Drug resistance

Hepatitis B infection remains a global health problem, with progression to acute-chronic hepatitis, severe liver failure, and death making hepatitis B one of the most serious infections worldwide. The disease is most widely transmitted from an infected mother to her baby, after exposure to infected blood or body fluids or unsafe sexual contact.

6p vifaye 20-09-2024 2 1   Download

Drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) remains a global health problem. The diagnosis, treatment, and management of DR-TB are the major challenges to Vietnam National Tuberculosis Control Program.

6p vifaye 20-09-2024 2 1   Download

Drug-resistant Tuberculosis (DR-TB) is challenging public health problem in countries with high tuberculosis prevalence and limited resources. Developing and applying the most appropriate and effective methods for diagnosing DR-TB from clinical samples is necessary, allowing a more rapid detection method for large-scale screening.

7p vifaye 20-09-2024 2 1   Download

The outcomes are to be compared with typical drugs given that compounds are examined against gram-positive and gram-negative strains of bacteria and fungus. Against bacterial strains, products with nitro, methyl, and bromo substituents in the p-position of the benzene ring, as well as products with the nitro group at the m-position, showed very excellent activities against bacterial strains, while compounds with chloro substituent at p-position and m-position demonstrated good activity against the fungal strains Aspergillus niger and Fusarium javanicum.

8p dianmotminh02 03-05-2024 7 2   Download

RNA cargo in exosomes, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in the chemotherapy drug resistance of human cancers. However, the role and mechanism of exosomal miR-107 on multidrug resistance of gastric cancer cells was still not clear. In this study, we sought to explore whether exosomal miR-107 could reverse the resistance of gastric cancer cells to the chemotherapy drugs.

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Overcoming drug resistance is critical for increasing the survival rate of prostate cancer (PCa). Doc‑ etaxel is the first cytotoxic chemotherapeutical approved for treatment of PCa. However, 99% of PCa patients will develop resistance to docetaxel within 3 years. Understanding how resistance arises is important to increasing PCa survival.

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Administration of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors after achieving a response to platinum-containing drugs significantly prolonged relapse-free survival compared to placebo administration. PARP inhibitors have been used in clinical practice. However, patients with platinum-resistant relapsed ovarian cancer still have a poor prognosis and there is an unmet need.

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Bacterial strains isolated from milk and dairy products produce a range of lantibiotics which can employed for development of food preservatives, flavor enhancers and as alternate treatment strategies for multi drug resistant bacterial pathogens. The diverse category of lantibiotics from milk isolates include well characterized prototypes like nisin to newer peptides yet to be studied.

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After 6 months of treatment with antiretroviral drugs based on quantitative HBV-DNA. The rate of normalization of liver enzymes increased significantly. The rate of patients with quantitative HBV-DNA under the detectable level was highly significant. Patients with mutations in the RT region was highly significant (52.9%) while we did not identify any mutations in the Pre-S region.

9p tamynhan5 10-12-2020 15 1   Download

In this era of multi-drug resistance, efflux pump is one of the major problems which is increasingly concerned by scientists. The structure and mechanism activity of the efflux pumps on both bacteria and eurakyotes that are gradually being clarified.

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Among the other 12 inpatient MRSA isolates which had the pvl gene, nine were sensitive to most of the non- beta lactam antibiotics, whereas remaining three were resistant to most of the antibiotics except vancomycin and linezolid. The presence of pvl gene can no longer be used to discriminate between CA-MRSA and HA-MRSA.

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Vi khuẩn đa kháng kháng sinh (MDR: multi-drug resistant, XDR: extensively- drug resistant) là một gánh nặng đối với hệ thống chăm sóc sức khoẻ toàn cầu. Các kháng sinh thuộc nhóm “lựa chọn cuối cùng” đã được đưa vào sử dụng và đang mất dần hiệu lực. Nhiều nghiên cứu đã cho thấy tigecycline có tác dụng tốt trên các trực khuẩn Gram âm đa kháng.

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Plasmodium falciparum malaria remains a serious endemic disease in many parts of the world. It is estimated that 120 million cases occur worldwide each year, causing over one million deaths. The problem has been compounded by the emergence of strains of P. falciparum resistant to virtually all antimalarial agents. Resistance to chloroquine has now spread to almost all areas where malaria is endemic. Chloroquine-resistant strains are typically cross resistant to all drugs of relative chemical structure, and therefore the need for finding new molecules with novel modes of action is urgent.

4p uocvong04 24-09-2015 36 4   Download

The K103N substitution is a frequently observed HIV-1 RT mutation in patients who do not respond to combinationtherapy. The drugs Efavirenz, MSC194 and PNU142721 belong to the recent generation of NNRTIs characterized by an improved resistance profile to the most common single point mutations within HIV-1 RT, including the K103N mutation. In the present study we present structural observations from Efavirenz in complex with wild-type protein and the K103N mutant and PNU142721 and MSC194 in complex with the K103N mutant.

8p system191 01-06-2013 41 4   Download

The HIV-1 proteinase (PR) has proved to be a good target for antiretroviral therapy of AIDS, and various PR inhibi-tors are now in clinical use. However, there is a rapid selec-tionof viral variantsbearingmutations in theproteinase that are resistant to clinical inhibitors. Drug resistance also involves mutations of the nucleocapsid/p1 and p1/p6 clea-vage sites ofGag, bothin vitroandin vivo.

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The efficacy of antiretroviral agents approved for the treat-ment of HIV-1 infection is limited by the virus’s ability to develop resistance. As such there is an urgent need for new ways of thinking about anti-HIV drug development, and accordingly novel viral and cellular targets critical toHIV-1 replication need to be explored and exploited. The retroviral RNA genome encodes for three enzymes essential for viral replication: HIV-1 protease (PR), HIV-1 reverse transcrip-tase (RT) and HIV-1 integrase (IN). ...

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The nature of cGMP transport in human erythrocytes, its relationship to glutathione conjugate transport, and pos-sible mediation by multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) have been investigated. MRP1, MRP4 and MRP5 are detected in immunoblotting studies with erythrocytes. MRP1and MRP5 are also detected in multidrug resistant COR-L23/R and MOR/R cells but at greatly reduced levels in the parent, drug sensitive COR-L23/P cells. MRP4 is detected in MOR/R but not COR-L23/R cells.

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The Tet repressor protein (TetR) regulates transcription of a family of tetracycline (tc) resistance determinants in Gram-negative bacteria. The resistance protein TetA, a membrane-spanning H + -[tcÆM]+ antiporter, must be sen-sitively regulated because its expression is harmful in the absence of tc, yet it has to be expressed before the drugs’ concentration reaches cytoplasmic levels inhibitory for protein synthesis.

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Multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumour cells is often caused by the overexpression of the plasma drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp). This protein is an active efflux pump for chemotherapeutic drugs,natural products and hydro-phobicpeptides.Despite theadvancesof recent years,we still have an unclear view of the molecular mechanismby which P-gp transports such a wide diversity of compounds across themembrane.

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HIV-1 protease is an important target for treatment of AIDS, and efficient drugs have been developed. However, the resistance and negative side effects of the current drugs has necessitated the development of new compounds with different binding patterns. In this study, nine C-terminally duplicated HIV-1 protease inhibitors were cocrystallised with the enzyme, the crystal structures analysed at 1.8–2.3 A˚ resolution, and the inhibitory activity of the compounds characterized inorder toevaluate the effects of the individual modifications. ...

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