Giải pháp nâng cao năng lực cạnh tranh cho các doanh nghiệp vừa và nhỏ

NGHIEN c d u - T R A O D O I<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> GlA! PHAP NANG CAO NANG LllC CANH IRANI<br /> cAo cdo c/lxi^ noAl^ i/uti i/a n/tSp<br /> • ThS. PHAM DUY HlTNG 49% vl^c Idm phi ndng nghipp d XK cda Vlpt Nam, ndu trd<br /> ndng thdn. khodng 26 - 27% I^c nggch XK ddu thd ra thi<br /> Idpng tao dpng cda cd nddc. ngEich XK do cdc DNWN 1<br /> Rieng khu vdc DN do tdng them hl$n chidm khodng trdn I<br /> rong nhdng ndm qua.<br /> <br /> T<br /> cdc DNWN, m6l ndm thu hut tdng klm nggch XK cda cd n<br /> DNWN dd cd si; phdt khodng 45 vgn lao dpng vdi mdc TVong dd cd mpt sd m$t hdnj<br /> trldn mgnh md cd vd thu nh^p binh qudn trdn 1,5 cdc DNWN chidm ^ trpng ti<br /> sd Idpng Idn chdt Idpng. Glal trldu ddng/ngddi/thdng. Glal ddi cao nhd may mdc DNWN<br /> doan 2000 - 2006 dd cd gdn dogn 2006 - 2010. cdc DN vda chidm khodng trdn 60%; thu<br /> 200.000 DN ddng ky thdnh l$p, vd nhd t^o thdm khodng 2,7 cdng my' nghp chldm gdn 90%;<br /> giai doan 2006 2010, cd trlpu chd 1dm mdi. Ngodi ra khu hdi sdn chidm khodng 70%, b^t<br /> khodng 339 ngdn DN ddpc thdnh v\fc hp kinh doanh cd thd, tidu didu chldm trdn 80%...<br /> Idp mdi vdi tdc dp tdng khodng chu mdi ndm tdng thdm td 12 -<br /> ' Ddng gdp vdo ngdn sdch<br /> gdn 20%/ndm, dda tdng sd DN 15 van cd sd, thu hut thdm gdn<br /> Nhd nddc. Khu vi^c DNWN ngay<br /> ngodi qudc doanh trdn cd nddc 40 vgn lao dpng vdi mdc thu<br /> cdng chidm t^ trpng cao trong<br /> ddn nay IPn khodng gdn 600.000 nhdp binh qudn td 600.000<br /> thu ngdn sdch cda cd nddc, nam<br /> DN. cpng them khodng gdn 3 800. OOOddng/thdng. Dldu ddng<br /> trieu hp kinh doanh cd thd, 2003 sd thu td DN ddn doanh<br /> ndl la khu v^fc DN td nhdn (chd<br /> khodng gan 19 ngdn hpp tdc xd ydu Id DNWN, chidm tdi 96%) cd chidm khodng 15% tdng sd thu<br /> va 340 ngdn td hpp tac= Ndu nhd ty sudt ddu td trung binh cho 1 thi ndm 2010 dd Idn ddn tren<br /> ndm 2001 trung binh cd 964 cho 1dm la 80 - 100 trt$u ddng. 30,1% tdng sd thu ngdn sdch ci^<br /> ngddi ddn cd 1 DN ddng ky kinh trong khi dd DNNN la khodng cd nddc. Ndu tinh chung cho<br /> doanh thi den ndm 2005 cd 500 210 - 280 trlpu ddng/Iao dpng. todn bp DNWN thi khu vdc DN<br /> ngddi dan ed 1 DN ddng ky kinh ndy ddng gdp khodng 50 % GDP,<br /> - Gdp phdn tdng kim nggch Tieng GDP ngdnh cdng nghipp la<br /> doanh, ndm 2007 ddc khodng<br /> XK. dly m^nh hpi nh$p kinh te 31%. D^c bipt, khu vi/c DNWN<br /> 460 ngddi cd 1 DN ddng ky kinh<br /> qudc te. Trong nhdng ndm qua, sd thu ngdn sdch cd tdc dp tdng<br /> doanh, ndm 2009 cd khodng gdn<br /> DNWN dd trd thdnh dpi qudn<br /> 300 ngddi cd 1 DN ddng ky kinh tddng ddi cao, binh qudn hang<br /> chd Idc trong chldn Idpc d^y<br /> doanh. Khu vi/c DNWN dd ddng ndm d^t tren 20%...<br /> m?inh XK cda Vl^t Nam, thd hipn<br /> val trd hdt sdc quan trpng trong Phdi ndl rdng, s\t ddng gop<br /> cdc DNWN dd chidm t^ trpng<br /> vide huy dpng cdc ngudn li/c cda cdc DNWN ddi vdi sd nghifep<br /> chinh trong mpt sd m$t hang XK<br /> trong xd hpi cho ddu td phdt phdt trldn kinh td xd hdi cua dit<br /> chd l\tc cda Vipt Nam nhd thd<br /> trien, gidl qitydt cdc vdn dd xd nddc Id rdt Idn. song khu vdc DN<br /> cdng my ngh^. chd bidn ndng<br /> hdi nhd xda ddi, gidm ngheo, tao ndy dang bpc ip nhidu han che<br /> sdn. hdi sdn... l i n h ddn nay, sd<br /> vipc lam. ddng vai trd quan trpng<br /> Idpng DNWN tham gia kinh trong vipc ndng cao ndng lite<br /> trong sd nghipp CNH. HDH ddt<br /> doanh XK chidm khodng 85%, canh tranh trong dieu kien hSi<br /> nddc \ d Id Idc Idpng ndng cdt<br /> NK chidm khodng gdn 90% tdng nhdp kinh td qudc td ngay cang<br /> trong hdi nh§p kinh td qudc td<br /> sd DN tham gia khih doanh XNK sdu rpng cda Vipt Nam thd hien<br /> cda Vipt Nam cy thd;<br /> tren cd nddc. Ndu nhd tdng kim d cac m$t sau:<br /> - ve tao vipc lam vd ndng cao ngach XK ndm 2002 cda cdc - Thidu cdc DN cd trinh dfi<br /> mdc sdng cho ngddi lao dpng. DNWN d^t 4,1 ti USD, chidm t^ cdng nghp va khoa hpc ky thuat<br /> Theo tinh todn cda Tdng eye trpng 24,6% tM ddn nay chidm cao. Nhin chung cac DNWN cua<br /> Thdng ke. DNWN tgio ra khodng tren 30% trong tdng kim nggch Vipt Nam c6 ddy chuydn sdn<br /> 121 s e 13/2012<br />  I NGHItNCBU-TRftOBOi<br /> <br /> de ndng cao vl the cda DN. de<br /> thu hut ddi tdc, de huy ddng vdn<br /> td ngdn hang cho thudn Ipi, ndng<br /> cao vi the khi dam phdn vdi cac<br /> ddi tdc... Nang Idc vd vdn yeu<br /> dan den mdc trang bl tai sdn cd<br /> djnh rdt thdp, binh qudn chi d^t<br /> 137 tripu ddng/l lao dpng S<br /> DNNN. ddi vdi DNNQD Id 43<br /> trlpu ddng, trong khi dd DN cd<br /> vdn dau td nddc ngodi la 247<br /> trlpu ddng. Vdi mdc vdn thdp<br /> nhd vay nen cdc DN khd cd khd<br /> ndng cdl thlpn tinh trang cdng<br /> nghe l^c hdu hipn tgi. Hdn thd<br /> nda, cdng nghe lac hdu keo hidu<br /> qud sd dyng vdn thdp, khd ndng<br /> xual drill gian. han ciic vc nang Nang life nghien cifu va<br /> canh tranh thdp. Vi nhd theo<br /> Idc cdng nghe, chd yeu dp dyng trien khai (R&D) ydu kem. Ddy<br /> tinh todn cda cdc chuyen gia<br /> cdc phddng thdc kinh doanh Id ndng Idc thd hipn khd ndng kinh td cda UNDP dd sdn xudt ra<br /> truydn thdng, dja phifdng va sd trldn khal cdc sdn ph^m mdi, 1 USD tdng them trong GDP,<br /> dyng cac cdng nghd lac hau, cdc qud trinh mdi. ve nghien cOfu vd Thdi Lan chi can ddu td thdm 1<br /> chd DN thitdng khdng nhdn tridn khai ddpc td chdc ra sao ddng thi Viet Nam phdi cdn ddn<br /> thdc ddy du vai trd ddi mdi cdng (theo dinh hddng thi trddng hay 3 ddng. Vdn it bupc cac DN chda<br /> nghd. Xet ve cdng nghe vd may dinh hddng cdng nghe), ngan the xay ddng cho minh mpt<br /> mdc thiet bi trong san xua't quy ddnh cho R&D va vi the ndi chien Iddc kinh doanh hddng tdi<br /> ngdnh cdng nghiep Viet Nam chung cda bp phan R&D cda DN cdc ngdnh cd ham Iddng cdng.<br /> cho thay, mdc dp ddi mdi mdy trong nganh kinh doanh. Phdi nghd cao, ed y nghia Idn ddi vdi<br /> mdc, cdng nghe, dng dung khoa ndl rdng, ndng Ittc nay cda cac ndng cao gia tri gia tdng cho<br /> hpc ky thuat vao san xuat, mdc DNWN Vipt Nam rat yeu do cd chinh DN vd cho dat nddc. Ngoai<br /> dp chuyen giao cdng nghe cua<br /> nhidu nguydn nhdn chu quan Idn ra cdc DN Vipt Nam ndl chung vd<br /> cdc DN Viet Nam thap hdn rat<br /> khach quan nhd cdc DN chda cdc DNWN ndi ridng cdn gdp<br /> nhidu so vdi cdc qudc gia khdc.<br /> quen vdi canh tranh todn cdu, phdi khd khdn rat Idn trong viec<br /> Didu ddng ndl nda la theo Bdo<br /> khd ndng tdi chinh ban chd, vay tin d\ing dd md rpng sdn<br /> cdo cda Trung tdm khao sat vd<br /> chat Idpng ngudn nhdn Idc chda xu^t kinh doanh. Hipn chu ydu<br /> nghidn cdu vd phdt trien qudc<br /> cao, ddc bipt khdng it DN cdn cd cdc DN phdi sd dyng vdn vay<br /> te (CERDI) so sdnh canh tranh<br /> nhdn thdc chda day dd vd val trd thitdng m^i, do vdy thddng phdi<br /> gifla cdc nen kinh te Viet Nam<br /> cda R&D nen chda tdp trung dau chiu sdc ep rdt Idn ve tai chinh.<br /> va Trung Qudc da de cap ddn<br /> td cho linh vdc ndy. Didu ddng ndl nila Id so vdi m^t<br /> mdt nguy cd ddng Idu y la cdng<br /> bang ldi sudt cho vay cda cac<br /> nghe, thidt bj ky thuat NK cda - Ndng Idc tdi chinh han che.<br /> nddc thi DN Vidt Nam phdi chlu<br /> Viet Nam phyc vu cho sdn xudt. Thi^c te cho thdy, hdu hdt vdn<br /> lai suat cao hdn rdt nhldu (ldi<br /> kd cd ngdnh cdng nghe cao cda cdc DNWN cua Viet Nam rat<br /> sudt hipn t^i dao dpng td 1,75 -<br /> phdn idn deu td ehdu A (chd thap, theo tinh todn, DNWN cua<br /> 1,85%/thang, trrong khi dd mdc<br /> ydu td Ddng Nam A) ma khdng khu v\fc kinh td td nhan vdn<br /> lai sudt cda cde nddc thdp hdn<br /> phdi Id thidt bl cdng nghe binh qudn chi dg,t khodng 1,5 ^<br /> rat nhieu, ddc biet Id cdc qudc<br /> nguon. Trong khi dd, phan Idn dong/DN, khdng it DN cd thd<br /> gia la ddi thd cgLnh tranh XK trde<br /> cdc thldt bi cdng nghd cao phuc ddpc gpi Id sidu nhd, tuy nhien<br /> tidp vdi Viet Nam nhd Trung<br /> vy sdn xuat ddu dddc Trung day mdi chi Id sd vdn ddng 1^,<br /> Qudc, Thdi Lan, An Dp... Day la<br /> Qudc NK td ehdu Au, Nhdt Bdn con sd thdc te cdn thap hdn rat<br /> nhdng ly do gidi thich tai ^^<br /> va My, ndl cd nhdng thiet bi nhidu, bdl cdc DN thddng ddng<br /> sao gid cd cda cdc hdng<br /> cdng nghe ngudn. 1^ vdn cao hdn so vdi vdn thdc te<br /> IISfil3/2012 I 13<br />  NGHllNCliU-TRAODOi<br /> <br /> C:^ IKKI XK n i a V i r l N.iiii<br /> Ihirtfii^i rao hn ral n h i r i i so vU<br /> cac (loi lliii caiih h a n h ilav l,i 111<br /> loan call rua rac DN V i r l N;nu<br /> noi chinii; v,i v.w D N W N noi<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> i<br /> riiMig.<br /> - Mifc do lien k r i , h.I|. I.ir<br /> li-on.i; hni iih.ip i ii.i i .11 DN clui'.i<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> t d d n g tidu n d n g , c h y p gldt. T i n h<br /> n , L ; h ) r | ) . n h , h l.i q i h i i i Iv l,ii r l j i i i h d a giiii thich tai sao ddi ngil<br /> t r ^ n g t h i d u c d c DN p h y t r p c h o<br /> tiiiii!; DN liiififii;; Ihirn iiiiiih d o a n h n h a n Viet Nam chij yen<br /> c a c n g d n h XK c h i n h n h d m a y<br /> liarh, Ihlrii do hii