
giao: Tuy theo dieu kien cua<br />
<br />
tUng dia phUdng ma ngudi ta xay dUng nha tre, trUdng m ^ m non<br />
(bao gom ca cd sd nuoi day tre v a 16p mau giao) hoae trUdng, 16p<br />
mku giao. Rat nhieu xa, phUdng, t h i t r a n c6 he thong nha tre v a<br />
trUdng Idp mku giao t u nhan, nhung ve h i n h thulc no van theo<br />
<br />
Tieu clii' chat luong<br />
<br />
Mnc tieu giao due<br />
<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
<br />
Nhan cacli<br />
Nhan luc<br />
Nlian tai<br />
<br />
C o ban<br />
He thong<br />
Giao due chinh quy<br />
(clio khoang 25 irieu<br />
ngirai)<br />
<br />
chUdng t r i n h giao due chinh quy. Theo quy dinh ctia L u a t Giao<br />
due hien hanh, he nha tre, m l u giao eo trach nhiem nuoi day tre<br />
tii lot long den het 5 tuoi.<br />
- TrUdng tieu hoc: Dau vao cua trUdng tieu hoc la tre d u<br />
6 tuoi. 6 nu6c ta, tieu hoe la cap hoc dau tien c6 tut Idp 1 den<br />
Idp 5. Viec pho cap giao due cap hoe nay dung do tuoi da dUdc<br />
<br />
Giao due khong chinh quy<br />
(cho tren duai 60 Irieu<br />
nguai)<br />
<br />
hoan thanh vao nam 2000. (Da so'cae nUde t r e n t h e g i d i xay dUng<br />
trUdng tieu hoc 6 nam).<br />
<br />
iMue lieu giao dii<br />
<br />
Tieu chi chat lupng<br />
<br />
- Trudng trung hoc cd sd: TrUdng t r u n g hoc cd sd eo t\i Idp<br />
6 den Idp 9 (tiic la thdi gianhoc c! cap hoc nay l a 4 nam). Cho den<br />
<br />
•<br />
•<br />
•<br />
<br />
Dan Iri<br />
Nhan li,rc<br />
Giao d^lc dai chiing<br />
<br />
•<br />
•<br />
<br />
Hiiel thvc, hull dung<br />
Cap nhat hicn dai<br />
<br />
nay, t r u n g hoc cd sd hau nhU dUdc xay dUng d moi xa, phUdng t h i<br />
tra'n. Co the den 2010, d nUde ta se hoan t h a n h ve cd ban muc tieu<br />
pho cap giao due t r u n g hoc cd sd diing do tuoi.<br />
<br />
1. He t h o n g giao due of x a , phi:rc?ng, t h i t r a n h i e n nay<br />
Xay dung ca nU6c t h a n h mot xa hoi hoc tap ciing giong nhU<br />
xay dung mot ngoi n h a cao tang, m a n e u lay cap h a n h c h i n h de<br />
p h a n d i n h cac t a n g n h a thi cap x a , phudng, thi t r a n n h U t a n g<br />
<br />
b. Cac tochvfc<br />
<br />
giao due khong<br />
<br />
chinh<br />
<br />
quy:<br />
<br />
Tren dia ban xa, phUdng, t h i t r a n c6 cae thie't che giao due<br />
chu yeu sau:<br />
- Trung tarn hoc tap cong dong. Cd sci giao due nay giup ngUdi<br />
dan "can gi hoc nay". Sau nhieu nam xay dUng va phat t r i e n cac<br />
<br />
n h a thap nhat.<br />
<br />
188<br />
<br />
189<br />
<br />
t r u n g tarn hoc tap cong dong the hien diidc vai tro tich cUc cua<br />
<br />
(nhat la xa mien niii) q u a rong, ngUdi ta to chiic nha van hoa d<br />
<br />
chung n h i i sau:<br />
<br />
cac ban, lang hoac cac cum dan c U . Noi dung sinh boat d nha van<br />
<br />
+ Gop phan cung co' va nang cao hieu qua cong tac xoa m u<br />
chii va ho trO vao viec pho cap giao due tieu hoc, t r u n g hoc cd sd;<br />
+ Nang cao dan t r i , nang cao nang lUc san xuat, ttfng budc<br />
giiip ngUdi dan c6 t r i thilc va ky nang xoa doi giam ngheo;<br />
+ Tao them nghe phu cho ngUdi dan, nhat la nong dan, nhd<br />
do tang them t h u nhap, cai thien ddi song;<br />
+ Giiip ngUdi dan c6 them kien thijfc ve H i e n phap va Phap<br />
luat cung n h u n h i i n g van ban dudi luat da dtfdc ban hanh. Hien<br />
nay, trong chUdng t r i n h hoc tap ve L u a t , cac t r u n g tarn thUdng<br />
gidi thieu Luat Lao dong, Luat Giao due, L u a t Hon nhan va gia<br />
dinh, Luat Cham soc va bao ve tre em, L u a t Giao thong...<br />
+ Cung cap cho ngUdi dan nhflng kien thilc ve phong benh<br />
va chiJa benh, thifdng thilc y te, difdng sinh, dinh diidng, the due<br />
- the thao...<br />
-Cau<br />
<br />
lac ho khuyen<br />
<br />
nong, khuyen<br />
<br />
lam, khuyen<br />
<br />
ngu.<br />
<br />
Cac<br />
<br />
cau lac bo nay thUdng sinh boat theo cac ehuyen de ve san xuat, ve<br />
<br />
hoa thUdng phong phu va da dang.<br />
- Cau lac bo su'c khoe, diidng sinh, tha ca, the thao,<br />
nghe... Loai h i n h nay<br />
<br />
dUdc<br />
<br />
van<br />
<br />
to chiic ngay trong cac xom ap, cac to<br />
<br />
chile dan c U . O nong thon hien nay thUdng thay Cau lac bo cua<br />
ngifdi cao tuoi, Cau lac bo cua Ciiu giao chile, Cau lac bo cua C i i u<br />
chien binh, cau lac bo the thao cua t h a n h nien, cau lac bq cua cac<br />
ba me tre...<br />
- Cac Idp day nghe, truyen<br />
<br />
nghe trong cd sd san xuat. ^<br />
<br />
Thong thUdng, e a c 16p day nghe gan vdi nguon nguyen lieu dia<br />
phUdng, g i n vdi cac cd sd san xuat t h u cong va tieu t h u cong nhU<br />
Idp day nghe may tre dan, Idp day nghe det chieu, Idp day nghe<br />
lam non, Idp day nghe i n liidi, san xuat hang my nghe, do sil, che<br />
tac, dieu khfic...<br />
- Cac hinh thiic hoc nghe tii nhan.<br />
Day la n h i i n g to chile day nghe mang t i n h kem cap. So'<br />
liidng hoc vien thUdng i t v i du day chiia xe dap, day sila dong ho,<br />
day cat toe, day may, day lam biin, day nau an... NgUdi day nghe<br />
<br />
ky t h u a t nuoi trong, danh hit t h u y san, ve bao quan san pham...<br />
<br />
thUdng la eac tieu ehu. Ciing c6 h i n h thiie kem cap nghe trong cac<br />
<br />
Do noi dung ehuyen de thUdng hap d i n bdi t i n h t h i e t thUe va bo<br />
<br />
to thd moc, t h d ne, to san xuat haAg sdn mai...<br />
<br />
ieh nen songiidi t h a m gia cau lac bo r a t dong dao.<br />
<br />
-Thu:<br />
<br />
vien xa hoac tu sach cua thon ban. T h u vien hoac t i i<br />
<br />
BUu dien van hoa xa lam<br />
<br />
sach r a t c6 tac dung do'i vdi ngifdi muon md rong kien thilc, nang<br />
<br />
nhiem vu dich vu thong t i n difdc nhieu ngUdi dan den de dUdc dap<br />
<br />
cao hoe van, nhat la n h i i n g ngiidi t i i hoc. Viec to chile thu( vien<br />
<br />
ling nhijtng nhu cau hoc tap thiet than. So'bitu dien van hoa nay tuy<br />
<br />
nho hoac t i l sach thiidng ddn gian, ehi can mot vai ngiidi lam<br />
<br />
chifa nhieu den miic xa, phUdng nao cung c6, nhifng ve so liidng<br />
<br />
quan ly sach va hiidng d i n , gidi thieu doc sach bao va t a i lieu<br />
<br />
dang tiep tue tang nhanh va eo the tien tdi xa, phUdng, t h i tran nao<br />
<br />
t h a m khao.<br />
<br />
- Bm<br />
<br />
dien van hoa xa, phildng.<br />
<br />
cung CO BUu dien van hoa.<br />
<br />
- Hoc tap tit xa. H i n h thilc nay thong thufdng dUde giao<br />
<br />
- Nha van hoa. La ndi to ehtic giao l i i u van hoa, van nghe,<br />
<br />
vien t i e u hoc, can bo k y t h u a t nong nghiep hoac t h u y, mot<br />
<br />
met ra nhieu ehuyen de van hoa bo leh. O nhiJng vung dia ban xa<br />
<br />
so' can bo xa con tre... theo hoc. H i e n nay, h i n h thilc hoe t i i xa<br />
<br />
190<br />
<br />
191<br />
<br />
t h U d n g q u a viec hoc q u a thxX, q u a t a i l i e u hu:6ng d a n t u ! t r u n g<br />
<br />
H i n h 23. H e t h o n g g i a o d u e t o n g q u a t 6 x a , phifcfng, t h i t r a n<br />
<br />
t a m hoc t a p tii x a c h u j ' e n d e n ngUdi hoc q u a b U u d i e n . O x a ,<br />
uy D a n g va c h i n h q u y e n Q u ? n . h u y ? n<br />
<br />
cap<br />
<br />
p h U d n g d a b a t d a u c6 n g i f d i hoc q u a m a y t h u t h a n h , t h u h i n h . . .<br />
<br />
(Phong G D v a<br />
<br />
DT)<br />
<br />
R a t i t ( h a u n h a k h o n g c6) n g U d i hoc q u a m a n g I n t r a n e t hoac<br />
T r u n g lam giao<br />
<br />
I n t e r n e t b d i cd sci x a , p h i i d n g h i e n t h U d n g chufa c6 viec n o i m a n g<br />
<br />
dye<br />
<br />
thuoiig xuyen Qnyn. huy?n<br />
<br />
qua may tinh.<br />
<br />
- Cd sd tCe thien nuoi day tre cd hoan canh dac biet<br />
<br />
Cap<br />
<br />
u y va c h i n h q u y ^ n xa. p h u o u g . t h j Iran<br />
<br />
L o a i h i n h n a y c h u a p h a t t r i e n . (3 n h i i n g n d i c6 l o a i cd sd<br />
n a y t h i h o a t d o n g c h u y e u l a n u o i t r e t h i e t t h o i , con viec hoc t a p<br />
<br />
Ttuong<br />
<br />
N h a van<br />
<br />
THCS<br />
<br />
hoa<br />
<br />
Bmi<br />
<br />
di^n<br />
<br />
van<br />
<br />
hoa<br />
<br />
T r u n g tam<br />
<br />
hpc<br />
<br />
19P c p n g d o n g<br />
<br />
c u a t r e t h U d n g n h d n h a t r U d n g c h i n h quy.<br />
<br />
- Cd sd sin xuat nhan tre cd hoan canh dac biet.<br />
<br />
tiic<br />
<br />
T n m g tam<br />
<br />
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cac l o a i h i n h da c6 va d a n g v a n h a n h . Con t r e n t h u c te, k h o n g p h a i<br />
xa, phvfdng, t h i t r a n nao c i i n g c6 day du cac to chiic giao due ay, m a<br />
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t i e u hpc<br />
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hpc<br />
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t r o n g C O so<br />
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n h a t r e , trutdng m l u giao, t r U d n g t i e u hoc. M o t so' x a v i i n g s a u ,<br />
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xoa<br />
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Cac<br />
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lac<br />
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T u sach<br />
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Nhom irc lioac<br />
mau giao<br />
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x a p h i i d n g chUa c6 T r u n g t a m hoc t a p c o n g d o n g . S o ' l U d n g b U u<br />
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I h o n ban<br />
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d i e n v a n h o a c o n i t h d n t r u n g t a m hoc t a p c o n g d o n g . H a u h e t<br />
cac x a , p h U d n g , t h i t r a n d e u c6 cac l o a i h i n h c a u lac bo, n h a<br />
v a n hoa.<br />
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G i a o dye c h i n h<br />
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G i a o dMC k h o n g c h i n h<br />
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