Tiiu ban: Moi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7<br />
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CHE TAO THIET BI DIEN HOA SAN X U A T D U N G D I C H NATRI<br />
HYPOCLORIT CO COIVG SUAT CLO H O A T TINH TREN 2 Kg/h<br />
Nguyen Hoai Chau, Nguyen Trong Boi<br />
Vien Cong nghe moi truang, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi<br />
chauhoainguyenfStvaboo.com<br />
Tom tat:<br />
Thiit bi dien hod sdn xudt dung dich natri hypoclorit (nuoc Gia ven) bdng<br />
cdch diinphdn ddng nude mudi trong budngphdn ung dien hod dgng dng, khdng<br />
cd mdng ngan giira cdc dien cue, cd cdng sudt clo hogt tinh tren 2 kg/h da duac<br />
chi tgo. Cdc bdn dien cue andt Id cdc tdm Ti duoc phii Idp hop chdt tro<br />
Ru02lr02Ti02 di chdng an mdn dien hod. Cdc thdng sd kinh ti ky thuat ca bdn<br />
ciia thiit bi ndy nhu sau: cdng sudt tinh theo clo hogt tinh la 2,2 kg/h, hdm luang<br />
clo hogt tinh trong dung dich 4,5-5 g/l, di tgo nen I kg clo hogt tinh cdn tiiu hao<br />
4 - 4,5 kg mudi vd 5- 5,5 kwh dien. Thiit bi ndy duac su dung trong cdc trgm cdp<br />
nude sinh hogt cdng sudt 25000-50000 m^/ngdy.<br />
Abstract:<br />
Electrochemical device for producing sodium hypochlorite by eledrolizing salt<br />
solution flow in the cylinder electrochemical reaction chamber without memberane<br />
beetwen electrodes, with capacity of active chlorine more than 2 kg/h was made. The<br />
anode electrodes are Ti pieces coated by inert layer Ru02Ir02Ti02 for protecting<br />
electrochemical corrosion. The main econotechnical parameters of this device are<br />
following: the capacity of active chlorine is 2,2 kg/h, active chlorine concentration of<br />
solution is 4,5-5 g/l, for producing 1 kg of active chlorine it consumes 4 - 4,5 kg<br />
white sah and 5-5,5 kwh electricity. This device is using in water supply stations<br />
with capacity 25000-50000 m^/day.<br />
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I.M6DAU<br />
Da si cac nha may cdp nuoc sinh boat tren thi giai sir dung khi clo hoac cac hgp chdt<br />
CO clo boat tinh de khir trung nuac truoc khi dua vao mang Ing dan ngoai nha may. Truoc day<br />
hon 50 nam nguai ta chuyen dung khi clo, ldy tir cac binh tich bdng thep duoi ap sudt cao,<br />
trgn voi nuoc theo mgt ty le nhdt dinh dl khir trung. Tir sau nhirng nam 1960 cho din nay bien<br />
phap sir dung cac thiit bi dien hoa san xudt nuoc Gia ven tir nuoc muli ngay trong nha may<br />
nuoc lam phuong tien khir triing nuoc cdp ngay cang dugc phi biin ap dung rgng rai thay cho<br />
cac binh tich clo duoi ap suat cao, chu ylu do nhu cdu bao dam an to^n cho nguai va moi<br />
trucmg xung quanh. Mgt uu dilm khac cua nuoc Gia ven dugc san xudt bdng phuang phap<br />
dien h6a la do dugc diing ngay va co nIng dp clo boat tinh thdp nen no khong bi giam chdt<br />
lugng nhieu do bao quan va chuyen cho nhu nuac Gia ven mua tir cac nha may boa chdt dugc<br />
tao ra bang each cho khi clo trgn voi xut. Viec sir dung thiit bi san xudt nuac Gia ven ngay<br />
trong cac nha may nuac de khir triing nuac cdp cho cac do thi la xu thi chung tren thi giai.<br />
Nam 2009, Vien Cong nghe moi truang thuoc Vien Khoa hoc va Cong nghe Viet Nam<br />
da nghien ciiu va che tao thanh cong thiit bi dien hoa GIAVINH 500 san xudt dung djch natri<br />
hypoclorit c6 cong suat clo boat tinh 500 g/gia vai cac chi so kinh tl - ky thuat dac trung co<br />
the so sanh dugc vai cac san pham tuong tu dugc san xudt a nhilu nuac [ 1 ].<br />
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120<br />
Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010<br />
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Thang 7 nam 2010, Vien Cong nghe moi truang da hoan thanh viec che tao thiet bi dien<br />
hoa GIAVINH 2000 san xuat dung dich natri hypoclorit co cong suat clo boat tinh tren 2 kg/gia.<br />
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2. MO TA THIET BI<br />
2.1 So do cong nghe<br />
Trong thiet bi san xuat natri hypoclorit co hai bp phan quan trpng nhat la buong phan ung<br />
dien boa - noi nuac muoi chuyen thanh natri hypoclorit va khoi nguon dien mot chieu kem<br />
voi bp phan dieu khien boat dong cua thiet bi. Ngoai ra, de bao dam thiet bi boat dong on dinh<br />
lien tuc tren 20 gio trong mot ngay can phai kiem soat va khong che cac yeu to anh buong den<br />
hieu qua boat dong ciia thiet bi nhu dp ciing cua nuoc dau vao, nhiet dp boat dong ciia buong<br />
phan ling, dp d6ng can sau mot thai gian boat dong, an toan chong chay no... Do do, mot so<br />
bp phan phu trg khac nhu bp Ipc nuoc, thiet bi lam mem nuoc, cac he thong rira buong dien<br />
hoa, khong che nhiet dp cua san pham, lam loang hydro trong thiing dung san pham ciing can<br />
dugc trang bi. Hinh 1 the hien so do khoi va mo binh thiet bi GIAVINH 2000 co cong suat clo<br />
boat tinh 2 kg/gia.<br />
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Hinh 1: So dd cdng nghi [2] (a) vd thid bi WA TERCHLO 2000 (b)<br />
2.2 Buong dien hoa<br />
Buong dien boa la bg phan quyet dinh hieu qua hoat dong cua thiet bi va chat lugng san<br />
pham natri hypoclorit. Hien nay buong dien boa dugc sir dung pho bien nhat co dang hinh<br />
ong, ben trong co sap xep cac tam dien cue thanh cac lop noi tiep nhau theo chieu dai 6ng[3].<br />
cdu tao buong dien boa the hien tren hinh 2.<br />
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Hinh 2: Cdu tgo budng dien hda<br />
thiit bi WATERCHLO 2000 (1-<br />
Catdt, 2- Bdn luang cue, 3- Andt)<br />
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Anit phii hgp nhat doi voi qua trinh dien phan tao clo la loai oxit hon hgp (anot<br />
composit), oxit titan va oxit ruteni (RuxTii.x04 ) tren nen kim loai titan (ORTA). Voi thanh<br />
phdn Ru02 chilm 30% trong bon hgp oxit thi vat lieu anot ORTA nay co boat tinh xuc tac<br />
dien boa cao va dp bin chong an mon cao. Ham lugng Ru02 trong khoang 20 -30% it anh<br />
buong toi thi anIt, den dong trao doi cua phan ling clo va do dan dien ciia he dien phan [2].<br />
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121<br />
Tieu ban: Moi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7<br />
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Nhung tdm dien cue nay co ten gpi la DSA (dimensionaly stable anodes). Hinh dang cac tam<br />
dien cue the hien tren hinh 3.<br />
ANODE AND CATODE J-2CC0 BIPOLE J-2000<br />
B-B<br />
a 4><br />
r ^--\ — ~1 ^m^mii:tm^0^:i:<br />
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Hinh 3: Cdu tgo cdc tdm dien cue budng dien hda thiit bi WATERCHLO 2000 (a. Tdm andt<br />
vd catdt; b. Tdm luang cue)<br />
2.3 Nguon mot chieu<br />
Ve CO ban hien nay co hai loai nguon mot chieu diing cho dien boa:<br />
- Ngudn mdt chiiu cd diin dugc lam theo nguyen tac la diing bien the ha dien ap xoay<br />
chieu ciia luoi dien xuong dien ap can chinh luu (co hoac khong co dieu khien) de tao<br />
ra miic chenh lech dien ap mgt chieu can thiet. Loai nguon nay co uu diem la dp tin<br />
cay cao va ben, nhung ciing co 2 nhugc diem Ion la nang ne, cong kenh va hieu suat<br />
sir dung dien khong cao (khong it hon 70 %).<br />
- Ngudn inverter (switching) kieu mai dugc lam theo nguyen ly bien doi xoay chieu<br />
thanh xung co tan so cao nho bg nghich luu (hay bg dao dgng xung) sau do moi chinh<br />
luu ra mgt chieu. O may co yeu cau dong dien Ion thi phai sir dung luoi dien 3 pha.<br />
Loai nguon nay co hai uu diem Ion la hieu suat sir dung dien cao (khong it hon 80 %)<br />
va ggn nhe. Hien nay hau bet cac nguon dien mot chieu Ion deu diing loai nay. Tuy<br />
nhien can nghien cuu them ve dp ben, dp tin cay cua loai nguon nay a trong moi<br />
truang khong khi co nong dp hoi nuoc va boa chat cao.<br />
- Ngudn DC cho thiet bi san xuat natri hypoclorit cong suat lan<br />
Nhu da trinh bay a tren, do cac may san xuat nuoc natri hypoclorit co cong sudt clo boat tinh<br />
tir 1000 g/gio tro len yeu cau cong suat dien mot chieu DC Ion hon 5 kw nen nguIn DC inverter<br />
sir dung luoi dien 3 pha da dugc lira chgn de diing cho thiit bi GIAVINH 2000 (hinh 4).<br />
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seovkc<br />
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CHhHl.LAJ\/AHG»CHLtnj<br />
RIQw/r<br />
LI JUl<br />
F4<br />
Hinh 4: Ngudn DC thiit bi Waterchlo 2000 (a.So dd khdi; b.Ngudn DC)<br />
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Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm I len Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010<br />
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Dien 3 pha dau vao dugc chinh luu thanh dien mot chieu, nho khoi nghich luu tao ra cac<br />
xung xoay chieu. dien ap xoay chieu nay dugc chinh luu mot lan nira thanh dien mot chieu de<br />
tao thanh nguon dien phan cong suat Ion. Viec dieu chinh dong ra dugc thuc bien nhu sau:<br />
thong tin ve dong dien loi ra dugc dua ve khoi dieu khien va so sanh vai mirc dong dien ma ta<br />
dat. Neu co su chenh lech, khoi dieu khien se tac dong den dp rong xung ciia khoi nghich luu<br />
(bay ciia khoi tao xung), nho do dieu chinh dugc dong dien ra theo tri so mong muon. Vi bien<br />
dp xung ciia khoi nghich luu khong bi thay doi nen dien ap ra ciia nguon khong doi, chi thay<br />
doi dp rong xung ma thoi. So do nguyen ly ciia khoi dieu khien xem tren hinh 4. Tren khoi<br />
dieu khien do c6 thiet ke 3 loai bao ve: qua dong, qua nhiet, va qua ap. Ngoai ra co them mot<br />
num dieu chinh dien ap DC cho ddu ra.<br />
Ngoai nguon DC diing cho dien phan, de thiet bi boat dong dong bp, tien Igi, an toan can<br />
dieu khien cac bp phan, chi tilt khac. So dl mach dien dieu khien thiet bi GIAVENH 2000 da<br />
dugc che tao dugc the hien tren hinh 5. Voi thiet ke nay may boat dong trong 2 che dp: lam<br />
viec va bdo tri. O che dp Idm viec, may dugc khoi dong bang cong tac roi chuyen sang san<br />
xuat. Khi thiet bi a che dp nay cac thong tin nhu dong dien qua tai, can nuoc nguyen lieu, day<br />
san pham trong thiing chiia, qua nhiet buong dien b6a vv... deu dugc bao den nguoi van hanh<br />
de xir ly hoac thiet bi se tu dong ngimg van hanh. (/) che dp bdo tri, axit loang dugc bom vao<br />
buong dien boa de rira can bam tren cac ban cue catot theo thai gian quy dinh boi ro le thai<br />
gian. Ngoai ta thiet bi tir dong ngimg lam viec va bao loi neu mat 1 trong 3 pha dien luoi.<br />
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GHI CHU<br />
RG ROLETRUNG GIAN<br />
FC PHAO CAN THUNG NUOC MEM<br />
FD PHAO DAY THUNG SAN PHAM<br />
-\ "" \- RN ROLE NHIET<br />
K KHOI DONG TU<br />
CMI CM2 CONG TAC CHUYEN MACH<br />
QK QUAT KHI<br />
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I] IIAO TRJ Hinh 5: Sa dd mgch dien<br />
—e— thiit bi GIAVINH2000<br />
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D l.AM vii:c<br />
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—e—<br />
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D NCLiON<br />
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—e—<br />
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1) sn CO<br />
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Tieu ban: Moi tru&ng vd Ndng lugng ISBN: 978-604-913-013-7<br />
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3. KET QUA NGHIEN ClTU ANH HUTdNG CUA CAC YEU TO DEN NANG SUAT<br />
CLO HOAT TINH<br />
3.1 Anh htfong cua dong dien den nang suat clo hoat tinh<br />
Thiit bi GIAVINH 2000 dugc van hanh voi dong dien tir 281,0 A din 317,7 A, luu lugng<br />
va nIng dp muli khong dli. Chdt lugng san phdm ddu ra dugc phan tich bdng phuong phap<br />
chudn do thiosunfat - iot tai Vien Cong nghe moi trucmg. Cac chi si ky thuat co ban thu nhan<br />
dugc tir thir nghiem the hien trong bang 1.<br />
Bdng 1: Anh hudng cua ddng diin din ndng sudt clo hogt tinh tren thiit bi GIA VINH 2000<br />
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Luu Ndng dp Diin Ddng 7^C mdi fc Ndng Ndng Tiiu hao Tieu hao<br />
luang mudi dp DC diin DC truong SP dd Clo sudt Clo mudi (g diin DC<br />
(l/h) (g/l) (V) (A) fC) fC) '(g/l) (g/h) NaCl/g Clo) (W/g Clo)<br />
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520,4 21,3 31,3 281,0 33 41,0 4,118 2143,00 5,17 4,10<br />
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520,4 21,0 31,6 290,5 33 41,5 4,295 2235,11 4,89 4,11<br />
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520,4 21,0 31,8 302,1 33 42,0 4,437 2309,01 4,73 4,16<br />
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520,4 21,4 32,1 317,7 33 43,0 4,508 2345,96 4,75 4,35<br />
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3.2 Anh hvong cua nong do muoi<br />
Thiet bi GIAVINH 2000 dugc van hanh voi nong do muoi thay doi tir 16,4 g/1 din 24,9<br />
g/1, dong dien va luu lugng khong doi. Cac chi so ky thuat co ban thu nhan dugc tir thir<br />
nghiem the hien trong bang 2.<br />
Bdng 2: Anh hudng cita ndng dp mudi din ndng sudt clo hogt tinh tren thiit bi GLA VTNH 2000<br />
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Tieu hao<br />
Luu Ndng Dien Ddng T^C mdi J^C Ndng Ndng Tiiu hao<br />
mudi (g<br />
lucmg dd mudi dp DC diin DC truang SP dd Clo sudt Clo diin DC<br />
NaCl/g<br />
(l/h) (g/l) (V) (A) (g/l) (g/h) (W/g Clo)<br />
Clo)<br />
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520,4 16,4 33,3 300,1 33 43,5 4,118 2143,33 3,98 4,66<br />
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520,4 18,3 32,6 301,3 34 42,5 4,366 2272,41 4,19 4,32<br />
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520,4 24,9 30,9 300,6 33 42,0 4,544 2365,06 5,48 3,93<br />
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3. Anh hu'ong cua luu Ivong<br />
Thiit bi GIAVINH 2000 chay thir nghiem voi luu lugng thay dli tir 396,3 l/h din 644,7<br />
l/h, dong dien va nIng dp muli khong dli. Cac chi si ky thuat ca ban thu nhan dugc tir thir<br />
nghiem the hien trong bang 3.<br />
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Hgi nghi Khoa hgc ky niem 35 ndm Vien Khoa hgc vd Cong nghe Viet Nam - Hd Noi 10/2010<br />
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Bdng 3: Anh hudng ciia lieu lucmg din ndng sudt clo hogt tinh tren thiit bi GIA VINH 2000<br />
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Lieu Ndng dp Diin Ddng 7^C mdi fc Ndng dd<br />
Ndng Tieu hao Tiiu hao<br />
luang mudi dp DC lien DC truang SP sudt Clo mudi (g diin DC<br />
Clo (g/l)<br />
(l/h) (g/l) (V) (A) fC) fC) (g/h) NaCl/g Clo) (UVg Clo)<br />
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396,3 20,3 32,0 302,0 31 45,0 5,254 2082,16 3,86 4,64<br />
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464,6 20,5 31,9 301,8 31 42,5 4,575 2210,10 4,48 4,35<br />
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469,5 20,8 31,7 301,0 34 43,5 4,721 2217,02 4,40 4,30<br />
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490,9 20,8 31,7 301,8 34 43,0 4,508 2213,02 4,61 4,32<br />
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496,5 20,2 31,9 300,6 34 43,0 4,437 2203,19 4,55 4,35<br />
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508,2 20,3 31,9 300,1 34 43,0 4,402 2237,22 4,61 4,28<br />
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644,7 20,5 32,1 301,8 31 38,0 3,834 2471,77 5,34 3,92<br />
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Doi chieu ket qua thir nghiem qua cac chi so tren cac bang 1, 2 va 3 co the thay de dat<br />
nang suat clo boat tinh tren 2 kg/gia thi dong dien can Ion hon 281 A, nong do muoi khong<br />
nho hanl6,4 g/1, luu lugng dung dich Ion hon 396,3 l/h. Nhin chung, khi dong dien, nong dp<br />
muoi va luu lugng tang thi nang suat clo tang. Che do van hanh toi uu ve mat kinh te - ky<br />
thuat cua thiet bi GIAVINH 2000 dugc xac dinh la: dong dien 290 - 300A, luu lugng san<br />
pham 450 - 500 l/h, nong dp muoi trong san pham 18-22 g/1.<br />
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4. KET LUAN<br />
Voi cac ket qua nghien ciiu trinh bay o tren, Vien Cong nghe moi truang da che tao thanh<br />
cong thiet bi dien boa GIAVFNH 2000 san xuat dung dich natri hypoclorit co cong suat clo<br />
boat tinh tren 2000 g/gio. Thiet bi nay se dugc nghien ciiu hoan thien ca ve thiet ke tong the<br />
lan cau tao cua timg bp phan, chi tiet cau thanh trong qua trinh van hanh a cac nha may nuoc.<br />
Lai cdm on: Bdi bdo ndy duac hodn thdnh vdi su giiip do kinh phi tie du dn sdn xudt thuc<br />
nghiem ddc lap cdp nhd nude "Hodn thien cdng nghi vd chi tgo thiit bi sdn xudt hypoclorit<br />
natri cdng sudt dudi 5kg clo hogt tinh/gid". Md sd: DADL - 2009/07.<br />
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TAI LIEU THAM KHAO<br />
1. Nguyen Hoai Chau, Nguyen Trpng Boi, Nguyen Dinh Cuong, ''Nghien ciru chi tgo<br />
thiit bi diin hod sdn xudt dung dich khir triing natri hypoclorit sic dung trong cdc trgm<br />
cdp nude', Tap chi Khoa hoc va Cong nghe, NXB Vien KHCNVN, si 48 (3), 2010.<br />
2. Trinh Xuan Sen, ''Diin hda hpc", tr. 268-271, NXB Dai hpc quIc gia. Ha Noi - 2004.<br />
3. Website: www.Clortec.com; www.Titanindia.com; www.ecanode.com;<br />
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