Bồi dưỡng kiến thức Hóa học 12: Phần 2

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ai 4. G i a sur d i tii 2 m o l CH4, t h e o sa do s a u d a y : b ) P h U O n g t r i n h h o a h o c c i i a p h a n iJfng dot c h a y C x H y : 2CH. - ^C^HgCl >PVC O2 -> X C O 2 + - H 2 O C.Hy + 4 2 2 (mol) 62,5 ( g a m ) 62,5n (gam) f X (mol) 10^ ( g a m ) IV xV 4 10*^ X 2 =^ X = np„ = ^-^^—- = 3 2 0 0 0 ( m o l ) 62,5 IV 6V 4V D i i a v a o p h u o n g t r i n h h o a hoc t r e n t a c6: x = 4, y = 8. V i H = 2 0 % ^ n^H^ e i n dcng = 32000 X ^ = 160000 (mol). C o n g thufc p h a n tijf cua A : C4H8. VcH^ = 1 6 0 0 0 0 X 2 2 , 4 = 3 5 8 4 0 0 0 ( l i t ) = 3584 (m^). Cac s a n p h a m t r i j n g h o p 3 d o n g p h a n ciia C4H8: ai 5. P h a n ufng: nCH2=CH-CH2-CH3 P'"^'^" ) ^^CH2-CH- a) nC6H5CH=CH2 - C H - CHo - (1) C2H5 I ' nH2N-[CH2]6COOH — ^ ( - N H - L C H a l e - C O - )„ + 2 n H 2 0 (2) nCH3-CH=CH-CH3 P'' > --CH-CH- b ) Tii (1), de d i e u che 1 t a n p o l i s t i r e n c a n : I I CH3 CH3 1 X 100 = 1,11 ( t a n ) s t i r e n . CHo 90 p, xt, t" CH2-C- Tii (2), 145 t a n H 2 N - [ C H 2 ] 6 - C O O H dieu che 127 t a n p o l i m e . nH2C=C—CH3- CH3 CH. 145 m. = 1,14 ( t a n ) Bai 7. +) T o c a p r o n : 100 Vi H = 90% ^ m „ ,, :o„H«u,c. =l,14x — = 1,267 ( t a ' n ) . CH,-CH,-C = 0 ai 6. n C H/, \ -> -E-NH - ( C H J . - C04n a) Phuong trinh h o a h o c cua p h a n ijfng dieu che p o l i (isobutyl CH, - CH, - N - H metacrilat): 1 m a t x i c h tcf capron c6 M = 113 (gam). H2C=C—COOH + H3C—CH-CH2OH M t o capron = 15000 ( g a m ) CH. ^ 1- 15000 H g S O , dac H2C=c—C00H2C—(:H—CH3 He so t r u n g h o p = = 133 113 CH3 CH3 COOCH2-CH(CH3)-CH3 +) T o n i l o n - 6 , 6 : nH2N-[CH2]6-NH2 + nHOOC-[CH2]4-COOH n H2C—C—CH3 ' ^ y " ) [ - H N - [ C H 2 ] 6 - N H - C O - [ C H 2 ] 4 - C O - ] „ + 2nH2 COOCH2-CH(CH3)-CH3 1 m a t x i c h n i l o n - 6 , 6 c6 M = 226 ( g a m ) M - t a nilon-6,6 = 2500 (gam). HoC—C- 2500 CH, H e so" t r u n g h o p = 11. 226 )6 AO"QNR HdA HOC 12
B a i 8 . K h 6 ' i lUcfng m o l p h a n ttf cdc a m i n o a x i t Glyxin Alanin Serin Tirozin 75 89 105 181 CHl/dNG V. - T i l e so m o l G l y : A l a = 2 : 1 v a c h i e m 7 5 % k h o i luang n e n d o a n m^t x i c h chijfa G l y - A l a c6 k h o i iLfOng 185 g a m chig'm 7 5 % t h i p h a n c5n l a i DAI Cl/dNG VE KIM LOAI • • cua Ser - T y r chiem 61,67 n e n t i le so' m o l A l a : Ser - 1: , 4 : 1 . A. KIEN THLfC CAN NH6 (105 + 1 8 1 - 2 x 1 8 ) 1. Tinh chat chung cua kim logi - T h u y p h a n tor t a m se cho t i le so' m o l g l y x i n : a l a n i n : s e r i n : t i r o z i n = Tinh chat vat li chung cua kim logi nhu' tinh deo, dan dien, dan 8 : 4 : 1 : 1. D o do m o t dcfn v i p o l i p e p t i t dan g i a n c6 k h o i liicfng l a 990. nhiet, dnh kim chu yen do cdc electron ti{ do trong kim logi gay ra. - K h i t h u y p h a n 1,98 g a m tcf t k m se t h u diioc: 1,6.10"^ m o l g l i x i n ; Tinh chat hoa hoc chung cua kim logi la tinh khit, do nguyen tii kim 8.10"^ m o l a l a n i n ; 2.10"^ m o l s e r i n v a 2.10"^ g a m t i r o z i n . K h o i lifong cac logi dS nhu'dng electron hoa tri trong cdc phan u'ng hoa hoc. a x i t a m i n t h u di/ac l a 2. Cap oxi hoa-khvt cua kim loqi glyxin Alanin Serin Tirozin Dang oxi hoa (M"'^) va dgng khii (M) cua cung mot kim logi tgo nen 1,2 g a m 0,712 g a m 0,21 g a m 0,362 g a m mot cap oxi hoa-khit, giu'a chung c6 moi quan he: B a i 9. P h a n ijfng t h u y p h a n : (-CH2-CH(COOCH3)-)n + m K O H M"^ + ne , . ^ M (-CH2-CH(OH)„i-{CH2-CH(COOCH3))n - m-)n + mCHsCOOK (cap oxi hoa-khit cua kim logi dMc viet la M"*/M) - Cdf 1 m o l K O H p h a n ufng t h i k h o i li/cfng p o l i m e g i a m 4 2 gam. 3. Pin dien hoa: Id thiet hi trong do ndng litcfng cua phan ring oxi - So m o l K O H p h a n ufng l a 0,02 m o l . So m o l m a t x i c h t r o n g 8,6 gam la hda-khii chuyen thdnh dien ndng. Pin dien hoa tgo bdi hai cap oxi 8 6 hoa-khif, trong do: - T - = 0 , 1 m o l . P h a n t r a m so m a t x i c h h i t h i i y p h a n l a 2 0 % . A x i t hoa 86 - O cu'c dm xdy ra sif oxi hoa chat khii. d u n g d i c h A : CH3COOK + H2SO4 —> CH3COOH + KHSO4 ~ d cUc diidng xdy ra sii khii. • - K h o i luang CH3COOH l a m = 60 X 0,02 = 1,2 (gam). 4. Day the dien cifc chudn cua kim logi B a i 10. G o i cong thufc cua a m i n o a x i t l a (H2N)nR(C00H)„i c6 so m o l la - Dien cite hidro chudn cd the dien cu'c chudn quy itdc bdng 0,00V. The dien cu'c chudn cua kim logi bdng sud't dien dong cua pin tgo bdi 0,1 X 0,2 = 0,02 (mol). dien cu'c hidro chudn vd dien ci(c kim logi nhiing vdo dung dich nnidi (H2N)„R(COOH)^ + m N a O H > ( H 2 N ) „ R ( C 0 0 N a ) „ , + mH20 cua no vdi ndng do ion kim logi bang IM. T a c6: nNaOH = m x 0,02 = 0,08 x 0,25 => m = 1. ~ The dien ciic chudn cua cap oxi hda - khii cua mot kim logi ndo do (H2N)„R(C00H)^ + n H C l > (CIH3N)„R(C00H)„ CO gid tri cdng Idn thi khd ndng oxi hoa cua cation kim logi cdng T a c6: nHci = n x 0,02 = 0,08 x 0,5 =i> n = 2. mgnh vd khd ndng khit cua kim logi cdng yeu vd ngu'cfc Igi. M a t k h d c k h o i li/ang m o l cua A : ~ Kim logi trong cap oxi hoa - khii cd the dien cite chudn nhd ban khii diicfc cation kim logi trong cap oxi hoa - khii cd the dien cifc M = 2 X 16 + R + 45 = 146 R = 6 9 l a - C 5 H 9 < ul chudn Idn hdn. Kim logi trong cap oxi hda - khii cd the dien cifc V a y a m i n o a x i t l a (H2N)2C5H9-COOH. chudn dm khii diigc ion cua dung dich axit. nH2N-C5H9(NH2)COOH . trungngutig ^ ~ Phan ling giiia hai cap oxi hoa - khit xdy ra theo quy tdc: Chat 0x1 4 N H - C 5 H 9 ( N H 2 ) - C O 4- n + nHgO hda cua cap oxi hda - khii cd the dien ci(c chudn Idn hdn se oxi hda 108 Bdl DUSNG HdA HQC 12 ihdt oxi hda - khit cd the dien cite chudn nhd hdn (quy tdc a).
- Suat dien dgng chudn cua pin dien hoa (E|;.,J bdng the dien cite 7. Phittfng phdp dieu chef kim logi chudn cua cite ditang trit di the dien cifc chudn cua am; ludn _ Phu'dng phdp thiiy luyen: de dieu che nhitng kim logi cd tinh khit luon CO gid tri du'cfng. yen nhit: Cu, Hg, Ag, Au,.. - Phu'dng phdp nhiet luyen: de dieu che nhitng kim logi c6 tinh khit Vi du: Pin dien hoa tgo bdi hai cap oxi hoa - khif va c6 trung hinh vd yeu nhit Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb. Cu,.. Fe Cu the dien cite chudn ghi nhit sau: E" = - 0,44V ; E'^ = +0 34V -Phu'dng phdp dien phan: +) Dien phan chdt dien li ndng chdy (mudi, bazd, oxit) de dieu che - Phan ifng xdy ra d trong pin: . Cu^* + Fe > Fe^* + Cu nhiing kim logi cd tinh khit mgnh nhd: K, Na, Ca, Al. - d cite ditc/ng xay ra sii khit: Cif* + 2e > Cu +) Dien phan dung dich chdt dien li (dung dich mudi) de dieu che - U cite am xdy ra sit oxi hoa: Fe > Fe^* + 2e nhffng kim logi cd tinh khit yeu vd trung hinh nhit: Zn, Fe, Sn, Pb, Cu, - Sudt dien dong cua pin: E||._^ = 0,34V - (-0.44V) = 0,781' Hg, Ag, ... 5. Syt dien phan B.BAI TAP A P DUNG a) Rhai niem: Sit dien phan la qua trinh oxi hoa - khit xdy ra d bo B a i 1. I o n M ^ ^ , X ' d e u c6 cau h i n h e l e c t r o n d Idrp n g o a i c u n g l a 3s^3p*^. mat cac dien cite khi cho dong dien mot chieu di qua chat dien li H a y cho b i e t p h a n tuf diJgc t a o bcfi M^'' v a X ' ? nong chdy hoac dung dich chat dien li. B a i 2. N g u y e n t o C u c6 so h i e u n g u y e n tuf l a 2 9 , Idrp e l e c t r o n n g o a i cung c6 b) Phan d^ng hoa hoc & cac dien ci/c trong thiet hi dien phan l e . H a y cho b i e t : - O catot (cite -) xdy ra sit khif, chdt c6 tinh oxi hoa mgnh hdn thi de a ) C a u h i n h e l e c t r o n ciia n g u y e n tuf C u v a cua cac i o n Cu^, Cu^^ hi khit. b ) V i t r i cua C u t r o n g b a n g t u a n h o a n . Vi du: d catot c6 mat ion Cu^* vd phan tit H2O, cac ion Cu^^ c6 tinh oxi hoa mgnh hdn se hi khit thdnh Cu. B a i 3. H o a n t h a n h scf do p h a n ufng sau: - O anot (cite +) xdy ra sit oxi hoa, chdt c6 tinh khit mgnh hdn thi de Fe — ^ FeClg FeCh - ^ - ^ Fe(0H)2 hi oxi hoa. Fe(0H)3 FesOg Fe. Vi du: d anot c6 mat cua phan tit H2O, cac ion SO^" vd N O : ; . Cac B a i 4. H o a n t h a n h phifcfng t r i n h p h a n ufng t h e o so do sau: phan tif H2O CO tinh khit mgnh hdn se hi oxi hoa thdnh O2 vd ion W. At A, A3 M Neu anot (cite +) khong trd thi anot tan. t" / M (1) 6. Sif an mbn kim logi ^ ~{5) ' (6) ^ Cf) a) SU an mbn hoa hoc va sit an mbn dien hoa Cho biet: Ai Id oxit kim logi A c6 dien tick hat nhdn Id 3,2.10'^ - Giong nhau: ban chdt cua sit an mdn hoa hoc vd sit an mdn dien hoa la phan I'tng oxi hoa - khit. Culong; Bi la oxit phi kim B cd cdu hinh electron d lap vd ngoai ciing - Klidc nhau: Trong an mdn hoa hoc khong hinh thdnh dong dien. Id 2s^2p' Trong an mdn dien hoa c6 hinh thdnh ddng electron (cac electron ditdc B a i 5. Co nhufng p i n d i e n h o a c h u a n sau: di chuySn thdnh dong, tit cite dm den cite diidng tgo pin dien hoa). a0) Pb^VPb v a Fe^VFe b ) A g V A g v a Fe^^/Fe c ) A g V A g v a Pb^'/Pb. b) Chong an mbn kim logi H a y cho b i e t : - Bien phdp hdo ve be mat: sdn, trdng, mg, bdi dan md, phii chdt 1) D i e n cifc dufcfng v a d i e n ciic a m ciia m S i p i n d i e n h o a . deo, ... len be mat kim logi. 2) Nhufng p h a n ufng x a y r a cf cac d i e n cifc v a p h a n ufng h o a hoc ciia - Bien phdp bdo ve dien hoa: diing kim logi cd tinh khu' mgnh hdn m 6 i p i n d i e n h o a k h i p i n b o a t dong. de bdo ve (diing anot tan). 3) Suat d i e n d o n g c h u a n ciia m o i p i n d i e n h o a .
p a i 14- "^'^^ '^^P ^ V^^^ *Jfng v d i 200 m l d u n g d i c h B a i 6. T l n h t h e d i e n cUc c h u a n E° cua nhCTng cap oxi h o a - kM sau: CUSO4 0 , 5 2 5 M . K h u a y k l h 6 n h g p de p h a n uTng x a y r a h o a n t o a n . D e m loc k e t t i i a (A) g o m h a i k i m l o a i n a n g 7,84 g a m v a d u n g d i c h nirdc Igc B . De h o a t a n k e t t i i a (A) c a n i t n h a t bao m l d u n g d i c h H N O 3 2 M , b i e t B i e t : - S u a t d i e n d o n g c h u a n cua p i n d i e n h o a : o e e ffi p h a n ufng t a o N O . C r - N i l a + 0 , 5 1 V v a Cd - M n l a + 0 , 7 9 V 3£li 15. H o a t a n 6 2 , 1 g a m k i m l o a i ( M ) t r o n g H N O 3 l o a n g , cho 16,8 l i t h S n h g p k h i (X) ( d k t c ) g o m h a i k h i k h o n g m a u , k h o n g h o a n a u n g o a i k h i , - The' d i e n CLTC c h u a n E ° ^ , , ^ ^ ^ = - 0 , 4 0 V v a E^.g,^^. = -0,26V CO t i k h o i h o i so v d i H2 l a 17,2. Xac d i n h t e n (M)? T i n h t h e t i c h d u n g B a i 7. Co cac p i n d i e n hoa du-gc tao t h a n h tii nhOfng cap oxi h o a - k h i J sau: d i c h H N O 3 2 M , d u n g dir 2 5 % so vdri l i f g n g c a n thie't. a ) P b ' V P b v a Fe'^/Fe b ) A g V A g v a Fe'^/Fe Bai 16. Cho 10 g a m h 6 n h g p g o m A l va k i m l o a i M dufng trirdrc h i d r o t r o n g c ) A g V A g va Pb^VPb day d i e n h o a vao 1 0 0 m l d u n g d i c h h 6 n h g p H2SO4 a M v a H C l 3 a M t h i H a y t i n h suat d i e n d o n g c h u a n cua m o i p i n d i e n h o a . t h u dirge 5,6 l i t k h i H2 ( d k t c ) , d u n g d i c h X v a p h ^ n k i m l o a i chira t a n h e t cd k h o i l i r g n g 1,7 g a m . Co c a n X t h u dirge m g a m m u o i . Xdc d i n h Bie'trang: E ° ^ . =+0,80V; E J ^ , . ^ ^ ^ =-0,13V; E«^,, =-0,44V gia t r i cua m . Bai 8. T r o n g d a y d i e n h o a cua k i m l o a i , v i t r i m o t o O ; ; p o x i h o a khuf diTOc Bai 17. H o a t a n h o a n t o a n 1,97 g a m h S n h g p Z n , M g , Fe t r o n g m o t lirgng sap xep nhtr sau: Al^^^Al, Fe^^'Fe,Ni^^'Ni, Fe^'^Fe, A g V A g . T r o n g c a c vCra dij d u n g d i c h H C l , t h u dirge 1,008 l i t k h i (d d k t c ) v a d u n g d i c h A . k i m l o a i A l , Fe, N i , A g , k i m l o a i nao p h a n uTng dirge vdri d u n g d i c h C h i a d u n g d i c h A t h a n h 2 p h a n k h o n g deu n h a u . muo'i F e ( n i ) , k i m l o a i nao c6 k h a n S n g day di/gc Fe r a k h o i d u n g d i c h Phan 1: Cho ke't t i i a h o a n t o a n vdri m o t l u g n g vCra d i i d u n g d i c h N a O H m u o i F e ( n i ) . V i e t cac p h i / o n g t r i n h p h a n ufilg x a y r a . 0,06 M t h i c a n 300 m l . K e t t i i a d e m rufa sach, n u n g d e n k h o i l i r g n g k h o n g d o i t h i t h u dirge 0,562 g a m cha't r a n . 3ai 9. Cho m g a m b o t Z n vao 2 l i t d u n g d i c h A g N O g 0 , 2 M . Sau m o t t h d i Phan 2: Cho p h a n dfng vdri N a O H diT r o i tie'n h a n h n h i r p h a n 1 t h i t h u g i a n l a y t h a n h Z n r a c a n di/gc 2 8 , 1 g a m b o t k i m l o a i (A) con l a i l a dirge a g a m c h a t r a n . d u n g d i c h (B). L a y (A) cho vao d u n g d i c h H C l d i i t h a y t h o a t r a 1,12 l i t k h i (0°C, 2 a t m ) . T i n h n o n g do mol/1 cac c h a t t r o n g (B) v a xac d i n h m - T i n h k h o i lirgng tirng k i m loai. (Gid si2 the tick dung dich khong doi). - T i m t r i so' ciia a. Bai 18. H a y g i a i t h i c h h i e n t i r g n g t h i n g h i e m : N g a m m o t l a Z n n h o , t i n h tai 10. N l i u n g t h a n h k i m loai k e m vao m o t dung dich chijfa h 6 n hgp 3,2 gam k h i e t t r o n g d u n g d i c h H C l tha'y bot k h i H2 t h o a t r a i t v a c h a m . N e u CUSO4 v a 6,24 g a m CdS04. H o i sau k h i Cu va C d h i day h o a n t o a n k h o i nho t h e m v a i g i g t d u n g d i c h CUSO4 t h a y b o t k h i H2 t h o a t r a ra't n h i e u d u n g d i c h t h i k h o i lirgng t h a n h k e m t a n g hay g i a m bao nhieu? va n h a n h . lai 11. Cho 2,24 g a m b o t Fe v k o 200 m l d u n g d i c h h o n h g p g o m c6 A g N O s Bai 19. Cho Cu tac d u n g vdri d u n g d i c h Fe2(S04)3 t h u dirge d u n g d i c h h 6 n 0 , 1 M va C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 0 , 5 M , k h u a y deu tori p h a n ufng h o a n t o a n , t h u di/gc h g p FeS04 v a CUSO4. T h e m m o t i t h o t sat vao d u n g d i c h h o n hgp, chat r a n A va dung dich B. n h a n t h a y b o t sat h i h o a t a n . a ) T i n h so g a m c h a t r a n A . a ) V i e t cac p h i f o n g t r i n h h o a hoc cua p h a n dfng x a y r a dirdi d a n g p h a n b ) T i n h n o n g do m o l cac c h a t t r o n g B tiJf v ^ ion thu ggn. a i 12. Cho 0,774 g a m h 6 n h g p Z n v a Cu vao 5 0 0 m l d u n g d i c h AgNOg b ) So s a n h t i n h k h i f cua cac d o n c h a t k i m l o a i v a t i n h o x i h o a cua eae n o n g do 0 , 0 4 M . Sau k h i cac p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n difgc c h a t r a n ion k i m loai. X n a n g 2,288 g a m . H a y xac d i n h t h a n h p h a n cua X? ^ ^ i 20. M o t s g i d a y p h o i q u a n ao b a n g d o n g dirge no'i t i e p vdri m o t d o a n ai 13. Cho 0,387 g a m h o n h g p (A) g o m Z n v a Cu vao d u n g d i c h Ag2S04 day n h o m . H a y cho b i e t c6 h i e n t i r g n g g i x a y r a d eh6 n o i cua h a i k i m CO so' m o l l a 0,005 m o l , k h u a y deu, tori p h a n ufng h o a n t o a n t h u dirge . loai? G i a i t h i c h v a diTa r a n h a n x e t . DI/SNG HOA HOC 12 113 1,144 g a m c h a t r a n . T i n h kho'i l i r g n g m 6 i k i m l o a i .
3 2 10"'® Bai 21. Dien phan dung dich AgNOa v6i cac dien cUc trcf la graphit. a) T r i n h bay so do dien phan dung dich AgNOg va viet phi/cfng t r i n h pai 4. So di§n tich h a t nhan ctia A = ^^'^^^is = ^0 (Ca) hoa hoc cua sii dien phan. b) Thc;i gian dien phan la 14 phiit 15 giay, cifcrng do dong dien khong Vay A i la CaO. doi 1^ 0,8A. T i n h k h o i li/gng bac dieu ch^ dircrc. B d chu k i 2, nhom I V A => (B Ik cacbon). Vay B i l a CO2. c) T m h the tich k h i (dktc) thu diigc d anot. Cac (1) phan ufng: CaCOs Bai 22. Dien phan dung dich AgNOa (dien ciic tra) trong thcfi gian (M) 1000°C > CaO + C02t 15 phut, thu ducrc 0,432 gam Ag d catot. Sau do, de' l a m k e t tua het ion Ag"^ c6n l a i trong dung dich sau dien phan, can dung 25ml dung dich (2) CaO + H2O (Ai) > Ca(0H)2 (Bi) NaCl 0,4M. (Di) (A2) a) Viet cdc phifcfng t r i n h hoa hoc xay ra. (3) Ca(0H)2 + 2HC1 — > CaCl2 + 2H2O b) T i n h CLfcfng do dong dien da dung. (D2) (A3) c) T i n h khdi lugng AgNOs c6 trong dung dich ban dau. -> CaCOgi + 2NaCl (4) C a C l 2 + Na2Cb3 — Bai 23. Dien phan 200ml dung dich AgNOs 0,4M vofi dien cUc trcf, trong (Da) (M) thcfi gian 4 g i d , cifcmg do dong dien \k 0,402A. (5) 2CO2 + Ba(0H)2 — > Ba(HC03)2 a) T i n h khol Iwng A g thu diTcfc sau dien phan. (El) (B2) b) T i n h nong do mol cac chat c6 trong dung dich sau dien phan. Cho rSng the tich ciia dung dich sau dien phan thay doi khong dang ke. (6) Ba(HC03)2 + 2 K 0 H > K2CO3 + BaCOgi + 2H2O Hlf&NG DAN GIAI (E2) (B3) Bai 1. (7) K2CO3 + CaS CaCOs + K2S +) TCr M > M^^ + 2e => M c6 cau h i n h electron l a : (E3) ls^2s^2p''3s^3p^4s^ (ZM = 20: Ca). Bai 5. . +) T i / X + l e > XT X CO cau hinh electron la ls^2s^2p^3s^3p^ (Zx = 17) a) Pb la dien cifc dtfcfng, Fe la dien ciic am: =^ X la CI =^ Phan ttf CaCls. d dien ciTc dtfomg: Pb^^ + 2e > Pb Bai 2. a) Cau h i n h electron ciia nguyen ttf Cu va cua cac ion Cu"^, Cu^*: Cu: l s 2 2 s V 3 s V 3 d ^ ° 4 s ^ CJ dien cUc Am: Fe Fe^^ + 2e Cu^: Is22s^2p'^3s23p'^3d^'^ E" p i n dien hoa: (-0,13 V) - (-0,44 V) = 0,31 V Cu'^: ls22s'2p'^3s'3p'^3d^ b) A g la dien ciTc difomg, Fe 1^ dien cifc a m : b) V i t r i cua Cu: N ^ m d 6 so 29; chu k i 4, nhom I B . d dien cifc di/dng: Ag"^ + e > Ag Bai 3. Phan ufng: CJ dien ciic a m : Fe > Fe^* + 2e (1) 2Fe + 3Cl2 > 2FeCl3 E° pin dien hoa: (+0,80 V) - (-0,44 V) = 1,24 V (2) 2FeCl3 + Fe > SFeClg c) A g l a dien cUc difcfng, Pb la dien cifc a m : (3) FeCla + 2NaOH > Fe(0H)2 + 2NaCl CJ dien ciic ducfng: Ag* + e > Ag (4) 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O > 4Fe(OH)3 (5 dien ciic a m : Pb — -> Pb^* + 2e (5) 2Fe(OH)3 FezO^ + 3H2O E" p i n dien hoa: (+0,80 V) - (-0,13 V) = 0,93 V (6) Fe203 + 2A1 — 2 F e + AI2O3 DUflNG HOA HOC 12 Bdl naflNR HrtA H n p i i
3 2 6 24 p ^ i 1 0 . T a c6: n^.^,.,,,, = ^ = 0-02 ( m o l ) ; n^jso, = = 0,03 (mol). ^ =^ Kr^' icr = E(pu>) - EN>- /N. = O'^l " ( " 0 . 2 6 ) = 0,77 (V) CUSO4 + Zn > ZnS04 + Cu (i) (mol) 0,02 ^ 0,02 0,02 ^ = Ef^^„, - E ° ^ , . ^ ^ ^ = 0,79 - ( - 0 , 4 ) . 1,19 ( V ) CdS04 + Zn > ZnS04 + Cd (2) Bai 7. a ) E°^,„) = £0^,.^^^ - EJ^,.^^^ = -0,13 - (-0,44) = 0,31 (V) (mol) 0,03 ~> 0,03 0,03 Tii (1) va (2) ^ I m f c u + cd) = (0,02 x 64) + (0,03 x 112) - 4,64 (gam) K^) = ^AgWA, - Ke^' = ^'^ " (-0-44) = 1,24 ( V ) va m z n tham gia phan ifng = (0,02 + 0,03) x 65 = 3,25 (gam) E(p.n) = - E°^,.^^^ = 0,8 - ( - 0 , 1 3 ) . 0,93 (V). V a y k h o i lifcfng t h a n h Z n t a n g : 4,64 - 3,25 = 1,39 ( g a m ) Bai 8. B a i l l - P h a n ufng: - D o i vdri d a n g b a i t a p d a xe'p cac cap o x i l i o a khijf theo thur t i i cua day d i e n h o a , de x e t p h a n uTng c6 x a y r a h a y k h o n g t a a p d u n g q u i t a c a. Fe + 2 A g N 0 3 — > Fe(N03)2 + 2 A g (1) Fe + 2Fe^" > 3Fe^' (mol) 0,01 0,02 0,01 N e u F e du': A l + Fe^* > Af^ + Fe Fe + Cu(N03)2 > Cu + Fe(N03)2 (2) N i + 2Fe^" > N i ^ " + 2Fe^" - Fe, N i , A l tac dung diXOc vdri d u n g d i c h m u o i F e ( I I I ) . C h i c6 A l day (mol) 0,03 0,03 0,03 diioc F e r a k h o i m u o i F e ( I I I ) . . "AgNo, = 0,02 ( m o l ) ; npe = 0,04 ( m o l ) ; n^,„,N03), = O'l (^oD B a i 9. G o i a l a so' m o l Z n p h a n ufng v a b l a so m o l Z n dir. npe pLf (1) = 0,01 (mol) npe p.t (2) = 0,04 - 0 , 0 1 = 0,03 ( m o l ) T a c6: n^^^^Q = 2 x 0,2 = 0,4 ( m o l ) 3 n^^u.No,), = 0,1 - 0,03 = 0,07 (mol) Zn + 2AgN03 Zn(N03)2 + 2Agi D u n g d i c h B : F e ( N 0 3 ) 2 : 0,04 (mol) => CM ^ 0 , 2 M (mol) a 2a a 2a C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 : 0,07 (mol) ^ C M = 0 , 3 5 M Zn + 2HC1 — > ZnCh + Bai 1 2 . Ta c6: nAgNOg = 0,5 x 0,04 = 0,02 (mol) (mol) b 2b b b Thur t i f p h a n ufng: H o n hap ( A ) g o m : i^' 108.2a + 5 6 b - 2 8 , 1 (1) Zn: b (mol) Zn + 2AgN03 - > Zn(N03)2 + 2Ag (1) Cu + 2 A g N 0 3 > Cu(N03)2 + 2Ag (2) Ma: n„ = — = ^ ^ ^'^^ = 0 , 1 (mol) - b (2) RT 0,082 X 2 7 3 - N e u Z n , Cu p h a n ufng h e t t h i k h d i liigrng k i m loai t h u difcfc t d i da nang: T h e (2) v a o (1) => a = 0 , 1 m o l 108.0,02 = 2,16 (g) < m x ^ k i m loai con d U => AgNOs p h a n ufng h e t . m = 65(a + b) = 6 5 ( 0 , 1 + 0,1) = 13 ( g a m ) - N e u C u chufa p h a n ufng t h i p h a n ufng (1) l a m t a n g 1 lLf0ng: D u n g d i c h ( B ) g o m : Zn(N03)2: a = 0 , 1 ( m o l ) ; V = 2 ( l i t ) 108.0,02 - 6 5 . — - = 1,51 (gam) tufc k h d i li/cfng rin l u c d d n a n g : va AgNOa dii: 0,4 - 2a = 0,4 - 2 x 0,1 = 0,2 ( m o l ) . 2 0,774 + 1,51 = 2,284 (g) < m x => C u c6 p h a n ufng n h i t o g c o n duf y^y-- C,,z„,wo.,, = ^ - 0.05M va C „ „ ^ , , „ = ^ = 0,1M Vay X g o m A g , Cu. 116 , BOI DUdNG HOA H0C12
B a i 1 3 . P h a n uTng: P h a n ufng: Z n + Ag2S04 > ZnS04 + 2Ag F e + 4HNO3 — Fe(N03)3 + N O t + 2H2O C u + Ag2S04 > CUSO4 + 2Agi (mol) z 4z +) V i tdng so mol Z n G u n ^ m trong gidi h a n 3Cu + 8HNO3 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N 0 t + 4H2O 0,387 0,387 — 0,0059 < nhh < 0,00604 g n h 6 n h 0,005 (mol), chufng to Ag2S04 hg't. "HNO, = - ( l , 5 x + y) + 4z = 0,36 +) G i a sijf Z n t h a m gia mot p h a n , C u chi/a t h a m gia Vdy: VH^„_ = 0 , 3 6 : 2 = 0 , 1 8 (lit) G o i so' mol Z n ban dau 1^ x; so mol Z n t h a m gia l a : x' Bai 1 5 . H a i k h i k h o n g m ^ u do HNO3 loang s i n h r a l a N2 v ^ N2O. G o i so' mol C u b a n dau 1^: y. T a c6 phuong t r i n h Goi X, y 1^ so mol N2 v ^ N2O. K h o i lUgrng k i m loai tSng: Theo de b ^ i , t a c6 he phifong t r i n h 2x X 108 - x' X 65 = 1,144 - 0,387 = 0,757 (gam) 15x' = 0,757 « x' = 0,00502 [^*iiii£ = 17.2.2 = 3 4 , - 4 S6' mol n ^ y Idrn hcfn 0,005, dieu n ^ y k h S n g phu hcfp vdri de b ^ i , do do x + y r28x + 4 4 y = 2 5 , 8 fx = 0,45 Z n p h a n ufng het vk x = x'. x + y = 0,75 y = 0,3 +) Z n p h a n uTng het, C u t h a m gia mot p h a n G o i s6' mol C u t h a m gia p h a n uTng 1^ y P h a n ufng: l O M + I2XHNO3 10M(NO3)x + XN2 + 6 X H 2 O T a c6 phiicfng t r i n h k h d i liWng k i m loai t a n g 4,5 (mol) 5,4 0,45 (2x X 108) - X X 65 + (2y' x 108) y' x 64 = 0,757 (1) x G i a i phifong t r i n h (1) ket hop vdri phtfcfng t r i n h : x + y' = 0,005 8M + IOXHNO3 -> 8M(N03)2 + X N 2 O +. 5 X H 2 O => n g h i e m he phtfcfng t r i n h 1^: x = 0,003 vk y = 0,002. 2,4 Vdy: mzn = 0,003 x 65 = 0,195 (gam) (mol) 0,3 mcu = 0,387 - 0,195 = 0,192 (gam) •62,1 B a i 14. P h a n dfng x a y r a vdri A l trUdc, sau do dg'n F e . Theo gia thi§'t, kim => M = - ~ - = 9x. N g h i e m hop l i l a : x = 3, M = 27: n h o m (Al) loai s i n h r a 1^ C u ( k i m loai (II)). G o i X l a so mol A l , y l a mol F e p h a n ufng v ^ z 1^ mol F e dif: S6' m o l HNO3 dung dtf: 8,4 . 25% = 2,1 ( m o l ) 2A1 + 3 C u S 0 4 > Al2(S04)3 + 3 C u => T o n g s o m o l HNO3 : 8,4 + 2,1 = 10,5 ( m o l ) (mol) X 2,5x l,5x Vay: The tich dung dich HNO3 = = 5,25 (lit) F e + CUSO4 > FeS04 + Cu 2 (mol) y y y 16. Cdch 1: T a c6: nH2S04 = 0,1a ( m o l ) ; n^ci = 0,3a ( m o l ) Taco: 27x + 56(y + z ) = 4,15 (1) n^. = HHCI + 2nH2S04 = 0,5a (mol) — + y = 0,2 X 0,525 = 0,105 . (2) 2 Do c6n lai 1,7 gam kim loai chtfa t a n nen kho'i lifong k i m loai phdn 6 4 ( l , 5 x + y) + 56y = 7,84 (3) i J f n g 1^: 10 - 1,7 = 8,3 (gam) •tiA B(tl OUOJtG HOA HaC 12 tti^ill? HdA HOCI2 119
Phan urng dang: M + nH^ > M"* + - H2 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2H2O -> 4Fe(OH)3 (mol) 0,2c 0,2c ^ n ^ , = 2n^^ = 2 X ^ = 0,5 (mol) ^a=l 2Fe(OH)3 -> FesOs + 3H2O Ap dung dinh luat bao toan khS'i liicfng, ta c6: (mol) 0,2c 0,1c rtlmiioi — m^im loai pU + mgxit ~ ^^112 mchatran - (0,2a X 81) + (0,2b x 40) + (0,1c x 160) = 0,562 (gam) = 8,3 + 98 X 0,1 + 36,5 x 0,3 - 0,25 x 2 = 28,55 (gam) Theo de bai, ta c6 he phi/omg t r i n h : C d c ^ 2: m„uo-i= m i d m i o a i p u + mg&,Txit = 8,3 + 96.0,1 + 35,5.0,3 = 28,55 (gam). 65a + 24b + 56c = 1,97 fa = 0,01 Bai 17. Goi so mol Zn, M g , Fe c6 trong hon hop la a, b, c ^a + b + c = 0,045 = > J b = 0,02 Thi nghi^m 1: 16,2a + 8b + 16c = 0,562 [c = 0,015 Zn + 2HC1 -> ZnCla + Hat (D Vay: mz„ - 0,01 x 65 = 0,65 (gam). (mol) a 2a a a Bai 18. K h i them dung dich C U S O 4 , Zn tac dung tao t h a n h Cu. N h i / vay M g + 2HC1 > MgCla + Hgt (2) xuat hien cap Zn - Cu va cung nhung trong dung dich H C l , hoi du (mol) b 2b b b dieu k i e n de xay ra an mon dien hoa, Zn la ctic am, bi Sn mon nhanh. Fe + 2HC1 > FeCl2 + Hat (3) Bai 19. (mol) c 2c c c a) Cu + Fe2(S04)3 Cu — > C U S O 4 + 2FeS04 TCf (1), (2) va (3) =^ n,,^ = a + b + c = = 0,045 (mol) (*) Cu + 2Fe^" > Cu'" + 2Fe'" Thi nghifm 2: Fe + C U S O 4 — Cu + FeS04 ZnCla + 2NaOH > Zn(0H)2 + 2NaCl (4) Fe + Cu2+ -> Fe'" + Cu (mol) na 2na na 2na b) So sanh: Fe c6 t i n h khijf manh horn Cu; Fe^" c6 t i n h oxi hoa manh MgCl2 + 2NaOH > Mg(0H)2 + 2NaCl (5) hcfn Cu'"; Cu'" c6 t i n h oxi hoa manh hcfn Fe'". (mol) nb 2nb nb Bai 20. Cha ndi cua hai k i m loai A l - Cu trong tii nhien c6 du dieu kien FeCla + 2NaOH > Fe(0H)2 + 2NaCl (6) h i n h t h a n h h i e n tifcfng Sn mon dien hoa. A l la cite am b i an mon (mol) nc 2nc nc nhanh. Day b i duft. Tii (4), (5) vk (6) => nNaOH = 2na + 2nb + 2nc = 0,3 x 0,06 = 0,018 Ket luan: khong nen ndi bang nhuTng k i m loai khac nhau, nen ndi hay 2n(a + b + c) = 0,018 (**) bang doan day Cu. Lay phifofng t r i n h (**) chia cho phifang t r i n h (*), ta c6: B a i 21. 2n(a + b + c) 0,018 = 0,4 =^ n = 0,2 a) Scf do dien phan dung dich AgNOa, dien cxic graphit: a + b + c 0,045 Thi nghiem 3: Ciic am < dung dich AgNOs — — > Cifc di/orng Ag", H2O N O 3 , H2O Zn(0H)2 ^—> ZnO + HgO (mol) 0,2a 0,2a Ag" + e Ag 2H2O -> 4 H " + O2 + 4e Phtfcfng t r i n h hoa hoc cua sif dien phan: Mg(0H)2 ^—> MgC dien phan dung dich ^ ^ ^ 4HNO3 (mol) 0,2b 0,2b 4AgN03 + 2H2O Bfil tlKftwR HAS Hnn •%•> 121
C. BAI TAP NANG CAO b) Kho'i iLfcrng A g di^u che' duac: mA. = i^i^iMil^SS pai !• chay ho^n toan 33,4 gam h6n hcfp B i gom bot cac k i m loai A l , 96500 x 1 ^,'ooigam) Fe, Cu, ngoai khong k h i thu dtfcfc 41,4 gam h5n hop B 2 gom 3 oxit. Cho c) The t i c h k h i (dktc) thu di/gc d anot: to^n b6 h 6 n hcfp B 2 thu di/Oc t^c dung ho^n to^n v d i dung dich H2SO4 no = yHAg = -^7^^^-^ = 0,00177 (mol) 20% c6 k h o i iLfgrng rieng d = 1,14 gam/mol. T i n h the tich to'i thieu cua ^ 4 108 X 4 dung dich H2SO4 20% de hoa tan hon hop 6 2 . ^ = 22,4 X 0,00177 = 0,0396 (lit) = 39,6 (ml) pai 2. Khuf hoan t o a n 4,06 gam m o t oxit k i m loai bkpig CO d n h i g t d6 lai 22. a) Cac phifang t r i n h hoa hoc xay ra: cao t h ^ n h k i m l o a i . DSn toan bo k h i sinh r a vao b i n h diTng dung 4AgN03 + 2H2O '^'^"P'^^" > 4Ag + O2 + 4HNO3 (1) dich Ca(0H)2 da, tha,y tao t h a n h 7 gam k e t tua. N e u l a y lifgng k i m AgNOs + NaCl > A g C l ^ + NaNOg (2) loai s i n h r a hoa t a n h e t vao dung dich H C l d\i t h i t h u dtfcfc 1,176 l i t b) Circ^ng do dong dien: I = 96500 x 1 x 0,432 ^ ^9 (A) k h i H 2 (dktc). 108 X 15 X 60 a) Xdc d i n h cong thiifc oxit k i m loai c) K h o i iLfong AgNOg b) Cho 4,06 gam oxit k i m loai t r e n tac dung hoan to^n vdi 500 m l dung LLfgrng A g sinh r a sau dien phan: nAg = = 0,004 (mol) dich H2SO4 dac, nong (dif) dtrgc dung dich X va c6 k h i SO2 bay ra. Hay 108 xdc d i n h nong do (mol) cua muo'i trong dung dich X. (Coi the tich dung 0 4 X 2^1 LLfgrng NaCl t h a m gia (2): nNaci = '^^^^ = 0,01 (mol) dich khong doi trong qua t r i n h phan ufng). Bai 3. T r 6 n 11 gam bot A l , Fe vdi 3,2 gam bot Itfu huynh thu difcfc h6n hop Li/gng AgNOg t h a m gia (2): n^^^^ = nNaci = 0,01 (mol) X. Nung X trong jbinh k i n khong c6 khong k h i , sau mot thcfi gian thu K h d i li/gng AgNOg c6 trong dung dich ban dau: dugrc hon hcfp A. H 6 a t a n ho&n toan A bang lifong dtf dung dich H2SO4 mAgN03 =170(0,004 + 0,01) = 2,38 (gam) dac, nong thay thodt r a 16,8 l i t SO2 (sdn phdm khd duy nhdt, dktc). ai 23. a) K h o i iLfOng A g thu di/gc sau dien phan: Phan t r a m k h o i Itfong cua Al. va Fe trong 11 gam h6n hgp Ian \k 108 X 0,402 X 4 X 60 X 60 ^ , A. 49,09% va 50,91% B . 50,91% va 49,09% mAg = — — = 6,48 (gam) 96500 X 1 C . 33,33% va 66,67% D . 66,67% va 33,33% =^ ^Ag = = 0,06 (mol) B^i 4. Dot 40,6 gam mot hgp k i m gom A l va Zn trong b i n h difng k h i clo iOo b) Nong do mdi cac chat sau diSn phan: thu diforc 65,45 gam h6n hop r d n . Cho hon hop r a n nay t a n het vao LiTgfng AgNOg c6 trong dung dich triTdc dien phan: dung dich H C l t h i t h u dugc V l i t H 2 (dktc). DSn V l i t nay di qua dng 0,4 X 200 difng 80 gam CuO nung nong. Sau mot t h d i gian thay trong dng con l a i nAgN03 = = 0,08 (mol) 1000 72,32 gam chat r a n va chi c6 80% k h i H 2 tham gia phan ufng. Phan Phtfong t r i n h hoa hoc cua sir dien phan: t r a m kho'i lifgng cua A l trong h5n hop la: 4AgN03 + 2H2O P ^ ^ " > 4Ag + O2 + 4HNO3 A . 19,95% B . 80,05% C. 29,92% D . 70,08% Ta c6: n^^^ = nAg = n^^^^ = 0,06 (mol) 5. Cho 3,25 gam hdn hop X gom 1 k i m loai k i e m M va mot k i m loai M' So' mol AgN03 con du sau dien phan: nAgNOj = 0,08-0,06 = 0,02 (mol) (hoa t r i H ) hba tar^ hoan toan vao mfdc tao t h a n h dung dich D va 1,008 l i t H2(dktc). Chia D lam 2 phan bkng nhau: Nong d5 mol cAc chsft trong dung dich sau dien phan: P h i n 1: Dem c6 can t h u difoc 2,03 gam cha't r i n A. ^ 1000 x 0,02 ^ 1000 X 0,06 Ph4n 2: Cho tac dung vdi 100 m l dung dich H C l 0,35M tao r a ket tua B . Bdl DUSNG HdA HOC 12 HOA HOC 12 ' 123
a) T i m khoi luong nguyen tijf ciia M va M ' . T i n h so' gam moi k i m loai 11. H6a tan 47,6 gam h6n hop A gom Fe304, Cu vko 1 l i t dung dich H2SO4 (loang, da) thu dagc dung dich B v& m gam chat v&n C. Nho trong hon hop X ban dau. dung dich NaNOa t d i da vao dung dich B ket thuc phan ang thu dagc b ) T i n h k h d i liicfng ket tiia B. Biet hieu suat cac phan ufng la 100%. 3,36 l i t k h i NO (dktc). 3ai 6. De phan ufng het a mol k i m loai M can 1,25a mol H2SO4 va sinh ra a) T i n h gia t r i cua m. k h i X (san pham khijf duy nhat). Hoa tan het 19,2 gam k i m loai M vao b) T i n h tlie tich ciia dung dich N H 3 0,5M can dung de ket tiia het cac dung dich H2SO4 tao ra 4,48 l i t k h i X (san pham khuf duy nhat, dktc) ion k i m loai trong dung dich B. K i m loai M la Bai 12. Cho 9,6 gam Cu vao 100 m l dung dich chaa dong t h d i hai muoi A . Cu B . Mg. C . Al. D . Fe. NaNOa I M va Ba(N03)2 I M , khong thay hien tagng gi, cho them vao 500 m l dung dich H C l 2 M thay thoat ra V l i t (dktc) k h i NO duy nhat. 3ai 7. H6n hop A gom Ba va A l . Cho m gam A tac dung v d i ntfdrc da, thu Hay t i n h V? dagc 1,344 l i t k h i , dung dich B va phan khong tan C. Cho 2m gam A Bai 13. tac dung vori dung dich Ba(0H)2 d a thu dagc 20,832 l i t k h i . C^c phan a) Hoa tan m gam hOn hgp A gom Fe va k i m loai M ( M c6 hoa t r i ang xay ra hoan toan, cac the tich k h i do d dktc. khong doi) trong dung dich H C l da t h i thu dagc 1,008 l i t k h i (dktc) va a) T i n h khoi laong tifng k i m loai trong m gam A. dung dich chaa 4,575 gam muoi khan. T i n h m. b) Cho 50 m l dung dich HCl vao dung dich B. Sau k h i phan ijfng xong b) Hoa tan het ciing lagng hOn hgp A ( 0 phan 1) trong dung dich chaa thu dagc 0,78 gam ket tua. Xac dinh nong do mol cua dung dich H C l . ]i6n hgp H N O 3 va H2SO4 of nhiet do thich hgp t h i thu dagc 1,8816 l i t hon hgp hai k h i (dktc) c6 t i khoi so vgi k h i H2 la 25,25. Xac dinh ten Bai 8. Chia 39,9 gam hon hop X d dang bgt gom Na, A l va Fe thanh 3 k i m loai M . phan bang nhau. Bai 14. Hoa tan het m gam hon hgp Fe, Cu vao 99 gam dung dich H2SO4 Phan 1: Cho t^c dung vgi niidc lay da, giai phong ra 4,48 l i t k h i (dktc) dac, nong. Ket thiic phan ang thu dagc dung dich X va 10,08 l i t SO2 k h i Hg. {sail pham khii duy nhat, dktc). Cho dung dich X tac dung vdi NaOH Phan 2: Cho tac dung vdi dung dich NaOH d a , giai phong ra 7,84 lit da, ket tua thu dagc dem nung trong khong k h i den kho'i lagng khong (dktc) k h i H2. H6a tan hoan toan phan 3 trong dung dich H C l da, thay doi con l a i 28 gam chat rSn. giai phong ra V l i t H2 (dktc). GiA t r i cua V 1^: a) T i n h phan t r a m k h o i lagng mOi k i m loai trong h6n hgp ban dau. b) T i n h nong do phan t r a m ban dau ciia dung dich H2SO4 dac, nong. A . 4,48 B . 7,84 C . 10,08 D . 12,32. Biet H2SO4 da lay da 10% so vdi lagng can thiet. Bai 9. Cho 13,5 gam bgt A l tan het v^o 1000 m l dung dich H C l 2 M , thu c) T i n h nong do phan t r a m ciia cac chat trong X. dagc dung dich X. Dung dich nay tac dung vofi V l i t dung dich NaOH 2M ^ai 15. Hoa tan hoan toan 16,5 gam hon hgp A l va Fe trong dung dich dagc 23,4 gam A1(0H)3. T i n h gia t r i cua V. H2SO4 loang, thu dagc 13,44 l i t H2 (dktc). Neu hoa tan het 11 gam hon Bai 10. Hoa t a n m gam hon hop Cu, Fe304 trong 150 m l dung dich H C l i M , h'.fp nay trong dung dich H2SO4 dac, nong. T i n h the tich k h i SO2 (dktc) ket t h u c p h a n a n g thu dagc dung dich X va 1 gam chat r d n khong tan thoat ra (gia suf SO2 la san pham khuf duy nhat)? Y. Cho 50 m l dung dich NaNOa I M v^o dung dich X, ke't thuc phan ufng 16. Hoa tan het 10,2 gam hon hgp X gom A l , M g trong dung dich thu dagc dung dich Z, (lam quy t i m hoa do) va 0,224 l i t k h i N O (san ^kSOi dac, nong. Ket thuc phan ufng thu dagc 4,48 l i t (dktc) hSn hgp Jiai k h i H2S va SO2, c6 t i le the tich 1 : 1. T i n h t h a n h phan phan t r a m pham khuf duy nhat, dktc). T i n h nong do mol cua ion H"^ trong dung theo khdi lagng ciia A l trong X. dich Z va gi^ t r i cua m. "^""^SNG HOA HOC 12 125 Bdl DlidNG HOA HOC 12
a i 17. T i e n h ^ n h h a i t h i n g h i e m sau: pai 21- Cho h § n h o p M g v a Cu tdc d u n g v 6 i 200 m l d u n g d i c h chufa h 5 n T h i n g h i e m 1 : C h o 4 g a m b o t Cu t a c d u n g v d i 100 m l d u n g dich h g p h a i m u d i A g N O s 0 , 3 M v a Cu(N03)2 0 , 2 5 M . Sau k h i p h a n ufng x o n g H N O 3 0 , 2 M k h i p h a n ijfng k e t thuc da t h u duac V i l i t (dktc) N O duy nha't. t h u dMc d u n g d i c h A v a c h a t r a n B . Cho A tac d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h T h i n g h i e m 2: Cho 4 g a m b o t Cu tac d u n g vdri 100 m l d u n g d i c h h6n N a O H d i i , loc k e t t u a d e m n u n g d e n k h d i lufong k h o n g d d i dufgc 3,6 g a m h o p H N O 3 0 , 2 M v a H 2 S O 4 0 , 2 M , k h i p h a n ufng k e t t h u c t h u dMc lit h o n h o p h a i o x i t . H o a t a n h o a n t o a n B t r o n g d u n g d i c h H2SO4 dac, k h i ( d k t c ) N O duy n h a t . n o n g ddgc 2,016 l i t k h i SO2 (d dieu kien tieu chudn). T i n h khd^i lUcfng a ) H a y v i e t p h u o n g t r i n h p h a n ufng x a y r a diidi d a n g i o n r u t gon. M g v a C u t r o n g h o n h o p b a n dau. b ) So sAnh cAc t h e t i c h k h i N O t r o n g h a i t h i n g h i e m t r e n . p^i 22. Cho 4,15 g a m h 6 n h o p h o t Fe v a A I tac d u n g vdri 200 m l d u n g d i c h c ) N u n g n o n g 27,3 g a m h 6 n h o p g o m NaNOa v a Cu(N03)2 d e n p h a n ufng CUSO4 0 , 5 2 5 M . Khua'y k y h o n h o p de cac p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n . hoan toan. H6n hop k h i thoat ra diigc dan vao 89,2 ml nude D e m loc dU'Oc k e t t u a A g o m h a i k i m l o a i c6 k h d i l i / o n g l a 7,84 g a m v a (D = 1,0 g / m l ) t h i con d a 1,12 l i t k h i ( d k t c ) k h o n g b i h a p t h u (oxi coi dung d i c h ntfdc loc B . n h i f k h o n g t a n t r o n g ruidc). B i e t r ^ n g cac p h a n ufng x a y r a h o ^ n t o ^ n . a) De h o a t a n k e t t u a A c a n d u n g i t n h a t bao n h i e u m l d u n g d i c h HNO3 a ) T i n h k h d i l u g n g m 8 i muo'i t r o n g h 5 n h o p dau. 2 M , b i e t r k n g p h a n ufng g i a i p h o n g r a k h i NO? P) T i n h n o n g do p h a n t r S m cua d u n g d i c h s a n p h a m t h u ducrc. b) T h e m d u n g d i c h h o n h o p B a ( 0 H ) 2 0 , 0 5 M + N a O H 0 , 1 M vao dung a i 18. H o a t a n h e t 7,74 g a m h o n h o p h a i k i m l o a i M g v a A I b a n g 500 m l d i c h B . h o i c a n bao n h i e u m l h d n h o p d u n g d i c h d6 de k e t t i i a h o a n d u n g d i c h h 8 n h o p chufa a x i t H C l I M v a H2SO4 0 , 2 8 M ( l o a n g ) t h u di/oc t o a n h a i h i d r o x i t cua k i m l o a i . Sau do n e u d e m Ipc k e t t u a n u n g no d u n g d i c h A v ^ 8,736 l i t k h i H2 (d 273 K v a 1 a t m ) , cho r k n g cAc axit t r o n g k h o n g k h i d n h i e t do cao t d i k h i cac h i d r o x i t b i n h i e t p h a n t h i p h a n ufng d o n g t h d i vdri h a i k i m l o a i . t h u difcfc bao n h i e u g a m c h a t r a n ? a ) T i n h t o n g k h d i l i f o n g muo'i t a o t h a n h sau p h a n ufng. Bai 23. Cho 0,774 g a m h o n h o p Z n v a Cu vao 500 m l d u n g d i c h A g N 0 3 b ) Cho d u n g d i c h A p h a n ufng v d i V l i t d u n g d i c h h 5 n h o p g o m N a O H 0 , 0 4 M . Sau k h i p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n t h u dirge cha't r ^ n X n a n g I M v a B a ( 0 H ) 2 . T i n h t h e t i c h V can d u n g de p h a n ufng t h u dagc li/gng 2,2915 g a m . K h d i lufgng cua Z n t r o n g h 6 n h g p b a n dau l a k e t t u a I d n n h a t , t i n h lu'gng k e t t i i a do. A . 0,1625 g a m B . 0,6115 g a m C. 0,325 g a m . D . 0,4875 g a m a i 19. N h u n g t h a n h sat n a n g 100 g a m vao 500 m l d u n g d i c h h o n hop Bai 24. H o a t a n 5,64 g a m Cu(N03)2 v a 1,7 g a m A g N O s vao nufdc t h u dJgc CUSO4 0 , 0 8 M v a Ag2S04 0,004M. G i a suf t a t ca Cu, A g t h o a t r a deu bam 101,43 d u n g d i c h A . Cho 1,57 g a m h o t k i m l o a i g o m A I v a Z n vao dung vao t h a n h sat. Sau m o t t h d i g i a n l a y t h a n h sat can l a i duoc 100,48 gam. d i c h A r o i khua'y deu. Sau k h i p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n , t h u dirge a ) T i n h k h d i l i f o n g c h a t r a n A t h o a t r a b a m l§n t h a n h s d t . p h a n r a n B v a d u n g d i c h D c h i chufa h a i m u d i . N g a m B t r o n g d u n g d i c h b ) H o a t a n cha't r a n A b a n g d u n g d i c h HNO3 dac. H o i c6 bao n h i e u l i t H2SO4 l o a n g k h o n g tha'y c6 k h i t h o a t r a . k h i m a u n a u t h o a t r a (do d 27°C v a 1 a t m ) ? a) V i e t p h i r o n g t r i n h hoa hoc cua cac p h a n ufng x a y r a . c ) Cho t o a n bo t h e t i c h k h i m a u n a u d t r e n h a p t h u vao 500 m l N a O H b) T i n h n o n g do p h a n t r a m ciia m 6 i m u d i t r o n g d u n g d i c h A . 0 , 2 M . T i n h n o n g do m o l ciia cac cha't sau p h a n ufng. G i a suf t h e t i c h ^ a i 25. Cho h 5 n h g p X ( d a n g b o t ) g o m 0,1 m o l A I v a 0,25 m o l Fe tac d u n g trong dung dich k h o n g thay ddi. h d t vdfi 400 m l d u n g d i c h h d n h g p Cu(N03)2 0 , 5 M v a A g N 0 3 1,25M. k e t a i 20. Cho a g a m b o t sat vao 200 m l d u n g d i c h X g o m h o n hotp h a i mudi t h u c p h a n ufng. Loc t a c h k e t t u a , cho niTdc Igc tac d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h l a A g N O a y a Cu(N03)2 k h i p h a n ufng x o n g t h u difofc 3,44 g a m c h a t rin B v a d u n g d i c h C. T a c h B r o i cho d u n g d i c h C tac d u n g v d i N a O H dii diidc N a O H dir, t h u dirge m g a m k e t t u a . H a y t i n h gia t r i cua m? 3,68 g a m k e t t u a h a i h i d r o x i t k i m l o a i . N u n g k e t t u a t r o n g k h o n g k h i 26. H 6 a t a n 3,38 g a m h d n h g p m u d i cacbonat v a h i d r o c a c b o n a t ciia m o t d e n khd^i liJgng k h o n g d d i di/cfc 3,2 g a m c h a t r a n . k i m l o a i k i e m M t h u dirge d u n g d i c h X. T h e m vao d u n g d i c h X mot a ) Xac d i n h a. li^gng H C l dir tha'y g i a i p h o n g r a 0,672 l i t k h i ( d k t c ) . Xac d i n h k i m l o a i b ) T i n h n o n g do m o l cua cac c h a t t r o n g d u n g d i c h X. M va sd m o l m u d i a x i t t r o n g h 6 n hgp ban dau. ndi oadNG HOA HOC 12 itii;HOAH0C12 127
a) V i e t cac p h u o n g t r i n h h o a hoc ciia p h a n ufng t r o n g cac t h i n g h i S m t r e n . a i 2 7 . H o n hcfp A c6 Icho'i iLfgng 8,14 g a m g o m CuO, AI2O3 m o t o x i t s^t Cho H2 d U q u a A n u n g n o n g sau kiai p l i a n uTng x o n g t h u dugc 1,44 gai^ b ) T i n h k h o i l a g n g cua h o n h g p cac k i m l o a i b a n d a u . H2O. H o a t a n h o a n t o a n A c a n 170 m l d u n g d i c h H 2 S O 4 l o a n g I M , dirac c ) T i n h t h a n h p h a n p h a n t r a m t h e o k h o i l u g n g cua m o i l o a i k i m l o a i d u n g d i c h B . C h o B t a c d u n g v d i d u n g d i c h N a O H d u , loc l a y k e t t u ^ t r o n g h o n hgp. dem nung nong trong khong k h i den khoi lugng khong d d i duoc d ) T i n h t i le giiJa so n g u y e n tijf N i v a so n g u y e n tuf Cu t r o n g h o n h g p . 5,2 g a m c h a t r S n . XAc d i n h cong thufc ciia o x i t sAt vk t i n h k h o i lifgng '?4. H o a t a n 0 , 1 m o l m d i k i m l o a i M g v a Fe t r o n g 4 5 0 m l d u n g d i c h c u a tCrng o x i t t r o n g A . A g N O s I M , k e t t h i i c p h a n ufng t h u diigc d u n g d i c h X - v a m g a m c h a t r a n a i 28. Cho 24,3 g a m h o t A I vao 225 m l d u n g d i c h h o n h o p (NaNOa I M + Y . T i n h g i a t r i ciia m . N a O H 3 M ) k h u a y deu cho d e n k h i ngCfng k h i t h o a t r a t h i diing l a i . T i n h B^i 35. H o a t a n 8,1 g a m m o t k i m l o a i M b a n g d u n g d i c h H N O 3 ( l o a n g ) t h a y the tich k h i thoat ra a dktc. t h o a t r a 6,72 l i t N O duy n h a t ( d k t c ) . a i 29. H o a t a n h o a n t o a n 4 0 g a m h 6 n h g p X g o m m o t so k i m l o a i t r o n g a ) Xac d i n h t e n k i m l o a i M . d u n g d j c h H N O 3 , k e t t h u c p h a n ufng t h u diicfc 0,15 m o l NO2, 0 , 1 m o l NO b) H o a t a n 10,8 g a m k i m l o a i M d t r e n b a n g m o t l i i g n g vi^a d i i d u n g v a 0,05 m o l N2O v a d u n g d i c h X. B i e t k h o n g c6 p h a n ufng tao muoi d i c h H C l , t h u difgc d u n g d i c h A . Cho d u n g d i c h A tac d u n g v d i 6,9 g a m NH4NO3. Tinh: N a ( N a t a n h e t ) . T i n h k h o i l i f g n g k e t t i i a t h u diigc. a ) K h o i i L f g n g m u o i t h u diioc s a u k h i c6 c a n d u n g d i c h X. Bai 36. H o a t a n 15,5 g a m h 6 n h g p A g o m h o t A I , M g , Fe vao 1 l i t d u n g b ) So m o l H N O 3 da p h a n ufng. d i c h H N O 3 l o a n g , dif t h u d a g c 8,96 l i t k h i N O (duy n h a t ) d d k t c . N e u a i 30. H o a t a n h o a n t o a n 1,97 g a m h o n h g p Z n , M g , Fe t r o n g m o t li/gng hba t a n 0,05 m o l h o n h g p A b a n g d u n g d i c h H 2 S O 4 l o a n g , dif t h i t h u VLfa du d u n g d i c h H C l , t h u diigc 1,008 l i t k h i (or d k t c ) v a d u n g d i c h A. dirge d i c h C. T h e m m o t l u g n g diT N a O H vao d u n g d i c h C t h u duge k e t C h i a d u n g d i c h A t h a n h 2 p h a n k h o n g deu n h a u . t i i a D . Loc l a y k e t t i i a D n u n g t r o n g k h o n g k h i g n h i e t do cao d e n k h i Phan 1: Cho k e t t u a h o a n t o a n v6i m o t l i / g n g vCra d i i d u n g d i c h N a O H CO k h o i l i r g n g k h o n g d d i t h u dirge 2 g a m cha't r ^ n E. 0,06 M t h i c a n 300 m l . K e t t i i a d e m r\ia sach, n u n g d e n k h o i Itfgng T i n h khd^i l i r g n g ciia eae k i m l o a i t r o n g 15,5 g a m h o n h g p b a n dau. k h o n g d d i t h i t h u dirge 0,562 g a m c h a t r ^ n . Bai 37. Cho 12,88 g a m h d n h g p M g v a Fe vao 700 m l d u n g d i c h AgNOg. Phan 2: Cho p h a n ufng vdri N a O H dtf r o i t i e n h a n h n h i i p h a n 1 t h i thu Sau k h i cae p h a n ufng x a y r a h o a n t o a n , t h u diTgc cha't r a n C nang diigc a g a m c h a t r a n . 48,72 g a m v a d u n g d i c h D ( k h o n g ehufa A g * v a Fe^^). C h o d u n g d i c h - T i n h k h o i Itfgng tifng k i m loai. N a O H t d i dir vao d u n g d i c h D , r o i l a y k e t t i i a n u n g t r o n g k h o n g k h i d e n lai 31. Khuf 3,48 g a m m o t o x i t k i m l o a i M c a n d u n g 1,344 l i t H2 (dktc). k h o i l i r g n g k h o n g d d i con l a i 14 g a m c h a t r a n . T i n h n o n g do eiia d u n g T o a n bg l u g n g k i m l o a i M t h u difgc cho t a c d u n g vdii d u n g d i c h H C l d\i dich A g N 0 3 da d u n g , cho 1,008 H2 ( d k t c ) . T i m k i m l o a i M v a o x i t k i m l o a i M . ^ ^ i 38. Cho 8,3 g a m h o n h g p X g o m A I v a Fe c6 so m o l b a n g n h a u vao lai 32. H o a t a n m g a m M g vao 1 l i t d u n g d i c h Fe(N03)2 0 , 1 M v ^ Cu(N03)2 100 m l d u n g d i c h Y g o m Cu(N03)2 v a AgNOg sau k h i p h a n ufng k e t thuc 0 , 1 M . Lgc l a y d u n g d i c h X. T h e m N a O H dtf vao d u n g d i c h X , t h u da(?c t h u dirge cha't r a n A g o m 3 k i m l o a i . H o a t a n A vao d u n g d i c h H C l diT, k e t t i i a Y , n u n g Y n g o a i k h o n g k h i d e n k h o i l u g n g k h o n g d o i , c6n l a ' tha'y CO 1,12 l i t k h i t h o a t r a ( d k t c ) va con l a i 28 g a m c h a t r a n B k h o n g 10 g a m c h a t r a n Z. T i n h so m o l m u o i Fe(N03)2 d a p h a n ufng. t a n . T i n h n o n g do m o l ciia Cu(N03)2 va AgNOg t r o n g d u n g d i c h Y . tai 33. Cho a g a m h o n h g p h o t cac k i m l o a i N i v a Cu vao d u n g d i c h AgNOs 39. H 6 a t a n h e t 24,36 g a m h o n h g p FeCOg v a FegOg t r o n g 200 gam di/, k h u a y k i m o t t h d i g i a n cho d e n k h i p h a n ufng k e t t h u c . Ngi/oii t a t h ^ ^ ^ n g d i c h H N O 3 3 1 , 5 % , k e t t h u c p h a n ufng t h u dirge d u n g d i c h X c6 k h o i di/gc 54 g a m k i m l o a i . M a t k h a c , cung cho a g a m h o n h g p h o t cac kin^ ^^?ng t a n g 15,96 g a m v a h o n h g p k h i Y . D u n g d i c h X h b a t a n t d i da l o a i t r e n vao d u n g d i c h C U S O 4 dii, k h u a y k i cho d e n k h i p h a n ufng kS* BSin,!!^ Cu. T i n h g i a t r i cua m . thuc. Ngiiori t a t h u di/gc k i m l o a i c6 k h o i Itfgng b a n g (a + 0,5) g a m . °"^NG Hdfl HOC 12 „o 28 BOI OUdNG HOA HOC 12
p^i 3. Quy hSn hap A ve 3 nguyen t6' A l , Fe v^ S. 3ai 1. Sa dd hki todn: Al - 3e — > AI^^ +2e S+4 Fe Fe,03 (mol) X 3x (mol) 1,3 (0,75 - 0,1) + H g S O ^ 20% ^ 33,4 gam B i Cu CuO CuSO^ Fe - 3e — > ¥e^* Al A1,(S0J„ (mol) y 3y 41,4 gam B2 s - 4e > S^^ Tii sa do t r e n t a suy ra: (mol) 0,1 0,4 0,1 2 X (41,4-33,4) HH^SO. = 2n„^= = 0,5 (mol) => 3x + 3y + 0,4 = 1,3 => X + y = 0,3 (1) Mat khac: 27x + 56y = 11 (2) V = X 98 X 100 ^ (ml) Giai he (1), (2) ta difoc: x = 0,2 (mol) vk y = 0,1 (mol) dung dich H j S O ^ 2O X 1,14 27 X 0 2 3ai 2. a) Phan ufng: vay: % m A i = ^ 1^^^'' = 49,09%. Chgn A . C O 2 + Ca(0H)2 -> CaCOsI + H 2 O Bai 4. Ta c6: n^,^ = 65,45^-40,6 ^ ^ ^^^^^ . (mol) 0,07 ^ 0,07 80-72,32 100 „ n.. = '— X = 0,6 (mol) MxOy + yCO —> xM + yCOa 16 80 0,07 0,07x Al - 3e (mol) 2C1 - 1 y (mol) x 3x (mol) 0,35 0,7 0,07 (1) Zn - 2e -> Zn 2+ 2H^ + 2e :r> (Mx + 16y) X H2 y , y M (mol) y 2y (mol) 1,2 0,6 M + nHCl Theo de b a i , ta c6 he phtfong t r i n h : 3x + 2y = 1,9 X = 0,3 0,07x 0,07x.n 1,176 ' 27x + 65y = 40,6 y = 0,5 (mol) 22,4 y.2 0 3 X 27 Vay: % m A i = ——— X 100% - 19,95%. Chon A. x ^ ^ (2) 40,6 y ~ 2n Bai 5. a) Ta c6: n „ = 0,045 (mol) HHCI = 0,035 (mol) Thay (2) va (1) t a dixgc: M = 28n => n = 2 va M = 56 (Fe) - = - Goi a la so mol cua M va b la so mol cua M ' trong 3,25 gam hon hgrp X Ma + M'b - 3,25 (1) Vay c6ng thufc cua oxit sat la Fe304 Phan Lfng: 2 M + 2H2O > 2 M 0 H + Hat b ) Phan ufng: (mol) a a 0,5a 2Fe304V IOH2SO4 > 3Fe2(S04)3 + S O a t + IOH2O Vi D + H C l > k e t tua nen M ' la k i m loai lU9ng t i n h . (mol) 0,0175^^ 0,02625 M' + 2M0H M2M'02 + H a t ^ 0,02625 ^ (mol) b 2b b b =^ '^MIFe.CSO,)^], 0,5 => a + 2b = 0,09 (2) B6| DI/0NG HOA HOC 12 OUONG HOA HOC 1 2 131
Dung dich D gom: MaM'Og (b mol) va M O H (a - 2b > 0) pai 7. a) Cho m gam A vao H2O dif: Ba tan het, A l t a n mot phan, t i n h Ho theo Ba(OH)2 => ^ [(2M + M ' + 32)b + (M + 17)(a - 2b)] = 2,03 Ba + 2H2O > Ba(OH)2 + H 2 t Ma + M'b |- 17(a - 2b) = 4,06 =^ 17a - 2b = 0,81 (3) (mol) X X X Tif (2) va (3), ta dugc: a = 0,05 (mol); b = 0,02 (mol) 2A1 + Ba(0H)2 + 6H2O > Ba[Al(OH)4]2 + SHgt (mol) X 3x TCr (1) 0,05M + 0,02M' = 3,25 => M ' = '^f!:±__^ n„^ = X + 3x = 0,06 ^ X = 0,015 (mol) M 7 (Li) 23 (Na) 39 (K) Cho 2m gam A vao Ba(OH)2 dii, ca Ba va A l tan het M' 145 105 65 (Zn) Ba + 2H2O > Ba(0H)2 + H a t => m K = 1,95 (gam) ; mz„ = 1,3 (gam) (mol) 0,03 0,06 b) - d u n g dich D chufa: KaZnOg : 0,01 (mol) va K O H : 0,005 (mol) 2A1 + Ba(OH)a + 6Ha0 > Ba[Al(OH)4J2 + 3H2T 2 (mol) 2y 3y KOH + HCl KCl + H 2 O 20 832 (mol) 0,005 ^ 0,005 ^ 0,06 + 3 y = = 0,93 ^ y = 0,29 (mol) KaZnOa + 2HC1 — > 2KC1 + Zn(0H)2^ Vay: m s a = 0,015 x 137 = 2,055 (mol); m M = 27 x 0,29 = 7,83 (gam) 0,01 ^ 0,02 0,01 b) Dung dich B: Ba[Al(OH)4]2 = 0,015 (mol) (mol) 0 78 Zn(0H)2 + H C l — > ZnCla + 2H2O +) Tri/dng hgrp H C l thieu: n^^^,^,^ = = 0,01 (mol) (mol) 0,05 2 A l ( O H ) 3 i + BaCla + 2H2O =^ me = ni,_^,oH), = 0-495 (gam). (mol) 0,005 0,01 n„ phan 1 => A l c5n du, OH hS't 24 12 = 0,2 => M = 60 (gam/mol) (loai) (mol) M 2Na + 2H2O > 2Na^ + 2 0 H - + H a t M (mol) X X 0,5x +) Neu X la H2S H2S + 4H2O + 4 S O 2A1 + 2H2O + 2 O H " > 2A10- + 3H2t 5H2SO4 + 8e 2^ = 0,2 (mol) X l,5x M = 24 (gam/mol) (nhaH (mol) 24 5M 4 48 M =^ n „ = 0,5x + l , 5 x = = 0,2 => x = 0,1 (mol) H, . 22,4 M la k i m loai magie (Mg). Chgn B. B6| Dl/flNG H O A H O C 12 " W S N G HdA HOC 12 l - * *
+) P h a n 2 + N a O H d U : Tritcfng hap 2: PhAn uTng (4) d a x a y r a Tii (2), (3), (4) ^ n = n^, + 3n^,,, + n ^ „ „ , „ ; t a n Na + H2O > Na* + O H " + - H a t 2 = 0,5 + 3 X 0,5 + (0,5 - 0,3) = 2,2 ( m o l ) ' (mol) 0,1 0,05 2 2 2A1 + 2H2O + 2 O H - > 2AIO2 + SHzt => V dung dich N a O H = = 1,1 (Ht) (mol) y l,5y Bai 1 0 - T a c6: nnci = 0,15 X 1 = 0,15 ( m o l ) 7 84 Fe304 + 8H^ > Fe^^ + 2Fe^^ + 4H2O ^ = 0,05 + l , 5 y = = 0,35 => y = 0,2 (mol) (mol) X 8x X 2x - X 3 9 , 9 - ( 2 3 X 0 , 1 + 0,2 x 2 7 ) C u + 2Fe^^ > Cu^^ + 2Fe2^ ^ n^^ = ^ — = 0,1 (mol) ob (mol) X 2x 2x +) P h a n 3 + H C l dif: 3Fe^^ + 4H* + N O " ^ 3Fe^^ + N O + 2H2O 2 N a + 2HC1 > 2NaCl + Hgt (mol) 0,1 0,05 (mol) 3x 4x X 2A1 + 6 H C 1 > 2AICI3 + 3H2t 0 224 ri> nNo = X = — = 0,01 (mol) (mol) 0,2 0,3 22,4 => m = 2 3 2 X 0,01 + 64 X 0,01 + 1 = 3,96 (gam) Fe + 2 H C 1 > FeClz + H2t (mol) 0,1 0,1 ^ n , = 0,15 - 12 X 0 , 0 1 = 0,03 (mol) => [ H ^ ] d i / = = 0,15M =:> V „ = (0,05 + 0,3 + 0,1) X 224 = 10,08 ( l i t ) . Chqn C. "2 H dU Q2 13 5 23 4 a i 9. T a c6: nAi = — z - = 0,5 (mol); nnci = 2 ( m o l ) n^,ojj, = — ^ = 0,3 (mol) Bai 11. a ) P h a n ufng: Fe304 + 4H2SO4 > FeS04 + Fe2(S04)3 + 4H2O , Al + 3H" ^ Al'" + |H2t (1) (mol) X 4x X . X (mol) 0,5 1,5 .0,5 C u + Fe2(S04)3 > CUSO4 + 2 F e S 0 4 (mol) 2x + OH- > H2O (2) X X X (mol) 0,5 0,5 C h a t r a n k h o n g t a n C 1^ C u d u D u n g d i c h B chiJa: F e ' " , C u ' ^ S O f , + NaNOg A1'^ + 3 0 H - — > A1(0H)3>^ (3) N e u A l ^ * d a h e t mk OH' cbn dif t h i : 3Fe^* + N O : + 4 H " > 3Fe^" + N O t + 2H2O A1(0H)3 + O H - > A l O - + 2H2O (4) (mol) 0,45 0,15 0,6 0,45 0,15 i Tritcfng hap 1: phkn ijfng (4) chifa xky r a 3x = 0,45 => x = 0,15 Cmol) TCr (2), ( 3 i =>, n „ „ . = n ^ . + 3 n , , ; „ , ^ = 0,5 + 0,9 = 1 , 4 ( m o l ) _ 4 7 , 6 - 2 3 2 x 0,15 „ => ncu ban diu = — ^ — — = 0,2 ( m o l ) D4 =^VdungdichNaOH = ^ = 0,7 ( l i t ) =^ ncu du = 0,2 - 0,15 = 0,05 ( m o l ) => mcu du = 0,05 x 6 4 = 3,2 (gam)
b) Ta c6: n,,^^^^ „Ha„.ng= 4 x 0,15 + | x 0,6 = 0,9 (mol) b) Theo de b a i , ta c6: nh6„h,p = = 0,084 (mol) ^ ^n.,Ho, a. = 1 - 0,9 = 0,1 (mol) "I => M = 25,25 X 2 = 50,5 ^ C6 1 k h i la SO2 2NH3 + H2SO4 > (NH4)2S04 V i HNO3 dac nen suy ra k h i con l a i la: NO2 (mol) 0,2 0,1 Goi X, y la so mol cua NO2 va SO2 X + y = 0,084 2NH3 + CUSO4 + 2H2O > Cu(0H)2i + (NH4)2S04 Theo de b ^ i , ta c6 he phiiong t r i n h : (mol) 0,3 0,15 46x + 64y = 4,242 • 2NH3 + FeS04 + 2H2O > Fe(0H)2^ + (NH4)2S04 Giai he phtfang t r i n h , ta dugc: x = 0,063 va y = 0,021 (mol) 0,9 0,45 Ap dung d i n h luat bao toan dien tich: 0,2 + 0,3 + 0,9 Fe - 3e Fe^" NO3 + 2H^ + l e ^ NO2 + H2O V,.„,.:ehNH3 = 0,5 =2,8 (lit) (mol) a 3a a (mol) 2x X Jai 12. Ta c6: ncu = — = 0,15 (mol) ; HHCI = 2 X 0,5 = 1 (mol) M - ne SO^- + 4H^ + 2e ^ SO2 + 2H2O 64 (mol) b bn (mol) 2y y => 3a + nb = X + 2y = 0,105 (2) Va n^^o^ = 0,1 X 1 = 0,1 (mol) ; n^^,^^ ,^ = 1 x 0,1 = 0,1 (mol) TCf (1) va (2) ^ a = 0,015 (mol) va nb = 0,06 (mol) NaNOg > Na^ + N O " (1) Mat khac: 56a + Mb = 1,38 => Mb = 0,54 (mol) 0,1 0,1 => M = 9n =:> Nghiem thich hop n = 3, M = 27: nhom (Al). Ba(N03)2 > Ba^* + 2 N O : (2) Bai 14. a) Ta c6: n , ^ = = 0,45 (mol) so, 22,4 (mol) 0,1 0,2 H . S O , dac ^ „ ,„„ , NaOH 2Fe ' ' • > Fe2(S04)3 -> 2Fe(OH)3 ->Fe203 Tii (1) va (2) => S^No- = ^'^ + = ^'^ X 0,5x X 0,5x Phifofng t r i n h phan ijfng: NaOH Cu "^^"^"^^^ ) CUSO4 Cu(OH)2 -> CuO 3Cu + 2NO3 + 8H^ > 3Cu^' + 2NOt + 4H2O y y y Banddu: 0,15 0,3 1 => nichatrin = 160 X 0,5x + 80y = 28 =i> X + y = 0,35 (1) Phan ling: 0,15 0,1 0,4 0,15 0,1 Du: 0 0,2 0,6 Fe - 3e — -> Fe'3+ S"' +2e S +4 Ttf (3) ^ n N o = 0,1 (mol) VNQ = 0,1 x 22,4 = 2,24 (lit) (mol) X 3x (mol) 0,9 0,45 ;ai 13. a) Phan ufng: Fe + 2HC1 > FeClg + H2 (1) Cu - 2e — -> Cu,2+ (mol) y 2y M + nHCl >MC1„+^H2 (2) => 3x + 2y = 0,9 (2) Goi a, b 1^ so mol cua Fe vk M trong m gam Giai he (1) v^ (2), t a dirgrc: x = 0,2 (mol); y = 0,15 (mol) Tif (1) va (2) => n „ = a + -b = = 0,045 =^ 2a + nb = 0,09 (1) Phan trSm khoi liicrng cua cac k i m loai trong X: "2 2 22,4 0,2 X 56 %mFe = X 100%= 53,84% Theo gia t h i e t : 0,2 X 56 + 0,15 X 64 m^^j.. = mp^^,^+ m ^ P , = (56 + 71)a + ( M + 35,5n)b = 4,575 m = 1,38 % m c u = 100% - 53,84% = 46,16% 3^ B6I DUdNG HdA HOC 1 2 DU8NG HOA HQC 1 2 137
pai 16- T a cd: n^^^ = n „ ^ = 0,1 ( m o l ) b) 2 H 2 S O 4 + 2e > SO2 + 2H2O + SO (mob 0,9 Af* + Be • n = 0,99 ( m o l ) HjSO^ ban dSu 100% (mol) X 3x (mol) 0,8 0,1 0,99 X 98 C% X 100% = 98% Mg - 2e -> M g,2+ 3+6 + 2e 99 (mol) y 2y (mol) 0,2 0,1 c ) m x = 9 9 + 56 X 0,2 + 6 4 x 0,15 - 64 x 0,45 = 9 1 ( g a m ) Theo de b a i , t a c6 h e phLfong t r i n h : D u n g d i c h X chtfa: 0,09 m o l H2SO4, 0,1 m o l Fe2(S04)3 v a 0,15 m o l CUSO4 2 7 x + 2 4 y = 10,2 98 X 0,09 X = y = 0,2 ( m o l ) Vdy: C% X 1 0 0 % = 9,7% 3x + 2 y = 1 _ 400 X 0,1 0 2 X 27 c% Fe.,(SO,), - X 100% = 43,96% Vay: % m A i = — x 100% = 52,94% _ 160 X 0,15 c% CuSO^ ~ g-j^ X 100% = 26,37% Bai 17. a ) P h a n ufng: 3Cu + 8H^ + 2 N 0 : — -> 3Cu^^ + 2 N 0 t + 4H2O 13,44 lai 15. T a c6: n „ = = 0,6 ( m o l ) . 22,4 b ) T a c6: ncu = - — = 0,0625 m o l n „ , = n„^ = 0,02 ( m o l ) 64 3 Al + 3H^ — -> A l ^ ^ + - H 2 t 3Cu + 8H^ + 2 N O : > 3Cu^^ + 2 N 0 t + 4H2O (mol) X l,5x (mol) . 0,0075 0,02 0,005 0,005 Fe + 2 H ^ > Fe^^ + Hgt H"^ p h a n ufng h e t , N O 3 c o n dif vk C u c o n di/. (mol) y y K h i t h e m 0,02 m o l H2SO4 t h e m 0,04 m o l H"^ T h e o de b a i , t a c6 h e phiTcfng t r i n h : T h i phiTcfng t r i n h p h a n ufng t r e n , so' m o l C u d a p h a n ufng: 2 7 x + 5 6 y = 16,5 X = 0,3 0,06 X 3 = 0,0225 < 0,0625 l , 5 x + y = 0,6 [ y = 0,2 8 0,06 T r o n g 1 1 g a m h 6 n hcfp c6 chijfa: s6' m o l N O da t h a m gia = = 0,015 < 0,02 m o l (ca h a i v a n c6n " 4 11 X 0,3 = 0,2 ( m o l ) du) => nNo = 0,015 ( m o l ) V2 = 3 V i 16,5 c ) P h a n ufng: 11 X 0,15 npe = = 0,1 (mol) 16,5 2NaN03 — > 2 N a N 0 2 + Ogt Al2(S04)3 + SSOzt + 6H2O (mol) X X 0,5x • 2A1 + 6H2SO4 (ipol) 0,2- • 0,3 2Cu(N03)2 — > 2Cu0 + Ost + 4N02t * 2Fe + 6 H 2 S b 4 4 Fe2(S04)3 + SSOat + 6H2O (mol) y y 0,5y 2y (mol) 0,1 0,15 4NO2 + O2 + 2H2O ^ > 4HNO3 V,^ = (0,3 + 0,15) X 22,4 = 11,2 ( l i t ) (mol) 2y 0,5y y 2y
"o, k h o n g w hap thu = 0,5x = 0,05 (mol) => x = 0,1 (mol) So mol O H can dung de ket tiia hai ion Mg^* v ^ Al^*^ : n^^^^ = 0,78 (mol) " N H N O . ^ 8,5 (gam); m,^^,^^, ,^ = 18,8 (gam) T h e tich B a ( O H ) 2 0 , 5 M v a N a O H I M can dung: V = = 0,39 ( l i t ) ^HNo, tao th^nh = = 0,2 (mol) => m^^^^^ = 12,6 (gam) 2 Va m d u n g dich s a n p h S m = ^n^o + "^NO, + V a y 0,39 l i t N a O H I M + B a ( 0 H ) 2 0 , 5 M c6 so m o l cac i o n : n^^, : 0,39 m o l ; n^^^,. : 0,195 m o l ; n^^^^ : 0,78 m o l = 89,2 + 0,2 X 46 + 0,05 x 32 = 100 (gam) Vay C% = 12,6%. Co: n^^^,_ = 0,14 ( m o l ) < n^^^,, = 0,195 (mol) ai 18. Ta c6: HHCI = 0,5 X 1 = 0,5 (mol) ; N e n SO^" p h a n ufng h e t : ^ H , s o , = ^'^ ^ = 0,14 (mol) ^ n ^ , = 0,78 (mol) Ba^^ + SO^'- > BaS044 So m o l cac i o n t r o n g h 6 n h o p d u n g d i c h a x i t : (mol) 0,14 0,14 0,14 H " : 0,78 ( m o l ) ; C I " : 0,5 ( m o l ) ; SO^": 0,14 ( m o l ) . Sau cac p h a n ufng t a thu Aixac liicfng k e t tua: H o a t a n h e t h 6 n hcfp h a i k i m l o a i M g v a A l vao h o n hgfp d u n g d i c h axit, x a y r a cac p h a n ufng: = 58 X 0,12 + 78 X 0,18 + 233 x 0,14 = 53,62 (gam) Mg + 2H^ > Mg^^ + H a t (1) B a i 19. a ) K h o i lifcfng c h a t r S n A t h o a t r a b a m vao t h a n h Fe: (mol) x 2x X P h a n ufng: Al + 3H^ > Af^ + l,5H2t (2) Fe + Ag2S04 > FeS04 + 2Ag (1) (mol) y 3y l,5y (mol) 0,002 0,002 0,004 rr X PV 1 X 8,736 „ , T a c6: n„ = = = 0,39 ( m o l ) Fe + C U S O 4 > FeSOi + Cu (2) RT 0,082 X 273 Theo de: n^,^,^,^^ = 0,5 x 0,08 = 0,04 ( m o l ) ; X + l , 5 y = 0,39 T h e o de b a i , t a c6 he phifcfng t r i n h : 2 4 x + 2 7 y = 7,74 s i^Ag,so, = X 0,004 - 0,002 (mol) G i a i he phUcfng t r i n h t a diTOc: x = 0,12 (mol), y = 0,18 (mol) K h i Ag2S04 p h a n i l n g h e t t h i theo p h a n ufng (1): T a c6: => n^^, da p h a n ufng bang so' mol hidro da cho. Do v a y h a i axit riAg = 2 npe phan .mg = 2 X 0,002 = 0,004 ( m o l ) p h a n ufng het. D u n g dich A chufa: Mg^^: 0,12 mol; A l ^ ^ : 0,18 mol; =^ mtang = 108 X 0,004 - 56 x 0,002 = 0,32 (gam) Cn 0,5 mol; S O ^ - : 0 , 1 4 mol. Theo de b a i : m t a „ g = 100,48 - 100 = 0,48 gam > 0,32 g a m . Suy r a C U S O 4 c6 p h a n ufng. G o i x l a so m o l C U S O 4 c6 p h a n ufng: n ^ m u 6 - i s a u p h a n tog = ^Mg^* + " ^ A l - + " ^ C r + "^SO, Tvi (2) => ncu tao t h a n h = U p e phan ttog = X (mol) = 24x0,12 + 27x0,18 + 35,5x0,5 + 9 6 x 0 , 1 4 = 38,93 (gam) ^ mtang = 6 4 x - 56x = 0,48 - 0,32 = 0,16 (gam) => x = 0,02 (mol) b ) T r o n g 1 lit h % i h a p N a O H I M + B a ( 0 H ) 2 0 , 5 M gom: ^. Vay c h a t r S n b a m l e n Fe c6: nAg = 0,004 ( m o l ) , ncu = 0,02 (mol) ^ m A = 0,004 X 108 + 0,02 x 64 = 1,712 (gam), CAc p h a n ufng x a y r a de li/cfng ket t u a \6n n h a t : b ) T h e tich k h i mau nau do difcfc d 27°C, l a t m l a k h i : N O 2 Mg^^ + 2 OH" > Mg(0H)2^ Cu + 4 H N O 3 > Cu(N03)2 + 2 N O 2 + 2 H 2 O (3) (mol) 0,12 0,24 0,12 Ag + 2HNO3 > AgNOg + N O 2 + H 2 O (4) Al^^ + 3 OR- > Al(0H)3i Tir (3) v a (4) => n^^^^ = 2n^,^ + n^^, = 2 x 0,02 + 0,004 = 0,044 (mol) (mol) 0,18 0,54 0,18 0.044 X 22.4 X 3 0 0 Ba^^ + SO^- > BaS04i B6| Dt/dNG H6A HOC 12
c) Ta c6: nNaOH = 0,5 x 0,2 = 0,1 (mol) C^c phuang t r i n h phan ufng cua C vdi NaOH dif; Phan ufng: 2NO2 + 2NaOH — > NaNOs + NaNOs + H 2 O (5) 2NaOH + Fe(N03)2 -> Fe(OH)2 i + 2NaN03 (3) (mol) 0,044 0,044 0,022 0,022 X X (mol) — +z n 0,1 2 2 Lap t i le: 1. - ^'^^^ = 0,022 < ^ = 0,05 => Sau phan 2 2 Cu(N03)2 + 2NaOH Cu(0H)2 i + 2NaN03 (4) iJng (5) t h i N a O H con du. (mol) ( y - z) (y - z ) , TCr (5) => nNaOH pMntog= 0,044 (mol) 4Fe(OH)2 + O2 + 2 H 2 O > 4Fe(OH)3 i (5) nNaOH du = 0,1 - 0,044 = 0,056 (mol) Va ^NaNO = ^mm.., =0.022 (mol) 2Fe(OH)3 ^- > FeaOa + S H g O (6) Vay: r -0'05^-nii2M Cu(OH)2 > CuO + H 2 O (7) 0,5 Theo de bai, ta c6 he phifcfng t r i n h : 0,022 ^IVKNaNOj)" ^M(NaN03) = 0,044M 0,5 108x + 64z = 3,44 i i 20. a) Xac dinh a: (- + z)90 + 98(y - z) = 3,68 Fe + 2AgN03 - -> Fe(N03)2 + 2Agi (1) Fe + Cu(N03)2 -> Fe(N03)2 + C u i (2) |(| + z) X 160 + ( y - z ) X 80 = 3,2 +) Neu thieu Fe, phan ufng (1) xay ra hoan t o ^ n sau do Fe se tham gia Giai he phifcfng t r i n h ta c6: x = 0,02; y = 0,03; z = 0,02 phan ling (2). Gia suf Fe du hoac d\i =i> dung dich C chi chufa Fe(N03)2 0,02 k h i phan ufng v6i NaOH chi tao ra mot chat k e t tua Fe(OH)2 t r a i v6i npe = + 0,02 = 0,03 (mol) 2 gia thiet =i> loai triCdng hap nay. +) Neu dung dich c5n dtf ca AgN03 va Cu(N03)2 => ntrdrc loc C chi chufa ba mpe = a = 0,03 x 56 = 1,68 (gam) muoi =^ cho ba ket tua hidroxit. Trai v6i gia thiet loai trifcfng hap nay. b) Nong do cac muoi trong dung dich X: Goi X , y la so mol AgN03, Cu(N03)2 trong dung dich X: [AgN03] = 0,1M va [Cu(N03)2] = 0,15M. z la so mol Cu(N03)2 da phan ufng vdri Fe ^ai 21. Ta c6: n^^^^^ = 0,06 (mol) ^ nAg neu difgc giai phong toi da: 0,06 mol => (y - z) la so mol Cu(N03)2 dif. "cu(N03), = 0,05 (mol) => ncu neu difgrc giai phong t o i da: 0,05 mol Fe + 2AgN03 - Fe(N03)2 + 2Ag i (1) X C6c phan ufng c6 the xay ra k h i cho M g , Cu vko dung dich chufa h6n hcfp X (mol) — X 2 hai muoi AgNOg vk Cu(N03)2. 2 Fe + Cu(N03)2 -> Fe(N03)2 + Cui (2) M g + 2AgNOg > Mg(N03)2 + 2 A g i (mol) z z M g + Cu(N03)2 > Mg(N03)2 + Cui X Dung dich C chufa: — +z mol Fe(N03)2 va (y - z) mol Cu(N03)2 Cu + 2AgN03 > Cu(N03)2 + 2 A g i ' 2 B6\G H6A HOC 12 ""'""QNG HOA HOC 12
Phan urng or dung dich A: pai 22. a) Goi x, y la so' mol ciia A l va F^co trong 4,15 gam hSn hgp - Dung dich A tac dung vdri dung dich NaOH => ket tiia, sau do nung va thu diicfc hai oxit. Vay trong dung dich A chi c6 hai muo'i M g ( N 0 3 ) 2 , Ta c6: 27x + 56y = 4,15 (1) Cu(N03)2 con AgNOs het, dong t h d i dung dich c5n Cu(N03)2 t h i M g het, C^c phuwng t r i n h phan ufng: Cu(N03)2 trong dung dich phan ufng mot phan v i neu chiTa phan ufng t h i rieng so mol CuO cung > 3,6 gam 2AI + 3CUSO4 - 2Al2(S04)3 + 3Cu (2) NaOH 0,05 mol C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 -> 0,05 mol C u ( 0 H ) 2 (mol) 3 1 3 2 " 2 " > 0,05 mol C u O ^ m r: 4 (gam) 2 " - So' mol C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 < 0,05 (mol) thi C u trong h o n hofp coi nhii khong F e + CUSO4 -> F e S 0 4 + C u (3) p h a n ufng vdfi AgNOa vi neu p h a n ufng v6i AgNOs C u ( N 0 3 ) 2 thi cung (mol) yi yi yi yi bi M g tac dung de t r d l a i C u . C a c p h a n ufng d dung dich A: T r o n g ke't tiia A g6m h a i k i m loai chufng to sau p h a n iJng (1) v a (2) A l Mg + 2AgN03 - Mg(N03)2 2Agi da p h a n ufng he't, F e con diT v ^ dung dich CUSO4 da p h a n iJng het. (mol) 0,03 0,06 0,03 0,06 Goi y i l a so mol F e da p h a n ufng, so mol F e con dii l a (y - yj). Mg + Cu(N03)2 — Mg(N03)2 + Cui Ke't tua A gom : Cu: X +.y, (mol) v a F e du: (y - y i ) (mol) I (mol) X X ' X X ncu,N03,,du =0,05-x (mol) 3 Dung dich A tac dung v6i NaOH: mA = 64 + (y - yi)56 = 7,84 (gam) (4) Mg(N03)2 + 2NaOH -> Mg(0H)2i 2NaNOs So mol CUSO4 da t h a m gia p h a n iJng: (mol) (0,03 + x) (0,03 + x) > MgO + H2O n CuSO^ = 0,525 X 0,2 = 0,105 (mol) (5) Mg(0H)2 - 2 - + yi (mol) (0,03 + x) (0,03 + x) Giai he phiiang t r i n h (1), (4) va (5), ta c6: CU(N03)2 + 2NaOH Cu(0H)2i 2NaN03 (mol) (0,05 - X ) (0,05 - x ) X - 0,05 (mol); y = 0,05 (mol); y i = 0,03 (mol) Cac phiTofng t r i n h phan ufng hoa tan A trong HNO3: Cu(0H)2 - CuO + H2O (mol) (0,05 - x) (0,05 - x) F e + 4HNO3 > Fe(N03)3 + N O + 2H2O (6) =^ (0,03 + x) 40 + (0,05 - x)80 = 3,6 1,2 + 40x + 4 - 80x = 3,6 3Cu + 8HNO3 > 3Cu(N03)2 + 2 N 0 + 4H2O (7) o 1,2 + 4 - 3,6 = 40x => X = 0,04 Chat r d n B: n^^^ = 0,09 (mol) => n„j^Q^ = 4 X 0,02 + I X 0,105 = 0,36 (mol) 2Ag + 2H2SO4 Ag2S04 + SO2 + 2H2O V,H N O i 0,36 (mol) 0,06 0,03 = 0,18 (lit) = 180 (ml) Cu + 2H2SO4 - CUSO4 + SO2 + 2H2O ^) Dung dich B gom: (mol) 0,06 mwg = 0,07 x 24 = 1,68 (gam) n^^,. = 0,03 (mol); n^^^,_ = 0,105 (mol). R6\G H6A HOC 12