Receptors and cytokines

Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins were originally identified as negative regulators of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling via their GTPase-accelerating protein (GAP) activity. All RGS proteins contain evolutionarily conserved RGS domain; however, they differ in their size and regulatory domains. RGS1 and RGS10 are smaller than other RGS proteins, and their functions involve various inflammatory responses including autoimmune responses in both the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroinflammation is the chronic inflammatory response in the CNS.

5p caothientrangnguyen 09-05-2020 28 2   Download

gp130 is the common signal transducing receptor subunit of interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokines. gp130 either homodimerizes in response to IL-6 and IL-11 or forms heterodimers with the leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) receptor (LIFR) in response to LIF, oncostatin M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) or cardiotrophinlike cytokine resulting in the onset of cytoplasmic tyrosine phosphorylation cascades. The extracellular parts of both gp130 and LIFR consist of several Ig-like and fibronectin type III-like domains.

11p system191 01-06-2013 43 4   Download

Subunits (a, b and c) of the interleukin-2 receptor complex (IL-2R) are involved in both proliferative and activationinduced cell death (AICD) signaling of T cells. In addition, the signaling b and c chains are shared by other cytokines (e.g. IL-7, IL-9, IL-15). However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for recruiting/sorting the a chains to the signaling chains at the cell surface are not clear.

10p research12 01-06-2013 29 5   Download

Erythropoietin (Epo) is a hematopoietic cytokine that is crucial for the differentiation and proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells. Epo acts on its target cells by inducing homodimerization of the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR), thereby triggering intracellular signaling cascades. The EpoR encompasses eight tyrosine motifs on its cytoplasmic tail that have been shown to recruit a number of regulatory proteins.

11p research12 29-04-2013 35 3   Download

In this study, we show that the G protein-coupled receptor agonist thrombin, the glycoprotein VI agonist convulxin, and the cytokine receptor Mpl agonist thrombopoietin (TPO) are able to induce activation of RAS in human platelets. Recruitment ofGRB2 by tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in response to TPO and convulxin but not by thrombin occurred with a similar time-course to RAS acti-vation, consistent with a causal relationship.

7p research12 29-04-2013 40 3   Download

Human interleukin-11 (hIL-11) is a pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in numerous biological activities such as hematopoiesis, osteoclastogenesis, neurogenesis and female fertility. IL-11 is obviously a key reagent to study the IL-11 receptors. However, conventional radio-iodination techni-ques lead to a loss of IL-11 bioactivity. Here, we report the construction and the production of a new recombinant human IL-11 (FPDIL-11). In this molecule, a speci®c phosphorylation site (RRASVA) has been introduced at the N-terminus of rhIL-11. ...

8p research12 29-04-2013 30 4   Download

The heterodimeric cytokine composed of the soluble ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor (sCNTFR) and the IL-6 family member cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC) was recently identi®ed as a new ligand for gp130±leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) complex [Plun-Favreau, H., Elson, G., Chabbert, M., Froger, J., deLapeyriere, O., Lelievre, E., Guillet, C., Hermann, J., Gauchat, J. F., Gascan, H. & Chevalier, S. (2001)EMBO J.20, 1692± 1703]. This heterodimer shows overlapping biological properties with LIF....

10p research12 23-04-2013 28 2   Download

Interaction of cytokines with their cognate receptors leads to the activation of latent transcription factors, the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins. Numerous studies have identified the critical roles played by STAT proteins in regulating cell proliferation, differ-entiation and survival. Consequently, the activity of STAT proteins is negatively regulated by a variety of different mechanisms, which include alternative splicing, covalent modifications, protein–protein interactions with negative regulatory proteins and proteolytic processing by pro-teases....

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The leptin receptor (LEPR) is a class I cytokine receptor signalling via both the janus kinase⁄signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK⁄STAT) and the MAP kinase pathways. In addition, leptin has been shown previously to activate AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) in skeletal muscle. To enable a detailed analysis of leptin signalling in pancreatic beta cells, LEPR point mutants with single or combined exchanges of the three intracellular tyrosines were expressed in HIT-T15 insulinoma cells....

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SOCS3 is a negative regulator of cytokine signalling that inhibits Janus kinase-signal transduction and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) mediated signal tranduction by binding to phosphorylated tyrosine residues on intracellular subunits of various cytokine receptors, as well as possibly the JAK proteins.

11p dell39 27-03-2013 41 5   Download

The suppressors of cytokine signalling (SOCS) proteins inhibit cytokine signalling by direct interaction with Janus kinases (JAKs) or activated cytokine receptors. In addition to the N-ter-minal and SH2 domains that mediate these interactions, SOCS proteins contain a C-terminal SOCS box. Evidence suggests SOCS box-containing proteins act as part of an elongin-cullin-SOCS (ECS) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, marking target pro-teins for degradation.

35p inspiron33 26-03-2013 57 6   Download

Prokineticins are a novel family of secreted peptides with diverse regulatory roles, one of which is their capacity to modulate immunity in humans and in other species. Prokineticins are small peptides of 8 kDa that mediate their biological activities by signaling through two homologous G-protein-coupled receptors (prokineticin receptor 1 and prokineticin receptor 2).

8p galaxyss3 07-03-2013 41 3   Download

The regulation of cytokines and pro-inflammatory genes is an absolute essentiality to combat inflammatory diseases. The present study investigated the effects of 4-O-chloroacetyl-2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-levulinoyl-b-d-glucopyr-anosyl]-(1-3)-1-O-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2-deoxy-2-N-trichloroacetyl-4,6-O-ben-zylidene-a-d-glucopyranoside (RSCL-0409), a novel small molecule Toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling antagonist, and its mechanism of action in human monocytic (THP-1) cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)....

14p mobifone23 18-01-2013 38 4   Download

Cytokine receptors are crucial for the maintenance, regulation and growth of cells in multicellular organisms. As a common theme in cytokine signal-ling, single-span receptor chains are assembled in the cell membrane by a ligand enabling cross-activation of the aligned cytoplasmic receptor domains.

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Developing thymocytes and T cells express the Tec kinases Itk, Rlk⁄Txk and Tec, which are critical modulators of T-cell receptor signaling, required for full activation of phospholipase Cc, and downstream Ca 2+ and ERK-mediated signaling pathways.

10p cosis54 05-01-2013 46 4   Download

The cystine-knot motif, made up of three intertwined disulfide bridges, is a unique feature of several toxins, cyclotides and growth factors, and occurs in a variety of species, including fungi, insects, molluscs and mammals. Growth factor molecules containing the cystine-knot motif serve as ligands for a diverse range of receptors and play an important role in extracellular signalling.

19p cosis54 09-12-2012 56 3   Download

Tuyển tập báo cáo các nghiên cứu khoa học quốc tế ngành y học dành cho các bạn tham khảo đề tài: Quantitative analysis of interferon alpha receptor subunit 1 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 gene transcription in blood cells of patients with chronic hepatitis C

8p dauphong2 23-12-2011 44 4   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học Critical Care giúp cho các bạn có thêm kiến thức về ngành y học đề tài: Parenteral versus enteral nutrition: effect on serum cytokines and the hepatic expression of mRNA of suppressor of cytokine signaling proteins, insulin-like growth factor-1 and the growth hormone receptor in rodent sepsis...

8p coxanh_4 26-10-2011 67 6   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học 'Respiratory Research cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: Th2 cytokines and asthma Interleukin-4: its role in the pathogenesis of asthma, and targeting it for asthma treatment with interleukin-4 receptor antagonists...

5p toshiba13 22-10-2011 59 3   Download

Tuyển tập các báo cáo nghiên cứu về y học được đăng trên tạp chí y học 'Respiratory Research cung cấp cho các bạn kiến thức về ngành y đề tài: " Salmeterol and cytokines modulate inositol-phosphate signalling in Human airway smooth muscle cells via regulation at the receptor locus...

15p toshiba12 21-10-2011 43 3   Download