NGHiEN ClTU - TRAO DOI<br />
Mot so ket qua nghien cuu san xuat tinh bot gao<br />
dung cho ehd hidn thirc phdm va dtfdc phdm<br />
» N G U Y E N TH! MINH HANH, NGO THj VAN,<br />
LUONG NHU HOA, NGUY§N THUY LINH<br />
Vien Cong nghiep Thi/c pham<br />
<br />
<br />
1. MO DAU De lira chpn dircrc lcr.ii g.io de ph.i huv ciu true cimg<br />
Tinh bdi gao la tinh bdt ed ciu tnic da giac rat nhd tir ciia protein Vci tinh bdt \'ira re tien m.i thao t.ic cdng<br />
4-8 micron, nhd nh.it trong cie lo.ii tinh bdt thucmg nghe dim gi.in nhaL thi nghiem lien h.inh ph.in tich hai<br />
diing. Ciiu tnic tinh the cua linh bdt gao dupe giir trong thcinh ph.in chinh la protein va ham liremg tinh bdt ciia<br />
cau true cirng cua protein lien ket viri tinh bpL khdng tan mdt sd loai g.io cd tren thi trucmg: Khang D.in, DT 10,<br />
trong nude. Ham lucmg protein trong gcio dao ddng rcit C70, Q5. Ket qua thu dircrc iiliir sau:<br />
nhieu va phu thudc Vcio gidng lua, bien thien trong Bang V.H'am luimg protein va tinh hot ciia mot so loai gao<br />
khoang rat rdng tir 4,3-18,27... Gidng liia ed ham lupng Ham lui.mg Ham lining<br />
STT Ten gijo<br />
amylopectin Ccing cao, Ccing thuan Icri cho sinh tdng hirp pruteiii ( ' i ) liiili b(}H':i)<br />
<br />
protein. Tinh bdt la thanh phcin chinh eiia gao, chiem 1 Kh.111;: Daii "•.P 78.7?<br />
90"',. khdi luimg ch.it khd v.i ducre ciu t.ic) bcri hai ciu tir 2 DT 10 8.4S 7.S.4:<br />
amyloza va amylopeetin. linh ch.it eiia tinh bdt phu<br />
.1 1-7(1 7.17 so.i.s<br />
thudc v.io h.im lucmg amyloza ciia h.it gao. De thu ducre<br />
tinh bdt gao, can xir ly dupe ciu tnic protein lien ket vcri 4 fr.95 77.66<br />
<br />
tinh bdL tcieh duirc protein ra khoi h.it tinh bdt. Phucmg Ket qiici ph.in tich eho th.iy ham lucmg protein thap<br />
phap xir ly thdng dung nhiit la xir Iv ho.i hpe. nhat cd cVg.io Q5 \ a Khang Dan. Ham lirpng amyloza eiia<br />
tinh Nil Cci lien quan m.it thiet \iri d.ic tinh eiia tinh biit.<br />
[ 2. NGUYEN LIEU VA FHUONG PHAP<br />
I lam lucmg amylo/a th.ip (2-20"..), tinh bdt sau hd hcra cd<br />
NGHIEN CUU tinh ch.it dinh, giu nireV. Ham liriiig amylo/a trung binh<br />
2.1. Nguyen lieu: gao (20-25"'"), tinh bdt sau hd hc)^i se tao past dco, khi ngudi<br />
a. Q5: gidng thu.in, nh.ip ncii tir Iruiig Qucic; khiing bi cung trcr lai. Nhiet dd hd ho.i l.i mcit d.ie tinh cua<br />
h. D i 10: gidng dpi biln bi DT 1; tinli bdt, la kho.ing nhiet dp ma tinh bdt lue dd ed it nhat<br />
c. C70: Gidng thu.in nh.ip ncii tir IRRl; 90"i.c.iu tnicmachdudi ra trongnuix:ndng \a khdnghoiin<br />
d. Khang D.in: Gidng Ihucin, nh.ip ndi lir irung Qudc. nguyen. Nliiet dd hd ho.i cio hay th.ip phu thuex: vao gicing<br />
2.2. Phuong phap nghien cuu va dieu kien mdi trucmg. Gcio cd nhiet do hd ho.i cao khi<br />
1. X.ic dinh ham lucmg tinh beit b.ing phirerng ph.ip n.iii se tdn nhiet. Thi nghiem dupe tien hanh x.ic dinh nhiet<br />
D.i hoc (thuv ph.in tinh bdt b.ing axil). dp hd hoa ham luimg amyloza cua cac loai gao Khang Dan,<br />
2. X.ic dinh do .im b.ing phiremg pbiip Siiy den trpng DT 10, C70, Q5 tren may RVA. Kit qiui thu direic nhu sau:<br />
nmg khcing ddi. Bang 2: Ham luimg amyloza ciia mot so loai gao<br />
3. Xac dinh ndng dp eh.it khd bang Bcime ke.<br />
4. X.ie dinh ham luong d.im bhng phucmg ph.ip Kendan T e n gao<br />
Nliii't do bo hoa Amylo/a ('/«)<br />
STT<br />
5. Ph.in tich ham luijng amyloza theo ICVN 5761- (OPHK)*<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
r<br />
1993/ISO 6647:1987 1 Kliang D i l l 26.04<br />
<br />
6. Xac dinh nhiet dp ho.i hd qua dp phcin buy kiem 2 DT 10 6.2 25.74<br />
eo rCVN-.5715-P)93 3 (•70 6.0 20..U<br />
3. K 6 T QUA NGHIEN CUU 6.5 24.67<br />
4<br />
3.1. Nghien ciiu lua chpn loai gao phu hgp cho san<br />
xuat tinh bdt 'DPHK : Dp ph.in huy kii^'iii<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
^ b b s i;ite: www.tapchicongnghiep.vn K\ 1. IhaiiK I J/200')«C6NCNCHIIP 23<br />
BNBHitMcini-nTTT^<br />
<br />
Ket qua eho thay ci bdn loai gao d.i chpn la Khang nen chpn tv Ic gao: nude la 1:3 va chi rua 3 Ian. •^"<br />
Dan, DT 10, C70, Q5 deu cd iiliiet do hd hoci thcip nen 3.3. Nghien cihi dieu kien ky thuat de san xuat tinh<br />
nang lupng su dung cho iiau chin deu nhu nhau. Tuy bdt gao<br />
nhien, Khang D.in \'a DT 10 cd ham lucmg amyloza cao 3.3.1. Nghien ciru xac djnh nong do dich NaOH<br />
cdn C70 va Q5 ed ham lupng amyloza t m n g binh nen cd thich hap nhat cho qua trinh ngam gao<br />
the chpn hai loai gao Li C70 y.i Q5. Phcin tir tinli bdt gao ed Cci'u tnic rat nhd lai nam<br />
Mdt yeu td .inh h u d n g Icrn den san xuat tinh bdt trong Icip luai protein khdng tan. Vi vay, de lay dupe<br />
gao la kha nang hiit nucre cua hat gao. Kha ncing hiit tinli bdt can lam mem Ic'rp luc'ri protein truire khi xay<br />
nude cua eae gidng gao khac nhau thi ciing khac nghiln bang hoa chat. Theo Orlando Jones thi phuong<br />
nhau. Gao hut ducre nhieu nuire thi cac te b.io h.it gao phap teSt nliiit d l Lim mem protein gao la ngam gao<br />
dupe trucmg nd deu nen se mem han, thuan lai cho trong mdi trudng caustic soda. De phu hop vdi dieu kien<br />
qua trinh xay nghien. Lim \'iec, de thao tac v.i vdn dau tu it, chiing tdi chpn<br />
De so sanh kha nang hut nude cua cac loai gao, thi each ngam gao thay nude mdt Ian.<br />
nghiem ducre tien hanh vcri 4 lo.ii gao: Q5, DT 10, C70, Till nghiem ducre tiln hanh vdi ndng dp NaOH trcmg<br />
Khang Dan. Cac mau gao duoc ng,im trong thdi gian 6 nude ngam thay ddi tii 0,2-0,67o, gao dupe ngam trong<br />
gic'r vcri ty- le gcio: nucic Li 1:2. Ket quci thu ducre nhu sau: thcTi gian 60 gier.<br />
Bang 3: Kha nang hut nuac ciia timg loai gao Kit qua thu dupe cho thay dp sach ciia Hnh bdt tang<br />
theo hcim lucmg NaOH su dung de ngam gao bi 90,4%<br />
Lmrng gao l.inynj' iiuxK' hap<br />
1 en j4ao tliii duirc vau thu vao };ao sail ddi vdi 0,27o dich NaOH d i n 96,7% ddi vdi 0,5 % dich<br />
srr klii iignin ("^c > khi ngam ( ' i ) NaOH. Tuv nhien vcri pliuimg phcip nciy do sach ciia<br />
1 Q5 1 17 17 tinh bpl ciing chi dat tdi da gan 97".).<br />
2 DT 10 1 i 6.8 16.8 3.3.2. Nghien ciiu che do ngam gao thich hap nhat<br />
3 C7() 114.0 14 a) Xac dinh lupng nude ngam gao<br />
Khang Dan<br />
De tiet kiem lucmg nucic sir dung trong qUci trinh san<br />
4 116,2 16.2<br />
xuat tinh beit, chiing tdi tien hanh khao sat lupng nucic<br />
Ket thuc thdi gian ng.im, gao ducre l.iy ra de r.io nuire tdi thieu dung cho qua trinh ngcim gao. Cac mau thi<br />
sau dd mang di can va xac dinh lupng nude hap thu. Ket nghic?m dupe ngam \6i ty le gao: nude nhu sau: 1:1;<br />
qUci cho thiiy gcio Q5 wi DT 10 cd dd hiit nuire nhu nhau. 1:1,5; 1:2; 1:2,5 va 1:3. Ngcim d nliiet dp 30OC trong theri<br />
Cdn gao C70 khci nang but nude kem hem. gian 6 gid.<br />
Nhcin xet: Qua Ccie thi nghiem dci tien hcinh gcio Q5 Bang 4. Xac djnh luang nuac ngam gao thich hop nhat<br />
ed ham lupng tinh bpl kha cao (77,66) va h.im luong<br />
klioi liiuTiji gao: 1\ >^ ninfc hap Ihu \ao gao<br />
d.im th.ip hem cie lo.ii g.io kh.ic (6,69). Nhiet do hd hoa STT<br />
khoi lmrng nurrc {%)<br />
ciia gao Q5 thap (6,5), ham lupng amyloza eiia Q5 ciing<br />
1 11<br />
thudc locii trung binli, diic biet la khci nang hap phu nucre '•' J<br />
khi ng.im cao, ngoai ra gao Q5 ed gia thanh re hem nen 2 1. 1.5 14.5 •<br />
tdt nli.it l.i diing g.io Q5 de s.in xu.it tinh bdt g.io.<br />
3.2. Nghien ciru che do lam sach gao thich hop nhat<br />
Thi nghiem ducre tien h.inli nhir sau: G.io dupe can<br />
3<br />
4<br />
1 :2<br />
<br />
1 : 2.5 17.5<br />
1 1<br />
5 1 : .•^ 17.5 •^<br />
chinh xac sd lucpng sau dd dupe rira bang nude, su dung<br />
may khuay va 1\' tcim tcieh nucic. Ket qu.i eho thay, sau 4 Ket qua tir bang 3 cho thay: vdi triing luong nmic<br />
Ian rua vdi ty le nude diing so vdi gao la 1:1 thi dp due ngam gao gap hai Ian trpng lupng gao la dii de ngam<br />
ciia nude rira cdn rat cao (OD=2,42). Vcri ty le nucre dimg gao, ty le nucic hci'p thu dcit kit quti tcSi uu (17,57o).<br />
la 1,5 so vcii gcio thi do due eiia nucic rua ed gicim di b) Anh hucrng ciia nhiet dp nude ngam gao den thdi<br />
nhung van cdn cao (OD=l,62). Vcri lucmg nude dung gian ngam<br />
gap ddi so \'di gao, do due eiia nucic rua da giam di dang De thue hien qua Irinh xay duac thuan Ipri, gao can<br />
ke chi cdn OD=0,82. Vcri lucmg nuire rua Li 2,5 va 3 Ian dircK ngcim nuire dii thiri gian d l toan bd hat tinh bdi ciia<br />
so vai gao sau 4 Ian rua OD eiia nucic rua chi cdn Li 0,24 gao deu hiit du nucic va treV nen m i m , khi ed luc tae<br />
Vci 0,18. Nucre rua g.in nhu Li trong, g.io d.i dircTC rua ddng Vcio cac licit nay diriK tach ra mdt cieh de dang.<br />
sach. Tuy nhien de tiet kiem nucre v.i tiet kiem ccing rira Dich bdt thu du