Giáo trình Nghiệp vụ nhà hàng: Phần 2

TS Ha Nam Khanh Giao - Nguyen Van Binh<br /> <br /> Chircng 6<br /> Bua an va thiet ke thyc dcrn theo bua an<br /> GIOI T H I E U<br /> Tiiy theo tirng vung, mien va dan toe ma c6 nhieu bua an khac<br /> nhau trong ngay. mot bira an c6 the gom mot hay nhieu mon. Trong<br /> nha hang, mot biia an nhieu mon dugc the hien qua thirc don, lam<br /> the nao de dien ta dugc sir doc dao va thu hut sir chu y cua khach<br /> hang, lam hg hai long va dat mon an do la muc tieu quan trgng cua<br /> thuc dan.<br /> Truac het, thirc don phai dira vao nhu cau cua khach hang, sau<br /> do no dugc thiet ke de dat dugc muc tieu kinh doanh cua nha hang,<br /> CO the noi rang, thirc don dugc xem nhu la cong cu ban dau tien cua<br /> nha hang.<br /> MUC T I E U<br /> Sau khi nghien cuu xong chuong nay, ban c6 the:<br /> - Liet ke va mo ta dugc bay biia an khac nhau trong ngay.<br /> - Giai thich dugc nguon goc cua thuc don.<br /> - Xay dung dugc mot thuc don truyen thong kieu Phap.<br /> - Phat bieu dugc cac mon an va mon an kem theo.<br /> NOI DUNG<br /> - Bua an.<br /> - Thiet ke thuc don theo bOa an.<br /> (Lmi y rang cac hinh dnh minh hoa su dung trong moi phdn cua<br /> chuong nay duoc thu thap tic nguon internet ma va chi mang tinh<br /> tham khdo).<br /> 6.1.<br /> <br /> G i o i thieu bu-a an<br /> <br /> Ban can phai hieu ro cac loai va dac diem ciia nhung bua an,<br /> nhat la trong kinh doanh an uong, cung cap bua an dung doi tugng<br /> khach hang, dung thai diem "nhu cau ca the can an" nhu the nao la<br /> rat quan trgng.<br /> 6.1.1. Mot so khai niem co" ban ve bua an:<br /> 155<br /> <br /> GIAO TRJNH NGHFEP V U N H A HANG<br /> <br /> - Meal (Bua an thong thuang): La mot truong hop an, xay ra<br /> tai mot thai diem xac djnh vai mon an va thuc uong cu thk<br /> dugc chuan bi triroc.<br /> - Snack (Bira an nhe hay bua an qua loa): Snack thuong c6<br /> quy mo nho, gia tri dinh duong cao. N 6 i chung, bua an voi<br /> lucmg thuc an nho tai mot thoi diem khong hoach dinh truoc<br /> thi goi la snack.<br /> Ban can phan biet giOa Meal voi Snack, meal c6 quy mo Ion<br /> hon, lugng do an. thuc uong nhieu hon snack.<br /> - Picnic: La biia an ngoai troi ma moi nguoi c6 the mang theo<br /> do an, thuc uong nhu sandwich va cac thuc an da chuan bi<br /> san, thuang thi cac cuoc di choi ngoai troi dugc to chuc tai<br /> cac vung thien nhien, cac khu vui choi giai tri nhu cong<br /> vien. rimg, bai bien hay cac bai c6.<br /> - Banquet (Tiec): La bua an Ian, thuong la trang trong va<br /> dugc chuan bi ky luong de phuc vu cho nhieu khach vai<br /> nhieu mon an.<br /> Cac bua an c6 the to chuc tai nha, nha hang, quan an tu phuc vu<br /> hay a bat cu noi dau, cac biia an thuang to chuc hang ngay, tieu<br /> bieu la nhieu Ian trong mot ngay. cac bua an dac biet thuang dugc to<br /> chuc trong cac buoi giao luu van hoa trong cac dip nhu sinh nhat,<br /> cuai hoi, le ky niem va ngay nghi.<br /> 6.1.2. Phan loai bu-a an:<br /> Co nhieu each phan loai bOa an, pham v i chuong nay chi phan<br /> loai biia an theo gia an.<br /> Theo cac nuoc phuang Tay, c6 hai loai bua an phan chia theo gia<br /> an:<br /> x%\; ly.<br /> - Bua an thong thuofng.<br /> - Cac bua an kliac.<br /> Bfra an thong thirtrng: Gom an sang, an trua, an toi va an<br /> khuya.<br /> •<br /> <br /> Breakfast (An sang): Thuang an vao khoang mot hoac hai<br /> giof sau klii thuc day vao buoi sang. Tir tieng A nh breakfast<br /> xuat phat tir hai t u break va fast, nghia la pha v o su nhjn an,<br /> breakfast la biia an dau tien cua ngay, bOa an sang cua moi<br /> nuoc, moi dan tgc, moi khu vuc kliac nhau, pham v i bai hoc<br /> <br /> 156<br /> <br /> TS Ha Nam Khanh Giao - Nguyin Van B'lnh<br /> <br /> nay de cap den ba kieu an sang: Continental, English va<br /> American breakfast.<br /> o Continental Breakfast (An sang theo kieu luc dia): Dira<br /> vao truyen thong an sang thuoc viing Dia Trung Hai, don<br /> gian, Continental breakfast bao gom banh mi, cafe va<br /> nuoc trai cay. Mot bua an sang theo kieu luc dia tieu bieu<br /> bao gom cafe va sua (thuong la Cappuccino hay cafe<br /> latte'^), hoac chocolate nong voi nhieu loai banh ngot nhu<br /> croissant (banh sung bo) hoac banh mi tron (brioche) an<br /> voi muc, kem hay chocolate, va thuong phuc vu voi nuac<br /> trai cay. Ngoai ra. Continental breakfast ciing bao gom ca<br /> thit nguoi cat lat, xuc xich Y hay thit giam bong va yogurt<br /> hay ngii coc. O mot so nuac chau Au. nhu Ha Lan va mot<br /> so vung thuoc Scandinavi con c6 them trai cay, cheese<br /> vao thuc don banh mi, thinh thoang con them trung luoc<br /> va xuc xich Y.<br /> o English Breakfast hay Full English Breakfast (An sang<br /> theo kieu Anh): Thanh phan chinh thuong la thit xong<br /> khoi, trung hoac khoai tay chien, nam, banh mi/banh mi<br /> nuong va xuc xich, thuong phuc vu vai tra, mot so khu<br /> vuc con CO them doi (black pudding), soup khoai tay va<br /> mot so loai banh khac.<br /> o American Breakfast (An sang kieu My): Bat nguon tu<br /> English breakfast va c6 net dac trung la bira an sang voi<br /> cac mon ngot va cac mon c6 huomg vi nhe, hau het la cac<br /> mon nong, bao gom banh mi nuong cua Phap, pancake<br /> (banh kep). trung danh, chien. omelets, trung luoc, thit<br /> xong khoi, xiic xich, khoai tay chien, banh quy, nuac trai<br /> cay...<br /> • Lunch hay Lucheon (An trua): Bua an vao khoang giua<br /> trua, tu 11.00am tai 2.00pm.<br /> • Dinner (An toi): La bua an chinh trong ngay, luc truac<br /> dinner thuong xay ra vao buoi chieu, cang ve sau, d cac nuoc<br /> phat trien nhu My, do sir thay doi tinh chat cong viec, thai<br /> gian an cang tre. O My, dinner thuong vao khoang 7.00pm<br /> d^n 8.00pm. Mot bua an toi thuong c6 sir ket hop giira nhieu<br /> Xem chLPang 9.<br /> <br /> 157<br /> <br /> GIAO TRINH NGHIEP V U N H A HANG<br /> <br /> mon dugc nau san, hoac chira nau, cac chat dam (thit, cac<br /> hoac cac loai dau) vai rau cii, va/hoac cac san ph4m tir tinh<br /> hot nhu gao, mi hoac khoai tay.<br /> • Supper (An khuya): La bGa an vao buoi toi, trong tieng Anh,<br /> Supper nghia la bua an cuoi ngay.<br /> Bfra an khac: Gom biia an sang sam, biia an 11 gio sang, an<br /> giira trua, an giiia chieu, bua an giGa bua chiSu va bOa toi.<br /> • Early Morning Tea (An sang sam): Danh cho khach den va<br /> di sam trong khach san, thong thuang cac khach san phue vu<br /> cac loai thue an nhanh tren mot xe day, thoi gian phuc vu<br /> thuang tu 4.00am den 6.00am hay tuy vao quy djnh cua<br /> khach san.<br /> • Elevenses (Bica an 11 gia sang): Bao gom thuc uong (thuong<br /> la tra) va cac mon an nhe (banh ngot, biscuits), khong nhieu<br /> mon man nhu brunch. Elevenses thuang bat dau sau bua an<br /> sang va truac bOa trua. Ve ca ban, elevenses gan giong nhu<br /> bua an giua chieu (afternoon tea).<br /> • Brunch hay Bruncheon (Bita an giua trua): La su ket hop<br /> giua an sang va an trua, brunch c6 quy mo Ion hon an sang,<br /> bua an 11 gia va thuang thay the bua an sang va bua an trua.<br /> Nguai ta thuang diing brunch va cac ngay chii nhat, ngay le<br /> hoac sau mot su kien xay ra vao buoi sang, hoac truac mot su<br /> kien xay ra vao buoi chieu.<br /> • Afternoon Tea (Bim an giua chieu/Bita tra chieu): Thuang<br /> tu 3.00pm den 5.00pm, gom cac mon an nhe nhu: Sandwich,<br /> banh ngot, banh nuong vai tra...<br /> • High Tea hay Meat Tea (Bua an giua bua chieu va bua<br /> toi): La bira an cua nguai Anh truac buoi toi, tu 5.00pm den<br /> 6.00pm. High tea thuang thay the bua chieu va bua toi, bao<br /> gom thit nguoi, trung, ca, banh ngot va sandwich. High tea<br /> trong gia dinh thi dan gian hon, bao gom: Sandwich, banh<br /> quy, banh ngot, trai cay...<br /> 6.1.3. Phong tuc tap quan, truyen thong va nghi thirc am<br /> thuc:<br /> Phong tuc tap quan, truyen thong am thuc va bua an thay doi<br /> theo tung nuac, cung nhu tirng vung trong cimg mot nuac, c6 the la<br /> su kliac biet giiia cac vung, giai cap xa hoi, giao due va tin nguang.<br /> <br /> m<br /> <br /> TS Ha Nam K h a n h Giao - Nguyen V a n Binh<br /> <br /> Mot xa hoi da van hoa se mang lai nhieu nguy ca xung dot ve phong<br /> tuc tap quan va truyen thong dan toe, v i vay, that kho dua ra ket luan<br /> each cu xur nao la dung hay sai, va truong hop nao la khoi nguon<br /> ciia cae quy uac...<br /> Sau day la mot so phong tuc tap quan va truyen thong diSn hinh:<br /> - Trong mot vai nen van hoa, thuc an dugc dung trong cac dia<br /> hay chen doc lap, trong khi c6 mot so nguofi chia se thuc an tir<br /> mot cai chung, mac du mot so nguoi c6 xu huong an theo tung<br /> cai dia doc lap, nhung cung c6 ngoai le. V i du nhu nhung mon<br /> an dugc che bien thanh tirng mieng nho diing de an bang tay,<br /> nhu banh quy hay mot so thuc an nhe dugc dong goi trong hop<br /> thiec hoac cac hop dung khac.<br /> - Van hoa khac nhau phong each am thuc cung khac nhau cho<br /> cung mot mon an. Ci M y , xuc xich thuong dugc an bSng dao va<br /> ma hoac dugc don vao trong banh m i nggt, trong khi do a mot<br /> so nuoc d chau A u , nguoi ta an xuc xich bang tay.<br /> - Doi vai mot so nen van hoa, mgi nguoi ngoi het roi moi b i t<br /> dau an, hoac chu tiee khai eugc khach moi bat dau an, nhung<br /> mot so lai khong.<br /> - D o i v a i mot so tin nguang, moi nguai cau nguyen hoac doc<br /> mot doan kinh truac cung nhu sau khi an, mot so tin nguang<br /> lai khong lam nhu vay, trong truong hgp nay, ban phai giu yen<br /> lang trong mot khoang thai gian ngan de nh&ng nguoi nay lam<br /> le truac khi an.<br /> 6.1.4. Quy trinh mot bira an nhieu mon:<br /> O cac nuoc phuong Tay, mot biia an nhieu mon dugc ket hgp<br /> theo mot tieu chuan nhat dinh, chung tuang tac hai hoa v o l nhau, tuy<br /> nhien, su bien doi phu thugc vao tung dia phuong va van hoa am<br /> thuc, su ket hgp giira cac mon an sau day dugc xem la pho bien:<br /> Bira an ciing c6 the bat dau vai mot mon nho an chai (goi la<br /> amuse bouche hay amuse-gueule) truoc khi mon do nguoi khai v i<br /> (hors d'oeuvre) hay cac mon nguoi (cold food) hay mon dau tien<br /> mang ra phue vu kem v a i loai rugu vang thich hgp. Amuse bouche<br /> CO the la mon ca, mon thit hoac mon ngot... Thong thuong, amuse<br /> bouche chi c6 a cac nha hang cao cap.<br /> 1) Bua an bat dau bang mon an dau tien (entree) - mot khau<br /> phan an nho khong bao gom thit do, entree pho bien thuong<br /> <br /> 159<br /> <br />