Animal biochemistry

Glofish is the first transgenic animal approved to be consumed by human in the USA  The insertion of different constructs of GFP into the fish genomes to give different green colors.The idea for recombinant DNA was first proposed by Peter Lobban, a graduate student of Prof. Dale Kaiser in the Biochemistry Department at Stanford University Medical School. The first publications describing the successful production and intracellular replication of recombinant DNA appeared in 1972 and 1973.

54p zingzing09 24-04-2013 77 5   Download

In diabetic patients, the body does not produce enough insulin or not properly respond to insulin. Insulin is a hormone produced by -cells of the pancreas. It stimulates the cells to absorb the glucose from the blood and its hyposecretion may leads to the over accumulation of glucose in the blood and often leading to various complications.

82p spiritedaway36 26-11-2021 18 2   Download

Trypanosoma brucei is the cause of the diseases known as sleeping sickness in humans (T. brucei ssp. gambiense and ssp. rhodesiense) and ngana in domestic animals (T. brucei brucei) in Africa. Procyclic trypomastigotes, the tsetse vector stage, express a surface-bound trans-sialidase that transfers sialic acid to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor of procyclin, a surface glycoprotein covering the parasite surface. Trans-sialidase is a unique enzyme expressed by a few trypanosomatids that allows them to scavenge sialic acid from sialylated compounds present in the infected host. ...

10p system191 01-06-2013 44 4   Download

Dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) reduces dehydro-ascorbate (DHA) to ascorbate with glutathione (GSH) as the electron donor. We analyzed the reactionmechanismof spinach chloroplast DHAR, which had a much higher reaction specificity for DHA than animal enzymes, using a recombinant enzyme expressed inEscherichia coli. Kinetic analysis suggested that the reaction proceeded by a bi-uni-uni-uni-ping-pong mechanism, in which binding of DHA to the free, reduced formof the enzyme was followed bybindingofGSH....

8p tumor12 20-04-2013 47 6   Download

A number of proteins related to the homotetrameric trans-port protein transthyretin (TTR) forms a highly conserved protein family, whichwe present in an integrated analysis of data from different sources combined with an initial bio-chemical characterization.Homologues of the transthyretin-relatedprotein (TRP) canbe found inawide rangeof species including bacteria, plants and animals, whereas transthyre-tinshave so faronlybeen identified invertebrates.

15p tumor12 20-04-2013 44 2   Download

The herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase⁄ganciclovir (HSV-tk⁄GCV) sys-tem that selectively depletes cells expressing HSV-tk upon treatment with GCV has provided a valuable tool for developing a new animal model expressing the desired tissue damage. In this paper, an HSV-tk vector with an albumin promoter⁄enhancer was constructed. Based on the favourable killing effect on Hep-G2 cells by the recombinant construct, the HSV-tk transgenic mouse strains were developed.

9p awards 06-04-2013 53 3   Download

During a search for cDNAs encoding plant sterol acyl-transferases, we isolated four full-length cDNAs fromAra-bidopsis thaliana that encode proteins with substantial identity with animal lecithin : cholesterol acyltransferases (LCATs). The expressionof one of these cDNAs,AtLCAT3 (At3g03310), invarious yeast strains resulted in the doubling of the triacylglycerol content.

13p awards 05-04-2013 40 4   Download

Propionate is used to protect bread and animal feed from moulds. The mode of action of this short-chain fatty acid was studied usingAspergillus nidulansas a model organism. The filamentous fungus is able to grow slowly on propio-nate, which is oxidized to acetyl-CoA via propionyl-CoA, methylcitrate and pyruvate. Propionate inhibits growth of A. nidulanson glucose but not on acetate; the latter was shown to inhibit propionate oxidation.

15p awards 05-04-2013 46 3   Download

Cn12 isolated from the venom of the scorpionCentruroides noxiushas 67 amino-acid residues, closely packed with four disulfide bridges.Its primary structure and disulfide bridges were determined.Cn12 is not lethal to mammals and arthropodsin vivoat doses up to 100lgper animal.Its3D structure was determined by proton NMR using 850 dis-tance constraints, 36 /angles derived from 36 coupling constants obtained by two different methods, and 22 hydrogen bonds.

13p dell39 03-04-2013 47 3   Download

On the basis of a partial N-terminal sequence, Jolle`s and Jolle`s [Jolle`s, J., & Jolle`s, P. (1975)Eur. J. Biochem.54, 19–23] previously proposed that the lysozyme from the starfishAsterias rubensrepresents a new form of lysozyme, called typei(invertebrate) lysozyme. Indeed, it differed from both the typesc(chicken) and g(goose) known in other animals, as well as from plant and phage lysozymes. Recently, several proteins belonging to the same family have been isolated from protostomes. Here we report the com-plete mature protein sequence and cDNA sequence of the lysozyme from Asterias. ...

6p dell39 03-04-2013 42 2   Download

Aryl acid adenylation domains are the initial enzymes for aryl-capping of catecholic siderophores in a plethora of microorganisms. In order to over-come the problem of iron acquisition in host organisms, siderophore bio-synthesis is decisive for virulence development in numerous important human and animal pathogens.

11p dell39 27-03-2013 29 3   Download

Signal transduction mediated by heterotrimeric G proteins regulates a wide variety of physiological functions. We are interested in the manipulation of G-protein-mediating signal transduction using G-protein-coupled receptors, which are derived from evolutionarily distant organisms and recognize unique ligands.

9p inspiron33 23-03-2013 49 5   Download

Sciadonic acid (20:3D-5,11,14) and juniperonic acid (20:4 D-5,11,14,17) are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that lack the D-8 double bond of arachidonic acid (20:4 D-5,8,11,14) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 D-5,8,11,14,17), respectively.

10p galaxyss3 19-03-2013 43 2   Download

Cadmium ions are a potent carcinogen in animals, and cadmium is a toxic metal of significant environmental importance for humans. Response curves were used to investigate the effects of cadmium chloride on the growth of Camplyobacter jejuni. In vitro, the bacterium showed reduced growth in the presence of 0.1 mmcadmium chloride, and the metal ions were lethal at 1 mmconcentration.

13p vinaphone15 28-02-2013 55 2   Download

Prokaryotes, yeasts and plants synthesize thiamin (vitamin B1) via complex pathways. Animal cells capture the vitamin through specific high-affinity transporters essential for internal thiamin homeostasis. Inside the cells, thi-amin is phosphorylated to higher phosphate derivatives. Thiamin diphos-phate (ThDP) is the best-known thiamin compound because of its role as an enzymatic cofactor.

9p viettel02 22-02-2013 32 3   Download

In ruminants, some leaf-eating animals, and some insects, defensive lyso-zymes have been adapted to become digestive enzymes, in order to digest bacteria in the stomach. Digestive lysozyme has been reported to be resis-tant to protease and to have optimal activity at acidic pH. The structural basis of the adaptation providing persistence of lytic activity under severe gastric conditions remains unclear.

9p viettel02 22-02-2013 38 3   Download

The discovery that microRNAs (miRNAs) are synthesized as hairpin-con-taining precursors and share many features has stimulated the development of several computational approaches for identifying new miRNA genes in various animal species.

7p viettel02 22-02-2013 41 3   Download

Gene switches have potential applications for the regulation of transgene expression in plants and animals. Recently, we have developed a two-hybrid ecdysone receptor (EcR) gene switch using chimera 9 [CH9, a chi-mera between helices 1–8 ofHomo sapiensretinoid X receptor (HsRXR) and helices 9–12 ofLocusta migratoriaRXR (LmRXR)] as a partner for Choristoneura fumiferanaEcR (CfEcR).

11p viettel02 19-02-2013 32 2   Download

The response of animals to hypoxia is mediated by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor. Human hypoxia-inducible factor is regulated by four Fe(II)- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases: prolyl hydroxylase domain enzymes 1–3 catalyse hydroxylation of two prolyl-residues in hypoxia-inducible factor, triggering its degradation by the proteasome.

11p viettel02 19-02-2013 15 3   Download

Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-c sup-presses proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and therefore ameliorates the development of pulmonary hypertension in animal models. However, the molecular mechanisms under-lying this effect remain largely unknown.

8p mobifone23 18-01-2013 39 2   Download