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Disulfide bridge
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This study aimed to design a nanocarrier system for the efficient delivery of poorly soluble drugs in cancer treatment. Nanogel systems were prepared from copolymers of Heparin and different Pluronics, in which the Hep-Plu conjugates were formed via disulfide bridges of cystamine molecules. The obtained Hep-Plu systems were proved and characterized using specific techniques including H-NMR, zeta potential, DLS and FT-IR.
8p
dianmotminh02
03-05-2024
3
1
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This study aimed to synthesize a nanogel system based on Heparin (Hep) and Pluronic F127 (F127) copolymers with optimal Hep:F127 ratio for delivering poor water soluble drug and Platinum-based drugs. Firstly, Hep-F127 conjugates were formed via disulfide bridges of cystamine molecules.
8p
viwarmachine
01-07-2023
7
3
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A mesophilic xylanase PjxA from Penicillium janthinellum MA21601 has high specific activity under acidic condition and holds great potential for applications in the animal feed industry.
9p
vihamax2711
21-04-2020
11
1
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In this paper, we investigated the role of the disulfide bridge in the structural stability of wild-type human neuroglobin. The classical simulation of the neuroglobin without the disulfide bridge was performed for a long simulation run of 240 ns using a new parameter set of Gromos96 force field and the latest data entry as the initial topologies. We used the analyzed data of original neuroglobin with the remained disulfide bridge to compare to the ones from this simulation.
8p
thuyliebe
08-10-2018
18
0
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Froma cDNA library of Chinese scorpionButhus martensii Karsch, full-length cDNAs of 351 nucleotides encoding precursors (named BmKIM) that contain signal peptides of 21 amino acid residues, a mature toxin of 61 residues with four disulfide bridges, and an extra Gly-Lys-Lys tail, were isolated. The genomic sequence of BmKIM was cloned and sequenced; it consisted of two exons disrupted by an intron of 1622 bp, the largest known in scorpion toxin genomes, inserted in the region encoding the signal peptide. The cDNA was expressed inEscherichia coli....
8p
research12
23-04-2013
33
1
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The uptake by mammalian cells of phosphorothioate oli-gonucleotides was compared with that of their respective complexes or conjugates with cationic, cell-penetrating model peptides of varying helix-forming propensity and amphipathicity. An HPLC-based protocol for the synthesis and purification of disulfide bridged conjugates in the 10– 100 nmol range was developed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in combination with gel-capillary electrophoresis and laser induced fluorescence detection (GCE-LIF) revealed cytoplasmic and nuclear accumula-tion in all cases. ...
8p
research12
23-04-2013
43
1
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We previously purified and characterized a peptide toxin, birtoxin, from the South African scorpion Parabuthus transvaalicus. Birtoxin is a 58-residue, long chain neurotoxin that has a unique three disulfide-bridged structure. Here we report the isolation and characterization of ikitoxin, a pep-tide toxin with a single residue difference, and a markedly reducedbiological activity, frombirtoxin. Bioassays onmice showed that high doses of ikitoxin induce unprovoked jumps, whereas birtoxin induces jumps at a 1000-fold lower concentration. ...
8p
tumor12
22-04-2013
39
1
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Pi4 is a38-residue toxincross-linkedby fourdisulfidebridges that has been isolated from the venom of the Chactidae scorpion Pandinus imperator. Together with maurotoxin, Pi1, Pi7 andHsTx1, Pi4belongs to theaKTX6 subfamilyof short four-disulfide-bridged scorpion toxins acting on K + channels. Due to its very low abundance in venom, Pi4 was chemically synthesized in order to better characterize its pharmacology and structural properties.
10p
tumor12
20-04-2013
30
1
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Neutralizing and protective monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were used to fine-map the highlyconserved hemagglutinin noose epitope (H379–410, HNE) of themeasles virus. Short peptides mimicking this epitope were previouslyshown to induce virus-neutralizing antibodies [El Kasmi et al. (2000) J. Gen. Virol.81, 729–735]. The epitope contains three cys-teine residues, two of which (Cys386 and Cys394) form a disulfide bridge critical for antibodybinding.
13p
tumor12
20-04-2013
33
4
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To elucidate the structural features of the mussel defensin MGD1 required for antimicrobial activity, we synthesized a series of peptides corresponding to the main known secon-dary structures of the molecule and evaluated their activity towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and filamentous fungi. We found that the nonapeptide corres-ponding to residues 25–33 of MGD1 (CGGWHRLRC) exhibited bacteriostatic activity once it was cyclized by a non-naturally occurring disulfide bridge.
9p
fptmusic
16-04-2013
46
1
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The dimeric structure of seminal ribonuclease (BS-RNase) is maintained by noncovalent interactions and by two intersubunit disulfide bridges.Another unusual feature of this enzyme is its antitumour action, consisting in a cyto-toxic activity selective for malignant cells.This cytotoxic action is exerted when the protein reaches the cytosol of the affected cells, where it degrades ribosomal RNA, thus blocking protein synthesis and leading cells to death.
8p
fptmusic
16-04-2013
35
1
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Crotamine is a component of the venom of the snakeCro-talus durissus terrificusand it belongs to the myotoxin pro-tein family. It is a 42 amino acid toxin cross-linked by three disulfide bridges and characterized by a mild toxicity (LD50¼820lg per 25 g body weight, i.p. injection) when compared to other members of the same family. Nonethe-less, it possesses a wide spectrum of biological functions.
11p
fptmusic
16-04-2013
27
2
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Conotoxins are short, disulfide-rich peptide neurotoxins produced in the venom of predatory marine cone snails. It is generally accepted that an estimated 100 000 unique conotoxins fall into only a handful of structural groups, based on their disulfide bridging frameworks. This unique mole-cular diversity poses a protein folding problem of relationships between hypervariability of amino acid sequences and mechanism(s) of oxidative folding.
12p
awards
06-04-2013
38
1
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F-ATP synthase synthesizes ATP at the expense of ion motive forcebyarotarycouplingmechanism. Acentral shaft, subunitc, functionally connects the ion-driven rotary motor, FO, with the rotary chemical reactor, F1.Using polarized spectrophotometry we have demonstrated previ-ously the functional rotation of the C-terminala-helical portion ofcin the supposed ‘hydrophobic bearing’ formed by the (ab)3hexagon. In apparent contradiction with these spectroscopic results, an engineered disulfide bridge between thea-helixofcand subunitadidnot impair enzyme activity....
0p
awards
05-04-2013
36
1
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Cn12 isolated from the venom of the scorpionCentruroides noxiushas 67 amino-acid residues, closely packed with four disulfide bridges.Its primary structure and disulfide bridges were determined.Cn12 is not lethal to mammals and arthropodsin vivoat doses up to 100lgper animal.Its3D structure was determined by proton NMR using 850 dis-tance constraints, 36 /angles derived from 36 coupling constants obtained by two different methods, and 22 hydrogen bonds.
13p
dell39
03-04-2013
46
2
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Phaiodactylipinwaspurified fromthevenomof the scorpion Anuroctonus phaiodactylus. It is the first protein to be puri-fied from a scorpion of the family Iuridae and has a molecular mass of 19 172 atomic mass units. The mature protein is composedof two subunits, the large one consisting of 108 amino acid residues, whereas the small subunit has only 18 residues, and the structure is stabilized by five disulfide bridges. The heterodimer is expressed froma single message containing 769 base pairs and a signal peptide with 16 and/or 25 amino acid residues. ...
12p
dell39
03-04-2013
32
3
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The superfamily of proteins containing C-type lectin-like domains (CTLDs) is a large group of extracellular Metazoan proteins with diverse functions. The CTLD structure has a characteristic double-loop (‘loop-in-a-loop’) stabilized by two highly conserved disulfide bridges located at the bases of the loops, as well as a set of conserved hydrophobic and polar interactions.
39p
dell39
27-03-2013
33
3
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The Janus-faced atracotoxins are a unique family of excitatory peptide toxins that contain a rare vicinal disulfide bridge. Although lethal to a wide range of invertebrates, their molecular target has remained enigmatic for almost a decade.
15p
galaxyss3
07-03-2013
50
3
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The thermal stability of the eight functional units ofb-hemocyanin of the gastropodan mollusc Helix pomatiawas investigated by FTIR spectros-copy. Molluscan hemocyanin functional units have a molecular mass of approximately 50 kDa and generally contain three disulfide bridges: two in the mainly a-helical N-terminal domain and one in the C-terminal b-sheet domain.
8p
galaxyss3
07-03-2013
33
2
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The cystine-knot motif, made up of three intertwined disulfide bridges, is a unique feature of several toxins, cyclotides and growth factors, and occurs in a variety of species, including fungi, insects, molluscs and mammals. Growth factor molecules containing the cystine-knot motif serve as ligands for a diverse range of receptors and play an important role in extracellular signalling.
19p
cosis54
09-12-2012
54
2
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