Kinh nghiệm tái cơ cấu kinh tế trên thế giới và bài học cho Việt Nam

DDDKINHNGHlfM-THUCTliNi<br /> KINH NGHI£M TAI CO CAU KINH T^ TREN T H ^ GI(5|<br /> VABAI HOC CHO VIET NAM<br /> Le T h a n h V a n '<br /> Tran Thi Hflflng"<br /> Tdi cd cdu/cdu true nin kinh tivUa qua d nUdc ta cd le la chu de ndi bat, thu hut nhieu<br /> sU chu y hdn cd trin cdc vdn de vl md do tdc dgng thdm khdc cua suy thodi kinh te qud'c gia<br /> vd qudc ti. Con so gdn 80.000 doanh nghiip phd sdn ndm 2011 ldm cho khdng it cdc nhd<br /> kinh ti, qudn ly vd cd ngudi ddn phdi "gidt minh", nhUng nhUng sd'lieu nita ddu ndm 2012<br /> vdn kkdng hi sdng sua vd dU dodn sap tdi, tinh cdnh cbn "bi ddt" hdn nhU vdy. Vdn di da<br /> trd nin ndng den mUc Qud'c hdi yiu cdu Chinh phu trinh bdy di dn Tdi cd cdu kinh ti'vdi rdt<br /> nkieu y kiin ddng gdp vd chink sia nhUng vdn chUa dgt dugc sit ddng thudn cudi ciing.<br /> 1. K h a i n i e m t a i ccf ca'u k i n h te'<br /> Cd ca'u kinh tl^ Ifi tdng the cac mdi quan<br /> he ve so' Ifldng va chfi't Ifldng gifla cac bd<br /> phan hdp t h a n h cua nen kinh te' qudc dan<br /> trong nhflng dieu kidn ve thdi gian va khdng<br /> gian nha^t dinh. Cac mdi quan he nfiy dfldc<br /> xem xet tfl nhieu gdc dd khae nhau cho ndn<br /> tai cd cfi'u kinh te' cung dadc phan thfinh<br /> nhiiu loai nha: tai ed cfi'u sd hflu, tai cd cfi'u<br /> nganh kinh te, tai cd ca'u vung ianh thd' hoac<br /> la tai ed cfi^u khu vflc the ehe. Qua trinh<br /> phat t r i l n kinh te' cung ddng thdi la qua<br /> trinh Ifim thay dd'i cac loai cd cfi'u neu tren,<br /> ke ca nhflng quan he v l sd' ladng vfi chfi't<br /> Ifldng. Dfic biet, trdng dieu kien bi tac ddng<br /> manh cua cugc k h u n g hoang vdi nhflng dao<br /> ldn ve nhu c i u va thi tradng se co nhflng<br /> thay dd'i ldn ve cd cfi'u kinh tl^ eua cac nadc<br /> trdn the gidi.<br /> Theo tfl d i l n Oxford tai ed cfi'u Ifi td' chflc<br /> lai mgt cfii gi dd n h a la mdt hd thd'ng hoac<br /> mdt cdng ty theo mgt cfich mdi vfi khfic han".<br /> Theo tfl dien Cambridge "tai cau true la to'<br /> <br /> chflc mdt eong ty, mdt cdng viec kinh doanh<br /> hofic mdt he thd'ng de no van hfinh hidu qua<br /> hdn". Hoae tfl dien Robert cua Phap dinh<br /> nghia "Tai cd cfi'u Ifi mang lai mgt ca'u true<br /> mdi, mgt each to chflc mdi" (Nguydn Nggc<br /> Sdn, 2010).<br /> Tfl cac quan niem v l tai cd ca'u kmh te<br /> n h a trdn, ed the dinh nghia tdi cd cdu nin<br /> kinh ti'chinh Id tdchUc lgi nen kink tibdng<br /> cdch hinh thdnh mdi, bo di, tdng hay gidm<br /> cdc ngdnh, cdc linh vUc, bd phdn kinh ti<br /> hodc dinh hUdng lgi cdc ngdnh, bg phdn<br /> link vitc ciia nin kinh ti de nd van hdnh<br /> hieu qud hdn. Noi each khac, tai cd cfi'u la<br /> vide chuyen doi ed e l u kinh te' bat hdp ly<br /> thanh cd ca'u kinh t l hgp ly hdn. Nhfl vay,<br /> tai ed ca'u kinh t l la qua trinh thid't lap lai<br /> cd cfi'u kinh te d mfle do phat trien hidn tai<br /> de nen kinh te' trd thfinh hidu qua hdn, ed<br /> nang Iflc canh t r a n h cao hdn, vfi qua trinh<br /> dd dade thflc hidn thdng qua thay dd'i ed c h l<br /> phan bd' nguon Iflc tfl ndi kem hieu qua sang<br /> ndi sfl dung cd hieu qua cao hdn.<br /> <br /> * Le Thanh Van, Thac si. Vien Ta van Phat tnin (CODE).<br /> ** Tran Thi HUdng, Thac si, Dai hoc Lao dgng Xa h6i.<br /> <br /> So 48(7+8/20121<br /> <br /> QUAN Lt KINH Tl<br /> <br /> Q<br /> <br /> WiAi'iWM KINH NGHIEM THUC TJJN<br /> Trong khi do, chuydn dich ed cfi'u Ifi mdt<br /> qua trinh lau dfii, trong dd, cd cfi'u kinh tM<br /> tflng bfldc thay dd'i vfi chuyin dich tfl cac<br /> ngfinh khai thae tfii nguydn, thfim dyng it<br /> vd'n, sii dung n h i i u lao ddng, trinh do cdng<br /> nghd thfi'p, gifi tri gia tfing thfi'p sang efic<br /> ngfinh t h a m dung n h i i u von, cd trinh do<br /> cdng ngh$ vfi gifi tri gia tang cao hdn; tfl dd,<br /> chuyin dfldc n i n kinh td' tflng bfldc len cac<br /> trinh dd phat t r i l n cao hdn. Dd vfiy, hai khfii<br /> nidm tai cd d u va chuyen dich cd cfi'u phai<br /> di song hfinh vdi nhau, trong dd, tai cd ca'u<br /> nhfim phuc vu muc dich chuyen dich ed cfi'u<br /> vfi ngfldc lai chuyin dich cd cfi'u Ifim cd sd<br /> dinh hfldng cho tfii cd cfi'u.<br /> 2. Boi c a n h d a t r a t a i cd cfii'u k i n h t e<br /> Md hinh phfit t r i l n kinh te' Viet Nam dfi<br /> cd n h i i u d i l u chinh va thay dd'i dang k l tfl<br /> ngay gianh dgc lap dfi't nadc nam 1975. D i u<br /> tidn, Vidt Nam chgn md hinh kinh t l kd'<br /> hoach tap trung, tid'p theo dd trong giai<br /> doan 1986-1989 ta chon md hinh kinh te san<br /> xua't hang hda nhieu thanh phan, rdi tfl<br /> nfim 1990 chuyen sang n i n kinh t l dinh<br /> hadng thi tradng co sfl quan ly eua Nhfi<br /> nfldc. Md hinh g i n day nhfi^t sau n a m 2000<br /> Ifi n i n kinh tM thi trfldng dinh hadng xa hdi<br /> chu nghia. Cd ve n h a chflng ta v i n dang<br /> loay hoay Ifla chgn vfi d i l u chinh con dadng<br /> phat t r i l n kinh te' (nha ndm da dd dadng)<br /> nhfim Ifla chgn con dadng phat trien eho<br /> ridng minh (ke't hdp hfii hda hdp ly gifla xa<br /> hdi chu nghia (tfnh dan chu) vdi t a ban chu<br /> nghia (tinh thi tradng)).<br /> Tgi Hdi Nghi 3 eua BCH TW Dang<br /> CSVN, ngfiy 10 t h a n g 10 nfim 2011 Td'ng bi<br /> t h a Nguydn P h u Trgng da ket lufin "Tdi cd<br /> cdu kinh ti Viet Nam cdn tap trung vdo 3<br /> link vUc" bao gdm: (1) Tai cd cfi'u d i u tfl<br /> trong dd tap trung vao ddu tU cdng; (2) Tai<br /> cd cfi'u khu vifc tfii chinh, tien td, treng dd<br /> tap trung vao tai cd cfi'u ngdn hdng thUdng<br /> <br /> B ] OUAN Lt KINH T l<br /> <br /> KINH NGHIEM TAI CO CAU KINH TfTR|NTH|GI(5|„.<br /> <br /> mgi; vk (3) Tfii ed cfiiu doanh nghiip nkd<br /> nUdc, trong dd t i p trung vfio tai cd cfi'u tap<br /> ddfin kinh t l vfi cac tong cdng ty nhfi nfldc.<br /> Tuy nhidn, dfldi eac gdc nhin khac nhau,<br /> da cd rfi't n h i i u ^ k i l n v l tai cd ca'u kinh tl,<br /> d$c bidt tfl cac chuydn gia kinh ti'vfi cac nhfi<br /> quan ly, nhflng khi d l c^p tdi tai cd ca'u kinh<br /> t l , hg d i u thdng nhfi't d mgt so quan dilm<br /> chinh Ifi phai nfing cao chfi't ladng tfing<br /> tradng, thay d i i tfl duy d i l u hfinh nen kinh<br /> td' bao gdm t h i c h l vfi dinh hadng phat<br /> triln, phai tao mdi trfldng cgnh tranh binh<br /> dfing theo nghia thi trfldng. Do vfiy, Chinh<br /> phu hidn dang chi dao vi^c xay dflng, hoan<br /> thi$n cae D l an; tai cd ca'u doanh nghiep<br /> nha nfldc; tai cd ca'u hd thd'ng ngan hang<br /> thadng mgi; tai cd cfi'u d i u t a vfi Phadng an<br /> td'ng t h i tai cd cSfu doanh nghidp nha nfldc<br /> giai dogn 2011 - 2015, ed tfnh den 2020.<br /> Day la nhflng ndi dung ldn cd mdi lien kit<br /> chfit che mfi Chfnh phii se tap trung chi dao<br /> thflc hien mgt each toan dien, dong bd ngay<br /> tfl 2012 nhfim thfle hien chu tradng cd cfi'u<br /> lgi nen kinh te' theo hfldng nang cao nang<br /> sufi't, chfi't Iflgng, hidu qua vfi sfle cgnh tranh<br /> nhfim dat muc tieu phat t r i l n ben vflng.<br /> Vfla qua, ngfiy 19/4, tgi Uy ban Thadng<br /> vu Qud'c hgi, Bd tradng Bd Ke hoach vfi D^u<br /> T a Nguyen Q u a n g Vinh (Hop 1 va Hop 2) da<br /> trinh bay De an Tai cd ca'u kinh td' tap trung<br /> vfio 5 muc tidu vfi d l xufi't 13 nhdm giai<br /> phap. P h i n ldn eae dgi b i l u deu danh gia<br /> cao sfl k h i n t r a d n g vfi nghiem tue cua<br /> Chinh phu eung n h a cae bd ngfinh trong<br /> vide xay dflng de a n td'ng the tai c^u trie<br /> nen kinh te. Tuy nhidn, da sd' y k i l n trong<br /> Thfldng trflc Uy b a n Kinh t l cho rfing each<br /> dat vfi'n de cua d l an chfla neu bfit cfic diem<br /> dac trflng, sfl c i n thid't phai tai cd ca'u tdng<br /> the n i n kinh t l gfin vdi doi mdi md hinh<br /> tfing trfldng. Ddng thdi de nghi bd' sung<br /> hofin canh, dieu kidn tai cd cS^u (tai cd cfi'u<br /> <br /> 5(^48(7+8/2012)<br /> <br /> CANH TRANH TR£N THj TRUING CAO SU THg GlCil,<br /> trong bdi canh hfiu k h u n g hoang tai ehfnh<br /> 2008, khung hoang nd cdng 2010-2011 vfi<br /> bdi canh cua Viet Nam sau hdn 25 nam dd'i<br /> mdi), bo sung dinh hfldng nhflng linh vifc se<br /> dfldc tai cd cfi'u, sfip xIp thfl tfl flu tidn vfi Id<br /> <br /> KINH HGHIEM THIft TlJN<br /> <br /> [ [ ^<br /> <br /> trinh thflc hien. Ban d l an cung chaa tfnh<br /> toan tdi chi phi e i n thiet cung n h a dfinh gifi<br /> tfic ddng cua vide thflc hidn de an ddi vdi<br /> vide thflc hidn cac chi tieu kinh te, xfi hdi dfi<br /> da^c d l ra.<br /> <br /> H o p 1: N a m m u c t i e u t a i ccf ca'u t o n g the' n e n k i n h te'<br /> - Tflng bade vfi hen tuc nang cao hieu qua sfl dung efic ngudn Iflc xa hgi, nang cao nang<br /> sufi't lao ddng, nang sufi't cac yeu td td'ng hdp va nfing Iflc canh tranh cua nen kinh tl; gop<br /> p h i n chuydn ddi md hinh tang tradng tfl chieu rdng sang ke't hdp hdp ly gifla chieu rdng<br /> va chiiu sfiu, tien tdi hinh thanh md hinh tfing tradng chu ye'u theo chieu sau, dam bao<br /> dat td'c do tfing trfldng binh qufin 7-8% mdt nfim trong thdi ky 2011-2020.<br /> - Duy tri dn dinh kinh td'vi md mdt cfich vflng chac, vdi lam phat thfi'p va cac nen tang<br /> vi md vflng manh: gop p h i n dam bao an ninh tfii chfnh qud'c gia.<br /> • Thid't lap phat trien can ddi hdp ly gifla cac dia phadng, vung mien tren cd sd phat<br /> huy ldi the'cua tflng dia phadng, tflng vung.<br /> - Tflng bfldc va lidn tuc cai thidn, nang cfi'p trinh dd phat t n e n cac nganh kinh td' noi<br /> rieng va nen kinh td' noi chung; qua do cac nganh sfl dung cdng nghe cao, cd gia tri gia<br /> tang cao tflng bade thay the cac nganh cdng nghe tha'p, t h a m dung lao dgng va gia tri gia<br /> tang thfi'p di trd t h a n h nhflng ngfinh kinh te' chu Ifle cua nen kinh te.<br /> - Hinh t h a n h cd cfi'u kinh te hdp ly vfi nang dgng hdn, co nang Iflc canh tranh cao hdn<br /> vfi CO tilm nfing tfing tradng ldn hdn, gdp phan dgt dadc cac chi tieu phat trien kinh t l xa<br /> hgi mfi Chien lade Phfit t r i l n kinh te xa hdi 2011-2020 da xac dinh.<br /> Nguon: De an Tai cd cfi'u kinh te.<br /> <br /> H o p 2: Mifcfi b a n h d m giai p h a p t a i cd c a u k i n h te'<br /> 1. Nang cao chfi't ladng cae quy heaeh, gan chid'n lade vdi quy hoach va ke'hoach, tang<br /> cfldng hieu Iflc quan ly nha nadc v l quy hogch phat trien.<br /> 2. Tai cd ca'u he thd'ng cac to ehfle tin dung, thi trfldng chflng khoan, on dinh vflng chle<br /> kinh t l v i mo, thue d i y va hd trd tai cd ca'u kinh te, gdp p h i n tang tradng bdn vflng..<br /> 3. Ddi mdi ed chd' p h a n bo', quan ly vk sfl dung, nang cao hidu qua d i u t a nha nadc,<br /> thuc day tai cd ca'u kinh te.<br /> 4. Doi mdi sau sfic, toan didn cd cfi'u vfi cd che' quan ly doanh nghidp nhfi nadc, nang cao<br /> hieu qua hogt dgng cua cac doanh nghidp nhfi nfldc, trade hd't Ifi cac tfip dofin va tdng cdng<br /> ty nha nfldc.<br /> 5. Hoan thien the c h l kinh te thi tradng, cai thien mdi trfldng kinh doanh de huy ddng<br /> tdi da vfi khdng ngflng nang cao hieu qua d i u tfl tfl n h a n trong vfi ngoai nfldc.<br /> 6. Dd'i mdi ehd' do flu dai, k h u y i n khich d i u tfl, cd che phan cfi'p vfi phdi hdp quan ly<br /> <br /> 5148(7-1-8/2012)<br /> <br /> OUAN Lt KINH TE Q ]<br /> <br /> I M l KINH NGHIEM THUC TIJH<br /> <br /> KINH NGHIEM TAI CO cAu KINH Tg TRgN THg G l 6 l i<br /> <br /> dau t a nhfim t h u h u t va dinh hadng d i u t a t a n h a n trong nfldc vfi nfldc ngofii d i u t a phat<br /> t r i l n cac ngfinh, san p h i m flu tien phat tridn.<br /> 7. Nfing eao hidu Iflc quan ly nhfi nadc va chfi't Ifldng cac dfl an d i u tfl nfldc ngofii.<br /> 8. Xfiy dflng vfi thflc hi^n eac chfldng trinh ddng bd phat triln cac ngfinh, san phim flu<br /> tidn phat triln dgt dadi sfl chi dao tap trung, thd'ng nhfi't tfl trung fldng (ve muc tidu, ngudn<br /> lac, cd che va each thflc thac hien, thee doi, danh gia va bd' sung, dilu chinh...) n h i m tang<br /> ham ladng khoa hgc, tfing ty Id gia tri ngi dia vfi nfing cao nfing Ifle cgnh tranh.<br /> 9. Thflc hien cac chfldng trinh qud'c gia ve phat t r i l n , nang cao chfi't Ifldng eae doanh<br /> nghidp dan doanh.<br /> 10. Doi mdi phadng thfle td' chflc san xufi't ndng nghidp theo hfldng tfing quy md san<br /> xud't, tfip trung chuydn canh, ap dung quy trinh vfi ky thufit san xufi't hidn dgi, nfing cao<br /> nfing sua't lao ddng vfi chfi't Ifldng sd'ng d ndng thdn.<br /> 11. Phfit huy ldi the'cua tflng vung, chuyen dd'i va hinh t h a n h ed cfi'u vung kinh te hdp<br /> ly, da dgng v l ngfinh, n g h i vfi trinh do phat triln.<br /> 12. Nang cao chfi't ladng ngudn nhan Iflc tad dieu kidn t h u a n ldi cho tai cd ca'u kinh tl.<br /> 13. Phat tridn khoa hgc va cong nghe.<br /> Nguon; D@" an Tai cd cfi'u kinh te.<br /> 3. K i n h n g h i e m t a i efl c a u k i n h te'<br /> t r e n the' gi6i<br /> Thdi<br /> <br /> Lan<br /> <br /> Thai Lan tfl mdt nfldc Ddng Nam A dang<br /> trong qua trinh c h u y i n dd'i tfl mgt nen kinh<br /> te chu yeu Ifi ndng nghiep sang mdt nen<br /> kinh td' thu nhap trung binh cao vdi ngfinh<br /> cong nghiep chd' bid'n vfi cae nganh dich vu<br /> da dang. Thai Lan da bfit d i u tai cd cfi'u n i n<br /> kinh td' cua minh sau k h u n g hoang tai chinh<br /> n a m 1997. Trong ke hoach phat t n i n kinh<br /> t l - xa hgi giai doan 2007 - 2011, Thai Lan<br /> neu rd tai cd ca'u kinh t l la c i n thid't de dgt<br /> dadc can bfing va b i n vflng phu h(?p vdi<br /> nguydn t i c hfii hda, hdp ly vfi mien nhidm.<br /> Cae chid'n Ifldc v l tai cd cfi'u kinh te cua Thai<br /> Lan tap trung vao;<br /> Thit nhdt, tki ca cfi'u nganh kinh td' theo<br /> hfldng: i) tai cd ca'u san xufi^t nhfim nang cao<br /> nfing sua't lao ddng va tang thdm gia tri cho<br /> cac hang hoa va dich vu, tren cd sd tri thflc<br /> ban dia va van hda Thai Lan; ii) xay dflng<br /> <br /> Q ] OUAN Lt KINH Tg<br /> <br /> cac hd thd'ng mien nhidm va quan ly rui ro<br /> eho cac linh vflc h a n g hda va dich vu, thi<br /> trfldng tfii chinh, tfii nguyen thien nhidn,<br /> cung n h a hd thd'ng tai khda; iii) phat trien<br /> ndng nghiep t h a n h ed sd ladng thflc an toan<br /> va d i y du cho t h i gidi; iv) nang cao chudi gia<br /> tri trong cdng nghiep, thdng qua hdp nha't<br /> cfic khu vflc hdp nhfi't khac n h a u nhfl phat<br /> trien cae cum cdng nghiep vfi flng dung cac<br /> cdng nghe giam tidu t h u nang Ifldng cung<br /> nhfl s^ dung tai nguyen thidn nhidn vfi bao<br /> ve mdi trfldng.<br /> ThU hai, tai cd cfi'u d i u tfl thed hfldng<br /> khuye'n khich t i l t kiem trong nfldc dl tang<br /> cfldng nfing Iflc d i u tfl eua qudc gia vfi thflc<br /> hidn an sinh xa hgi, vfi giam bdt mfle do phu<br /> thudc vao vdn nfldc ngoai, nha't la vd'n vay va<br /> vd'n CO p h i n ngfin hgn. Tai cd cSii quan ly<br /> thich dang tfii chinh de tao ra cfin ddi ngan<br /> saeh trong t i m trung h a n vfi tao dilu kien cho<br /> san xufi't trong nfldc bfing each huy ddng von<br /> theo hfldng hinh thfinh cac khu vflc hidu qua.<br /> 5tf 48 (7-1-8/2012)<br /> <br /> CANH TRANH TR£N THj TRL/ONG CAO SU TH^ GICJl.<br /> <br /> ThU ba, tai cd cfi'u hinh thflc phan phdi<br /> theo hfldng canh t r a n h va phfin phoi cua cai<br /> binh dang va thuc d i y p h a n phdi edng b i n g<br /> cac ldi ich kinh td' ciia tofin bd tfing trfldng<br /> trong tofin xa hdi.<br /> ThU tu, tai ed cfi'u theo hadng nang cao<br /> hidu qua tieu thu nfing ladng vfi phat trien<br /> cac ngudn nang ladng thay the n h i m giam<br /> mfle do nhgy cam v l nfing ladng vfi mfle do<br /> phu thudc vfio n h a p k h i u .<br /> Lien bang<br /> <br /> Nga<br /> <br /> Nga la mdt trong nhflng nadc chiu anh<br /> hfldng mgnh nha't tfl suy thoai kinh te' tofin<br /> ciu. Kinh t l Nga - nen kinh t l tfing tradng<br /> nhay vgt theo gia hfing hofi trong thdi ky<br /> kinh t l thuan ldi - da phai dadng d i u vdi<br /> tinh trgng suy giam va sau do tfing tradng<br /> fim (khoang 7,5%) nfim 2009. Cdn n h i i u yd'u<br /> td tieu cflc a n h hadng den kinh td' Nga bao<br /> gom ty le tieu dung ngi dia thfi'p, tfing<br /> tradng kinh td' tofin e l u tha'p, tin dung that<br /> chat, d i u tfl cd sd h a t i n g kem. De ddi phd<br /> vdi tinh trang nfiy Nga da thuc day tai cd<br /> cfi'u kinh td' thed cac hfldng sau:<br /> Mgt Id, tki cd cfi'u nganh bao gdm; thuc<br /> day dau tfl vfio phat t r i l n cac ngfinh cdng<br /> nghiep phi nfing Ifldng nhfl cdng nghidp che<br /> tgo, edng nghidp p h i n mdm, cdng nghidp ehe<br /> bien thflc pham, gd; thue d i y phfit trien<br /> ndng nghiep dac bidt Ifi san xufi't lua mi lua<br /> mach d l dam bao an ninh Ifldng thflc va<br /> xufi't k h i u treng d i l u kien gia Ifldng thflc tre<br /> the gidi tfing n h a n h .<br /> Hai Id, tki cd cfi'u thadng mgi qud'c t l va<br /> d i u t a theo hadng: i) C h u y i n tfl xufi't k h i u<br /> nhidn Heu, san p h i m thd va tfii nguydn sang<br /> xua't khau cac san p h a m che b i l n hoac qua<br /> che bid'n; ii) Thue d i y t h u h u t d i u tfl trflc<br /> tilp nfldc thay vi huy dgng ngudn vd'n vay<br /> thfldng mai hay d i u t a gian tiep.<br /> Ba Id, tai cd cfi'u sd hflu theo hadng thuc<br /> diy tfl nhfin hda, bao gdm ea chuyen sang sd<br /> Stf 48 (7-1-8/2012)<br /> <br /> KINH NGHIEM THirC TlJH<br /> <br /> f<br /> <br /> j<br /> <br /> ^<br /> <br /> hflu ta nhfin efic tfii san cua eac DNNN va<br /> bfi't ddng san.<br /> Bd'n Id, tki cd cfi'u d i u ta theo hadng tang<br /> cadng d i u t a cho nghien cflu vfi phat triln<br /> (R&D) vfi tgo dflng mdt he thd'ng c6 hidu Iflc<br /> v l chi thi cua Nhfi nadc cho cfic dong san<br /> p h i m qud'c phdng, bao dam sfl cfin bfing<br /> trong chuyin giao cfic loai vu khi, trang<br /> thid't bi hidn dai cho nhu c i u c i n thie't cua<br /> ndi dia vfi tren the gidi.<br /> Ndm Id, tai ed ca'u thi tnfdng tai chfnh, he<br /> thd'ng ngfin hfing theo hadng giam bdt mfle do<br /> dd la hda, giam sfl dung tiln mat va tang tfnh<br /> minh bgch cua hd thd'ng ngan hfing.<br /> D I thflc hien chien lade tofin ciu, tai cd<br /> ca'u kinh te c i n cd 16 trinh ehiln lUdc cho ca<br /> Nga vfi cac ddi tae cua LB Nga. Do la dinh<br /> hadng lai cd ca'u kinh te nhfim cung ed' quan<br /> he hdi nhap trong khudn khd' cac nUdc Cgng<br /> dong cac qud'e gia dgc Ifip (SNG) va cung<br /> nhau tham nhap vfio thi tradng thfl ba, hd<br /> trd xufi't k h i u san pham c h l bien va nhfip<br /> k h a u cdng nghe cao.<br /> Trung<br /> <br /> Qudc<br /> <br /> Tfl quy IV/2011, tfing tradng GDP ciia<br /> Trung Qud'c chi cdn d mfle 8,9% va tie'p tuc sut<br /> giam xud'ng ngadng 8,1% trong quy 1/2012,<br /> mfle thap nhfi't trong g i n 3 nam va la quy<br /> giam thfl nfim lien ti^p. Ro rang, cugc khung<br /> hoang tai chinh the gidi du tac ddng tieu cflc<br /> de'n n i n kinh td' Trung Qud'c, nhang cung co<br /> mat tich efle Ifi nd Ifim Id ra nhiSng yd'u kdm<br /> ton tgi lau nay ve md hinh phat trien cua<br /> nfldc nfiy. Cudc khung hoang da cha'm dflt<br /> chudi thdi gian thfinh cdng cua md hinh cdng<br /> nghidp che biln dfla vfio x u i t khau. Id thude<br /> vfio thi tradng ben ngofii. Vfi'n d l tai cd cfi'u<br /> kinh te dade dfit ra thee cac hadng sau;<br /> ThU nhdt, chuyin dd'i tfing tradng dfla<br /> vao vide tid'p tuc day n h a n h cai each dinh<br /> hadng thi trfldng nham duy tri tfing tradng<br /> va thue day thi tradng, phfit huy nhflng yd'u<br /> QUAN Lt KINH T I<br /> <br /> Q]<br /> <br />