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Bài giảng Công trình trên đất yếu: Chương 1 - Châu Ngọc Ẩn

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Chương 1 bài giảng Công trình trên đất yếu giới thiệu phương pháp gia cường đất yếu thông qua việc giảm hệ số rỗng. Tìm hiểu nguyên lý, cơ chế cải thiện tính chất cơ lý của đất, các kỹ thuật như đầm chặt, hút chân không, tải trước và ứng dụng thực tiễn. Tài liệu hữu ích cho sinh viên ngành xây dựng, địa kỹ thuật và kỹ sư thi công nền móng.

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Nội dung Text: Bài giảng Công trình trên đất yếu: Chương 1 - Châu Ngọc Ẩn

  1. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om Moân .c ng COÂNG TRÌNH co an th TREÂN ÑAÁT YEÁU o ng du u cu CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  2. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om CHÖÔNG 1 Gia cöôøng ñaát yeáu vôùi phöông phaùp giaûm heä soá roãng .c ng CHÖÔNG 2 Gia cöôøng ñaát yeáu vôùi phöông phaùp troän vôùi chaát keát co dính - grouting an th CHÖÔNG 3 Gia cöôøng ñaát yeáu vôùi phöông phaùp taêng cöôøng vaät lieäu ng chòu keùo (vaûi – væ ÑKT) o du CHÖÔNG 4 Coïc vaø ñaøo saâu trong ñaát yeáu u cu CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  3. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om Taøi lieäu tham khaûo: .c 1. Ground improvement, B. Indraratna – J. Chu, 2005 ng 2. Geotechnics of soft soils, M. Karsttunen – M. Loni, 2009 co 3. Excavations and Foundations in soft soils, Hans-Georg Kempfert, an th Berhane Gebreselassie, 2006 4. Applied soil machanics, Sam Helwany, 2007 ng 5. Engineering treatment of soils, F.G. Bell, 1993 o du 6. Neàn moùng, Chaâu Ngoïc Aån, 2010 u cu CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  4. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN SEÙT Nhaän daïng taïi coâng tröôøng Söùc chòu neùn moät truïc, om qunc kN/m2 .c RAÁT MEÀM aán caû naém tay vaøo ñaát deã daøng < 25 ng MEÀM aán caû ngoùn caùi vaøo ñaát deã daøng 25 – 50 co DEÛO aán caû ngoùn caùi vaøo ñaát caàn coù 50 – 100 an löïc CÖÙNG th aán maïnh ngoùn caùi laøm loõm ñaát 100 – 200 o ng RAÁT CÖÙNG aán maïnh baèng moùng ngoùn caùi 200 – 400 du ñeå daáu u cu RAÉN khoù ñeå daáu treân ñaát baèng caùch > 400 aán maïnh ngoùn caùi CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  5. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om CAÙT (tin caäy) SEÙT (khoâng tin caäy laém) .c ng N (SPT) N (SPT) co 50 RAÁT CHAËT > 30 RAÉN CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  6. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN CHÖÔNG 1 Gia cöôøng ñaát yeáu vôùi phöông phaùp giaûm om heä soá roãng .c ÑAÁT YEÁU ng co Theo QP 45-78 BUØN laø ñaát loaïi seùt ôû giai ñoaïn ñaàu hình thaønh, an ñöôïc taïo ra nhö traàm tích caáu truùc trong nöôùc khi coù caùc quaù th trình vi sinh vaät vaø, ôû keát caáu töï nhieân, coù ñoä aåm vöôït quaù giôùi ng haïn loûng vaø heä soá roãng vöôït quaù caùc giaù trò sau: o du u buøn aù caùt khi e > 0,9; cu buøn aù seùt khi e > 1; buøn seùt khi e> 1,5 CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  7. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN Compaction at a highway off-ramp These photos are from the construction of a highway off-ramp in Davis, California, in 1995. This relatively small earthwork job was performed om with very few pieces of equipment (a cat, water truck, grader, and the .c trucks that transported fill soils to the site). ng co an th o ng du u cu CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  8. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om .c ng co an th o ng du u This cat is equipped with a blade for shaping the roadway and sheepsfoot cu rollers for compacting the clayey soils. Fill materials were brought to the site by trucks that spread the materials out in roughly 6 to 8 inch thick layers. The cat spread the material out evenly and compacted it at the same time. CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  9. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om .c ng co an th o ng du u cu A side view of the cat. CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  10. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om .c ng co an th o ng du u cu The water truck sprays the earth during compaction to condition the soil to near its optimum moisture content for compaction, and to control dust at the site. CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  11. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om .c ng co an th o ng du The operators of the water truck and cat sequence their u cu passes across the site. A grader was later used for final shaping of the roadway surface CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  12. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om Roller Compactors .c As soil embankments are constructed, the fill is spread in layers ng and compacted in order to increase strength and reduce co compressibility of the soil. The loose lift thickness is usually 8 an inches to 12 inches. These photos show four different types of th rollers suitable for compacting cohesive (clayey) soils and ng cohesionless soils (sands and gravels). o du u cu CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  13. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om .c ng co an th o ng du u Here a pneumatic rubber-tired roller is compacting clay soil. Clays are cu more difficult to compact than sands and gravels, because they must be brought to the right range of water content before they can be compacted to high densities. Static pressure, as exerted by the wheels of this rubber-tired roller, compacts clays well. (Photo by Caterpillar). CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  14. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om .c ng co an th o ng du This photo shows a vibratory steel-wheeled roller compacting sand. u cu Vibration is more effective for compacting sands and gravels than static pressure. Water conditioning is not as important for compacting sands and gravels as it is for compacting clays. The total force applied by a vibratory roller is equal to the weight of the roller plus the dynamic vibratory force. (Photo by Caterpillar). CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  15. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om .c ng co an th o ng du Here a vibratory padded drum roller (similar to a sheepsfoot roller) is compacting clay. u cu The protrusions (pads) on the drum press into the soil when it is loose, and compact the layer from the bottom up. After a few passes, when the fill has been densified to some degree, the roller "walks out," and the entire weight is supported on the pads resting on top of the fill, which results in higher compaction pressures on the soil. (Photo by Caterpillar). CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  16. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om .c ng co an th o ng du u cu This photo shows a tamping-foot roller compacting clay. Like a padded drum roller or a sheepsfoot roller, the feet protruding from the drums penetrate into the fill when it is loose, compacting the fill from the bottom up. (Photo by Caterpillar). CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  17. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om .c ng co an th o ng du u cu CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  18. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om .c ng co an th o ng du u cu CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  19. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om .c ng co an th o ng du u cu CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
  20. BAØI GIAÛNG A Pr.Dr. CHAÂU NGOÏCAÅN om .c Caùt chuaån ng co Van môû an Coâne th theùp ng Baûng ñeá o du u Loã ñuïc cu trong ñaát CuuDuongThanCong.com https://fb.com/tailieudientucntt
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