Hoàn thiện chính sách sản phẩm nhằm nâng cao sức cạnh tranh của hàng thủy sản xuất khẩu Việt Nam vào thị trường Hoa Kỳ

M H I Mlltr - DOHM NHM Q<br /> loan thien diinh sach san pham tm n^no cao sHc canh tranh<br /> ciia hing thiy sin xuit khau Kiel ilam vio thj trifiino lioa Ky<br /> • PHAM BONH DAT thfch nghi va dap Qng duoc<br /> nhu cau cua thj trudng Hoa<br /> Ky v l tidu chuln chit<br /> <br /> <br /> H<br /> oa Ky la m6t trong nhOng lUdng, mdi trudng, bao bi,<br /> 66\ tac thddng m^i Idn cCia mill ma, kilu dang... Muon<br /> Vigt Nam trong do thuy lam dUdc nhu vdy tnidc hit,<br /> s^n la m6t trong nhQng nhom hang DN XK hang thuy sin Viet<br /> XK chu ygu. Song de phan d^u dat Nam can phii tien hanh<br /> duoc muc tieu XK cho d^n nam 2015 nghien ciiu nhOng mat<br /> va nhQng n§m tiep theo 66\ vdi mat hang thuy sin canh tranh<br /> hang thijy s^n vao thj trudng Hoa Ky, (thdng qua nghien cdu bin<br /> cac DN XK hang thuy sSn cua Vi&t than sin phlm, bao bi<br /> Nam can phai nghien cQu, dieu chinh ddng gdi vd cd clu gia cua<br /> thdng qua cac giSi phap d^ phu hop nd). Trdn cd s6 dd, tien<br /> vdi 81,1 bi^n ddng, vdi y§u cau cua mdi hdnh xem xet nhu clu, thdi<br /> trudng va thi trudng Hoa Ky nhim dd va th| hiiu cua khach ChSTbien tdm XK<br /> hoan thi^n chinh sach sin phlm va hdng (ngudi tidu dung Hoa Ky, nhi Hoa Ky la mdt thj trudng tUdng ddi<br /> ndng cao sQc canh tranh XK cua NK, bdn budn, ban Id); ddnh gia khi<br /> hdng thuy sin. khd tfnh va cd su thay ddi nhanh<br /> ndng mUc dd thich nghi cua sin phlm chdng ve thj hiiu, cdng nghd, tinh<br /> M0t li, nganh ThOy sin cSn ra DN trdn tdng dogn th| trudng khac hinh canh tranh. O l nim bat va chdp<br /> soat l^i cac m$t hang XK cua minh d l nhau d l cd nhQng cii tiin kjp thdi. nhanh nhQng cd hdi xult hien tren th;<br /> td dd x§y dyng chinh sach m§t hang tnidng va giim thilu nhQng rui ro do<br /> Ba la, thiit ke danh mijc sin<br /> thuy sin XK chu iMc V6 ldu dai, cac sy thay dii nhu clu v l th; hieu ngudi<br /> phim thuy sin XK sang thj trudng<br /> DN XK ndn di vao chuydn doanh thay<br /> t h l din kinh doanh ting hop da Hoa Ky theo hudng chuy§n mon hoa tidu dung Hoa Ky, cac DN XK thuy<br /> - Chfnh sdch chuydn mdn hda sin sin Viet Nam can phii chu y ddc biet<br /> nginh nhu hidn nay. NghTa la, phii<br /> phlm giup cho sin xult, XK thuy sin tdi khau phdt triin sin phlm mdi, sin<br /> li^a chpn cdc SBU (ddn vi kinh doanh<br /> tan dyng dupc I0i t h l "quy md" vd phlm tinh, cd ham lUdng cdng nghd<br /> chiin IU0C) XK thCiy sin va cdn nhic<br /> hidu Ung "dudng cong kinh nghidm^ cao de dap Ung nhOng thay doi ve thj<br /> ddy du cdc tham s l (tidu chuln) sau:<br /> chuydn mdn hda mdt sd mat hang hieu cua ngudi tieu dung va khang<br /> SQc tidu thy thuy sin; Hidu qui kinh<br /> doanh thOy sin qua chi s l gid trj gia thuy sin chu lyc nhim ndng cao chit dmh dUdc vj thl, uy tin cua cac DN<br /> tdng cCia XK thuy sin mang 1^1/1 ha lU0ng sin phlm XK va ha gia thanh tren thj trudng.<br /> canh tdc va 1/tridu ding dau tu cdng sin xult. Sau la: Phat huy va cai tien mat<br /> nghidp c h l biin tinh thuy sin XK sau Bdn la: da dang hoa chung loai hang truyin thong - NhQng mat hang<br /> thu hogeh; Tinh phi biin vd tinh trdi sin phim thuy sin XK sang thj thuy sin XK chu luc cua Vidt Nam cd<br /> tdp tfnh; Kinh nghidm canh tac sin trudng Hoa Ky - Vide da dang hda ldi the so sanh trong thUdng mai quoc<br /> phlm, chu ky sing quic t l cua sin hang thuy sin theo tdp quan, khiu vj, te, mat hang da cd mdt nhieu ndm<br /> phlm du ddi (IPLC), cd khi ndng phdt dilu kien khf hdu, ddn s l , thj hiiu cua trdn thj trudng Hoa Ky nhu ca, tdm,<br /> triin hdu cin XK. tdng dogn thj trudng se giup cho DN myc... cin cd k l hoach dim bio<br /> Hai li, da d^ng hda danh mijc tdn dyng cdc ndng lyc hidn cd d l sin ngudn nguydn lieu In djnh, ding thdi<br /> sin phim thich nghi vdi thi trudng xult, c h l biin, XK v l phdn tan bdt tdng cudng diu tu cd s6 vdt chit ky<br /> nhOng rui ro cd khi ndng gdp phii. thudt d l sin xult dim bio<br /> Hoa Ky. Vin d l quan trpng nhit dii<br /> vdi mdt hdng thuy sin XK II phii NSm li: Phat triin sin phim mdi. chit lUdng, sin phlm mdt ' ^ *<br /> <br /> TINNB Mil Stf 20/2011 147<br />  DOANH NGHItP-DOANH NHAN<br /> <br /> • ^ hang cd uy tin lau dai vdi khach chuyen sau ddi vdi mat hang hien hd sd hQu eho nhan hieu hang hda<br /> hang Hoa Ky. dang dupc XK dudi dgng thd va tren thj trudng Hoa Ky de bio ve<br /> Bay la: Tang cudng chinh sach SP che. quyIn ldi chinh minh. Cac DN XK<br /> chit luang va tieu chuin hoa san Chin la: Cac mat hang thuy sin thuy sin Viet Nam can chu ddng bio<br /> phim. Nang cao chat lUdng va tieu XK vao thj trudng Hoa Ky can phii ed ve nhan hidu hang hda cua minh<br /> chuln hda thuy sin XK cd the duoc tdn gpi va nhan hieu ft nhat bang 2 bang mpt s l bidn phap nhu: theo ddi<br /> xem la van de hang dau trong chfnh thd tiing - Viet, Anh. Trong tinh hinh tinh hinh mua ban cac san pham<br /> sach tham nhdp thj trudng Hoa Ky, hien nay, mat hang thuy sin XK chu cung logi tren thj trudng, phdt hidn vd<br /> bdi le nd quyet dmh moi yeu to khac lyc eua Viet Nam vao thj trudng Hoa thdng bdo kjp thdi vdi cdc ed quan<br /> trong canh tranh nham giup cdc DN Ky thudng khdng ed nhan hodc nhan chdc ndng v l hdng gia, hing nhdi<br /> XK hang thuy sin Viet Nam trd thanh chua cd V! trf nil bdt, tuy nhien ve Idu cQng nhu hidn tupng vi phgm quyIn<br /> ban hang Idn cua Hoa Ky. dai de tao dupc uy tin eho sin pham, sd hQu trf tud khde.<br /> eae DN Viet Nam can nghi din chien Mudi la: Olu tu thoa dang cdng<br /> Oe ndng cao thuy san c h l bien<br /> lupc dat hidu hang cho sin pham. tdc bao bi nham phdt huy tot chUc<br /> nhu tieu chuln hda ve chat lUdng, vd<br /> Vdi dieu kien hien nay, nhan hieu nang cua nd la bio ve va thdng tin<br /> sinh, bao bi,... ddi hoi cac DN phii cd<br /> eho nhQng mat hang thuy sin tgi thj thyc hien ma so - ma vgch cua bao bi<br /> sy phdi hop chat che giQa cac khau<br /> trudng Hoa Ky xult xQ tU Viet Nam ed san pham. Oong thdi, dap dng cac<br /> tu chon giong, gieo trong, nudi, cdng<br /> the la: quy djnh v l bao bi trong chinh sdch<br /> nghe thu hoach va che biin thanh<br /> sin pham thuy sin NK eua Hoa Ky v l<br /> pham; mat khac, dau tu xay dung, hi" + Sin pham mang nhan hieu eua<br /> nguydn lieu cho din vin d l thii logi<br /> trd khuyen khfch cac tieu chuan nhu nha ddng gdi nude ngoai (Thai-Ian,<br /> bao bi sau qud trinh sis dyng, cung<br /> HACCP, GIVIP, ISO,... de cd chat Hoa Ky, Phdp,...), sQ dyng each ndy<br /> nhu trdch nhidm bio vd mdi trudng<br /> lUdng san pham on dmh va tao duoc nham eho mat hang thuy sin XK de"<br /> cua DN trong qua trinh thai logi bao<br /> niem tin ndi ngudi tidu dung. dang xam nhap he thong phan phoi<br /> bl. Hogt ddng nghien cQu va phat triin<br /> ban budn v l ban le tren thj trudng<br /> Jam la: Doi mdi cd cau mat hang sin xuat bao bi trong cae DN thuy<br /> Hoa Ky.<br /> thuy san XK- Thay doi mdt each can san Vidt Nam phii dya trdn nhOng<br /> bin Cd cau hang thuy san XK, giim + Sin phlm mang nhan hieu eua djnh hudng sau:<br /> ty trpng sin pham thd va sd che, tang nha phan phoi nude ngoai, mang<br /> nhan hidu cua nha phan phU noi tiing + Thiet ke bao bi tiet kiem nhit<br /> ty trpng cac sin pham che bien cd<br /> ve ban budn cung nhu ban le gdp nhung vlh dim bio mdc dp cin thiet<br /> ham lupng cdng nghiep va chat xam<br /> phan lam eho nhQng mat hang thuy ve an toan, ve sinh v l phu hpp vdi<br /> cao de tang gia tri XK. Ben canh dd<br /> sin cd uy tin va di'dang tieu thy. s i n pham dupc ddng gdi v l ngudi<br /> can cd sU lien kit giQa cac nganh sin tieu dung.<br /> xult va cac cd quan chdc nang cung + Sin phlm mang nhan hieu cua<br /> nha san xuat Viet Nam ddi hoi phai la + Sis dyng cdc chat lieu theo<br /> phoi hpp hanh ddng thudng xuyen<br /> nhQng sin pham cd chat lupng cao, hudng gia tang khi nang cgnh tranh<br /> suot qua trinh sin xuat - thu mua -<br /> dupe kit hpp vdi cae chfnh sach phan tai sd dyng, tai sinh, dl'tieu huy nhu<br /> che biin XK cac sin pham thuy<br /> phdi, gia c l , quing cao. Day la nhQng bao bi bang thuy tinh, giay eaton (giiip<br /> sin. Viec xay dung cd cau mat hang<br /> sin pham nIn tang nham gay uy tin eho DN giim thieu chi phf v l bao bi<br /> thuy sin XK cy the phii dua vao can<br /> tu dd phat trien nhQng san pham mdi cung nhu chi phi thii loai bao bi sau<br /> cU sau:<br /> mang nhan hieu Viet Nam ban tren thj sti dyng).<br /> + Nhu cau cua th; trudng Hoa Ky trudng Hoa Ky. Cae loai sin phlm + Hgn c h l sQ dyng bao bi bing gl"<br /> ddi vdi mat hang dd cao, san xult va ban tnic tiip eho ngudi tieu dung Hoa va dgc biet khdng sis dyng bao bi<br /> khai thac chua dap Ung dupc nhu cau Ky dupc ddng gdi bdi DN XK Vidt bang rdm rg... vi khdng dim bio ydu<br /> tieu dung. Nam can chu y dan nhan theo quy clu ve sinh ve chong djch bdnh cua<br /> + Tinh hinh canh tranh cua mat djnh va phong tyc tap quan eua thj Hoa Ky.<br /> hang dd tren thj trudng. Khi nang trudng. Ooi vdi sin phlm dung ngay,<br /> + Tham gia cac chUdng trinh v l<br /> tham gia vao thj trudng Hoa Ky cua can chu y thiet ke bao bi thuan tidn<br /> bao bi cua Hoa Ky nham ndng cao<br /> cac dii thu cgnh tranh nude ngoai ddi khi sil dung, tU viec bio quan din md<br /> Vj the cgnh tranh cua DN XK thuy<br /> vdi mat hang dd. bao, so che, sCr dung.<br /> sin trong con mit ngudi tilu dung<br /> + Kha ndng c h l bien va c h l bien Oiy mgnh hogt ddng dang ky bio Hoa Ky •<br /> 481 TMIMG nil Stf 20/2011<br />