Drug resistance

Acne is a common disorder, associated with inflammation of the sebaceous and bacterial hair follicle units and has diverse clinical manifestations. The most commonly mentioned causes and factors associated with the onset of acne in adulthood are hormones, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and the use of drugs and cosmetics.

7p vinara 11-01-2025 1 1   Download

Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium are prevalent pathogens in community and healthcare settings, often resistant to multiple antibiotics. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of virulence factors, drug resistance, and genetic determinants in clinical isolates in central Vietnam.

8p vihatake 06-01-2025 5 2   Download

Drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a global health problem. The diagnosis, treatment, and management of DR-TB are the major challenges to Vietnam National Tuberculosis Control Program. One of the most important solutions for overcoming this problem is developing reliable and low-cost methods, which have been proposed to Drug Susceptibility Testing (DST) to detect drug resistant tuberculosis.

6p viharuno 03-01-2025 16 2   Download

Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) is challenging public health problem in countries with high tuberculosis prevalence and limited resources. Developing and applying the most appropriate and effective methods for diagnosing DR-TB from clinical samples is necessary, allowing a more rapid detection method for large-scale screening.

7p viharuno 03-01-2025 5 2   Download

Lao đa kháng thuốc(Multi drug resistant Tuberculosis:MDRTB) là bệnh lao kháng với ít nhất 2 loại thuốc kháng lao mạnh là INH và Rifampicine.Lao siêu kháng thuốc(Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis:XDRTB) là loại MDRTB kháng với cả 1 loại flouroquinolone và ít nhất 1 loại thuốc tiêm hàng 2(kanamycin,amikacine và/hoặc capreomycin. )

30p tambinhlam 16-04-2011 253 50   Download

• Lao đa kháng thuốc (Multi drug resistant Tuberculosis:MDRTB) là bệnh lao kháng với ích nhất 2 loại thuốc kháng lao mạnh là INH và ̀ Rifampicine.

30p tambinhlam 15-04-2011 172 29   Download

The K103N substitution is a frequently observed HIV-1 RT mutation in patients who do not respond to combinationtherapy. The drugs Efavirenz, MSC194 and PNU142721 belong to the recent generation of NNRTIs characterized by an improved resistance profile to the most common single point mutations within HIV-1 RT, including the K103N mutation. In the present study we present structural observations from Efavirenz in complex with wild-type protein and the K103N mutant and PNU142721 and MSC194 in complex with the K103N mutant.

8p system191 01-06-2013 42 4   Download

The HIV-1 proteinase (PR) has proved to be a good target for antiretroviral therapy of AIDS, and various PR inhibi-tors are now in clinical use. However, there is a rapid selec-tionof viral variantsbearingmutations in theproteinase that are resistant to clinical inhibitors. Drug resistance also involves mutations of the nucleocapsid/p1 and p1/p6 clea-vage sites ofGag, bothin vitroandin vivo.

7p research12 23-04-2013 39 3   Download

The efficacy of antiretroviral agents approved for the treat-ment of HIV-1 infection is limited by the virus’s ability to develop resistance. As such there is an urgent need for new ways of thinking about anti-HIV drug development, and accordingly novel viral and cellular targets critical toHIV-1 replication need to be explored and exploited. The retroviral RNA genome encodes for three enzymes essential for viral replication: HIV-1 protease (PR), HIV-1 reverse transcrip-tase (RT) and HIV-1 integrase (IN). ...

9p tumor12 22-04-2013 36 2   Download

The nature of cGMP transport in human erythrocytes, its relationship to glutathione conjugate transport, and pos-sible mediation by multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) have been investigated. MRP1, MRP4 and MRP5 are detected in immunoblotting studies with erythrocytes. MRP1and MRP5 are also detected in multidrug resistant COR-L23/R and MOR/R cells but at greatly reduced levels in the parent, drug sensitive COR-L23/P cells. MRP4 is detected in MOR/R but not COR-L23/R cells.

13p tumor12 20-04-2013 45 3   Download

The Tet repressor protein (TetR) regulates transcription of a family of tetracycline (tc) resistance determinants in Gram-negative bacteria. The resistance protein TetA, a membrane-spanning H + -[tcÆM]+ antiporter, must be sen-sitively regulated because its expression is harmful in the absence of tc, yet it has to be expressed before the drugs’ concentration reaches cytoplasmic levels inhibitory for protein synthesis.

13p tumor12 20-04-2013 40 4   Download

Multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumour cells is often caused by the overexpression of the plasma drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). This protein is an active efflux pump for chemotherapeutic drugs,natural products and hydro-phobicpeptides.Despite theadvancesof recent years,we still have an unclear view of the molecular mechanismby which P-gp transports such a wide diversity of compounds across themembrane.

10p tumor12 20-04-2013 44 4   Download

HIV-1 protease is an important target for treatment of AIDS, and efficient drugs have been developed. However, the resistance and negative side effects of the current drugs has necessitated the development of new compounds with different binding patterns. In this study, nine C-terminally duplicated HIV-1 protease inhibitors were cocrystallised with the enzyme, the crystal structures analysed at 1.8–2.3 A˚ resolution, and the inhibitory activity of the compounds characterized inorder toevaluate the effects of the individual modifications. ...

13p fptmusic 16-04-2013 44 3   Download

HIV-1 protease (PR) and two drug-resistant variants – PR with the V82A mutation (PRV82A) and PR with the I84V mutation (PRI84V) – were studied using reduced peptide analogs of five natural cleavage sites (CA-p2, p2-NC, p6 pol -PR, p1-p6 and NC-p1) to understand the structural and kine-tic changes. The common drug-resistant mutations V82A and I84V alter residues forming the substrate-binding site. Eight crystal structures were refined at resolutions of 1.10–1.60 A ˚ .

13p fptmusic 12-04-2013 38 2   Download

Plant flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds, commonly found in vegeta-bles, fruits and many food sources that form a significant portion of our diet. These compounds have been shown to interact with several ATP-bind-ing cassette transporters that are linked with anticancer and antiviral drug resistance and, as such, may be beneficial in modulating drug resistance. This study investigates the interactions of six common polyphenols; querce-tin, silymarin, resveratrol, naringenin, daidzein and hesperetin with the multidrug-resistance-associated proteins, MRP1, MRP4 and MRP5. ...

16p fptmusic 12-04-2013 40 2   Download

HIV-1 protease is a pivotal enzyme in the later stages of the viral life cycle which is responsible for the processing and maturation of the virus particle into an infectious virion. As such,HIV-1proteasehasbecomean important target for the treatment ofAIDS, and efficient drugs have beendeveloped. However, negative side effects and fast emerging resistance to the current drugs have necessitated the development of novel chemical entities in order to exploit different phar-macokinetic properties as well as new interaction patterns....

9p awards 05-04-2013 32 2   Download

The crystal structures of the wild-type HIV-1 protease (PR) and the two resistant variants, PRV82Aand PRL90M,have been determined in complex with the antiviral drug, indi-navir, to gain insight into the molecular basis of drug resistance. V82A and L90M correspond to an active site mutation and nonactive site mutation, respectively. The inhibition (Ki)of PRV82Aand PRL90Mwas 3.3- and 0.16-fold, respectively, relative to the value for PR. They showed only a modest decrease, of 10–15%, in theirkcat /Kmvalues relative to PR. ...

9p dell39 03-04-2013 28 3   Download

The spontaneous acquisition of resistance to a variety of unrelated cytotoxic compounds has important implications in medical treatment of infectious diseases and anticancer therapy. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiaethis pheno-menon is caused by overexpression of membrane efflux pumps and is called pleiotropic drug resistance. We have found that allelic forms of the genes for the transcription activators Pdr1p and Pdr3p, designated PDR1-12and PDR3-33,respectively, mediate resistance to diazaborine....

8p dell39 03-04-2013 38 3   Download

Phosphorylation of the mycobacterial transcriptional activator, EmbR, is essential for transcriptional regulation of theembCABoperon encoding cell wall arabinosyltransferases. This signaling pathway eventually affects the resistance to ethambutol (a frontline antimycobacterial drug) and the cell wall Lipoarabinomannan⁄Lipomannan ratio (an important determinant for averting the host immune response).

11p dell39 27-03-2013 38 2   Download

Anti-poxvirus therapies are currently limited to cidofovir [(S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine], but drug-resistant strains have already been characterized. In the aim of finding a new target, the thymidy-late (TMP) kinase from vaccinia virus, the prototype of Orthopoxvirus, has been overexpressed inEscherichia coliafter cloning the gene (A48R).

12p dell39 27-03-2013 40 4   Download