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Nghiên cứu: Ảnh hưởng của vi khuẩn cố định đạm burkholderia tropicalis & B. tropica, phân đạm vô cơ, phân bón lá đến năng suất và chất lượng trái khóm trồng trên đất phèn huyện Tân Phước tỉnh Tiền Giang - Trần Thanh Phong, Cao Ngọc Diệp

Chia sẻ: Huynh Tu Uyen | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:6

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Nghiên cứu: Ảnh hưởng của vi khuẩn cố định đạm burkholderia tropicalis & B. tropica, phân đạm vô cơ, phân bón lá đến năng suất và chất lượng trái khóm trồng trên đất phèn huyện Tân Phước tỉnh Tiền Giang nhằm mục tiêu đánh giá hiệu quả vi khhuẩn cố định đạm burkholderia tropicalis & B. tropica trong canh tác cây khóm trồng trên đất phèn huyện Tân Phước, tỉnh Tiền Giang.

 

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Nội dung Text: Nghiên cứu: Ảnh hưởng của vi khuẩn cố định đạm burkholderia tropicalis & B. tropica, phân đạm vô cơ, phân bón lá đến năng suất và chất lượng trái khóm trồng trên đất phèn huyện Tân Phước tỉnh Tiền Giang - Trần Thanh Phong, Cao Ngọc Diệp

  1. KHOA HOC CdNG NGHE AIMH HUQIMG CUA VI KHUAIM CO DflMH DAIVI Burkhalderia trapicalis & B. tropica, PHAIM DAIVI V d CQ, PHAIM BOIM LA DEIM IMAIMG SUAT VA CHAT LUOIMG T R A I KHOIVI TROIMG TREIM DAT PHEIM HUYEIM TAIM PHUQC, TIIMH TIEIM GIAIMG Trin Thanh PhongS Cao Ngpc Didp^ T6MTAT Danh gia anh huong cua bdn d6ng vi khuan c6 djnh dam Burkholderia tropicalisva B. tropicaket hop vod cac beu luong phan dam hoa hoc va phan bon la cho cay khom trong tren dat phen xa Hung Thanh va Thanh My, huyen Tan Phuoc, tinh Tien Giang tir nam 2008 den 2011. Ket qua cho thay phan sinh hoc c6 ehua 4 dong vi khuan cd dinh dam da tac dong tich cue den sinh truong, phat trien cua cay khom, lam tang thanh phan nang suat, nang suat, chat luong trai khom. Sir dung phan sinh hoc ciing vol 150 kg N/ha cho nang suat tuong duong voi nghiem thiic khom chi bon 300 kg N/ha. Bon phan sinh hoc lam giam duoc 50% lugng phan dam hoa hoc va tang chat luong trai khom. TIT kh6a; Cay khom, chat luong, nang suat, phan sinh hoc. LOATVANDE nhirng nim gan diy ludn diing d miic cao lim cho chi phi dau tu sin xuat khdm ting, lim giam thu Khdm {Ananas comosus L.) la cay in qua nhiet nhap trong canh tic khdm. ddi cd gia tq kinh td cao. dupe diing dd in tuoi hoac che bien phuc vu cho tidu diing trong nude vi xuat Ngiy nay. nhidu nghidn cuu trong vi ngoii nude khau. Ciy khdm dupe trdng phd bien b cic nude cho thay hidu qui ciia nhirng loii vi khuan ed ich nhidt ddi. 6 nude ta, khdm dupe trdng trdn nhidu trong quin ly siu bdnh hoac giup eay trdng ting viing sinh thii tir Bic den Nam, ke ea tren nhCmg trudng, han ehd lupng phan bdn hda hpc nhu cic loii viing dat ddi niii hay d viing dat phen ciia ddng bang vi khuan phin lip tir trong ciy liia, bip, mia. khdm, sdng Ciru Long, tap trung b cic tinh Tien Giang, chudi... Long An, Ci Mau, Hau Giang, Kien Giang. Tien Viec img dung vi khuan cd ich vio sin xuat dudi Giang li tinh cd dien tich trdng khdm Idn, vdi hon dang che pham sinh hpc nhim han ehd lupng phin 11.811 ha (Phdng Ndng nghiep vi PTNT huyen Tan dam hda hpc, giam nguy ca 6 nhidm thuc pham. vira Phudc. tinh Tidn Giang. 2010). ehidm trdn 50% didn than thien vdi mdi trudng li nhu cau thidt thuc trong tich trdng khdm eua ddng bang sdng Cuu Long didu kien canh tic hien nay. Vi vay. mue tidu ciia thi (Vien Cay in qua mien Nam. 2011). nghiem li dinh gii hidu qua vi khuan cd djnh dam Thire te li trdng khdm mang lai hieu qua kinh te Burkholderia tropicalis va B. tropica trong canh tic cao vi nhu cau khdm trong nude vi xuat khau khong ciy khdm trdng tren dat phen huyen Tan Phudc, tinh ngimg tang len ndn dien tich khdm cung gia tang Tien Giang. theo timg nam. De tang sin lupng vi ning suit L VAT L P VA PHUONG PHAP khdm. nong din thudng sir dung nhieu phin bdn. 1. Vit lidu thi nghidm nhat li phin dam. Song viec bdn phin dam qui Thi nghiem dupe thuc hien tir nim 2008 den nhieu d i lim du lupng nitrat nhieu trong trii khdm. nam 2011 tai xa Hung Thanh vi xi Thanh My eua lim giam pham chat eua khdm. anh hudng den sue huyen Tan Phudc, tinh Tien Giang. khde ngudi tieu diing vi anh hudng xau den vide xuat khau. Hon nira, gia phan bdn hda hpc trong - Dat thi nghiem li viing dat thap, ehuyen canh cay khdm, thupc nhdm dat phen cd PHKCI dat tir 3,5 den 4,0, him lupng N tdng sd khi eao (0,35%) nhung 'Trung tam Khuyen nong - Khuyen ngu. tinh Tien Giang him lupng lin de tieu thap (4.15mg/100g dat). him 'Vi?n NC&PT Cong ngh? Sinh hpc. D^i hpc Can Tho NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011 2f
  2. KHOA HOC C O N G N G H E lupng kali trao ddi khi (115 mg K/kg), chat hihi co khuyen eio eua nhi san xuat. Dich vi khuan dupe cao (14,45%). pha rieng va dugc tudi ngay sau khi tudi phan bdn la - Bdn ddng vi khuan cd dinh dam Burkholderia vi phin hda hoc. tropicalis vi Burkholderia tropica su dung trong thi * Lugng nude dugc sir dung d cic nghidm thirc nghiem dupe chpn Ipe tir nhirng ddng vi khuan cd deu bang nhau. Nhirng nghidm thire khdng tudi vi kha nang ed dinh dam eao (Tran Thanh Phong va khuan hoac phan bdn li dugc bd sung bing nude la. Cao Ngpc Didp, 2011 [dang in]) dupe nhan nudi Thi nghidm duge tudi chu yeu tir nude mua va trong moi trudng LGI (Cavaleante vi Dobereiner, nude trir lai trong cic muong dgc theo cic lip trdng. 1988) den khi mat sd te bio >10^ efu/ml (cap 1) vi Mat dd trdng tren hep li 25.000 cay/ha vdi khoang trong dung dich 10% dudng -i- mdt it khoing trung, vi each hing doi 40 x 70 cm. Bao ve thuc vat tiiy vao lupng trong 34 ngay trong cic thiing ed dung tich dieu kien ed dich hai hay khdng. 100-L (cap 2), hon hpp niy dupe xem li phin sinh hpc [dangdich]. b. Chi deu theo ddi Cic chi tieu nong hgc: sd li/ciy, chieu dii la, - Gidng khdm Queen di dupe trdng nhieu nam chieu rpng la luc khdm 12 thing tudi vi khi thu tai dia phuong dugc sir dung lim thi nghiem, khdi hoaeh; chieu eao ciy, khdi lupng li, sd li, kich thudc, lupng chdi tir 150 den 200 gr/ciy. khdi lupng trii, ning suat, chat lupng trai (dp brix, 2. Phuong phip thi nghidm him lupng nitrat, axit huu ea) duge ghi nhan liie thu a. Bo tri thi nghiem hoaeh. Mdi ehi tieu thuc hien 20 mau, ning suat Hai thi nghiem ngoii ddng dupe bd tri theo dupe tinh tren toin 16 thi nghiem. Sd lieu duge phan the thire khdi hoin toin ngau nhien, 4 Ian lap lai, 8 tich thdng ke theo chuong trinh SAS, gii trj trung nghidm thire, mdi Ian lap lai la Id ed dien tich 50 m^. binh dugc so sinh sir khae biet bing kiem djnh Phan sinh hpc [gdm 4 ddng vi khuan di trinh biy d Duncan vdi mire dd 5%. phan tren] ciing 4 lieu lupng phan dam (0, 75, 150, H. KET QUA VA THAO LUAN 300 kg N/ha) so sinh vdi 2 loai phin bdn li ban tren 1. Anh hudng ciia phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda thi trudng li Komix TS9 vi Fofer Fish; ddi chiing ehi hpc vi phin bdn li Idn su phit tridn cua ciy khdm dupe bdn phin dam vo ea (300 kg N/ha). Td hpp phan bdn trong 8 nghidm thire nhu sau: a. Thdi diem cay khdm 12 thang tuoi NT 1: 300 kg N/ha; NT 2: Phan sinh hpc*; NT 3: Cd su phit trien khdng ddng deu ve sinh trudng Phan sinh hpc -t- 75 kg N/ha; NT 4: Phin sinh hpc -i- cua eay khdm giQa cic nghiem thiic thi nghiem. Ket 150 kg N/ha; NT5: Phan sinh hpc + 75 kg N/ha + qua quan trie sd la, chieu dii, chieu rdng la cho thay Kombc TS9 (8 lit/ha/4 Ian tudi); NT 6: Phin sinh hpc cd sir khac biet cd y nghla thdng ke giira cic nghiem + 150 kg N/ha + Kombc TS9 (8 lit/ha/4 Ian tudi); NT thirc (Bang 1). Ngoii nghiem thire bdn phin sinh 7: Phan sinh hpc + 75 kg N/ha -i- Fofer Fish (8 hpc -1-150 kg N/ha (NT4) cd sd li/cay, chieu dii la lit/ha/4 Ian tudi); NT 8: Phan sinh hpc -i- 150 kg khdng khie biet ed y nghla so vdi ciy khdm bdn 300 N/ha + Fofer Fish (8 lit/ha/4 Ian tudi); Phan nen bdn kg N/ha (NTl, tiii nghiem d Hung Thanh). Cac 60 kg P2O5+ 200 kg K20/ha. nghiem tiiire ed sir dung phan bdn la khdng tiie hien ro sir khie biet vd sd la, chidu dai vi chieu rdng la Loai phan sir dung lim phan ndn li: Ure, Ian nhung li cd mau xanh sam hon. Q nghiem tiiiic chi nung chay Ninh Binh, KCl. bdn phan sinh hpc -h 75 kg N/ha (NT3) ciy khdm Thinh phan phin bdn li: sinh trudng kdm, sd li it, kich thude li nhd han cic + Kombc TS9: 3N, 8 P2O5, 2 K2O, vi luong. nghiem tiiuc bdn 150 kg N/ha (NT4) vi 300 kg N/ha + Fofer fish: 6 N, 1 P2O5, 6 K2O, vi lugng. (NTl) (Bang 1). Su phit trien eua bp la, nhat la sd la * Chung vi khuan cho cay khdm bang each hda tren ciy vio giai doan xir ly ra hoa cd tinh chat quydt vi khuan vio nude vi tudi deu khip len ciy vdi heu dinh den dd Idn cua trii, khdi lugng trii vi ning suat lupng 50 ml/eay/lan, tudi 4 Ian (45 ngiy/ Ian). Lan rudng klidm. Neu ciy ed it li thi se cho trii nhd, khdi dau tudi ngay sau khi trdng. Mat dp vi khuan lugng trai tiiap, ning suat tiiap (Hoing Minh, 2005). >10'efu/ml. Phan bdn li dupe pha diing ndng dp Do dd, vac 12 tiling sau khi ti-dng, ehi cd 50% sd cay 24 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011
  3. KHOA HOC CdNG N G H £ khdm cd 32 li trd len, du dieu kien de xir ly ra hoa vi phin sinh hpc bdn cho khdm cd the thay the 50% cho trii Idn (>1,3 kg/trii). lugng phin dam sir dung (150 kg/ha) mi khdng lim Tir kdt qua niy ed tiid nhan tii^y vai trd phin ^ ^ hudng ddn su sinh trudng eua cay, die biet li sd dam li yeu td quyet dinh den sinh trudng eua ciy vi la/cay. Bang 1. Anh hudng ciia phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda hpc vi phan bdn li l^n sd li, chidu dii li vi chidu rpng l i e i y didm d 12 thing tudi Nghiem Sd la tren eay. Chieu dai li (em) Chidu rdng li (cm) thirc HT TM HT TM HT TM NTl 34,40 ab 35,65 a 67,79 a 65,54 a 57.73 a 57,03 a NT2 27,40 e 29,90 d 56,47 d 58,77 d 49.33 d 53,62 cd NT3 29,45 d 30,60 d 60,21 e 59.92 ed 53.48 cd 54,93 bed NT4 34,05 b 33,30 b 65.06 b 63.94 ab 56.20 ab 55,14 abe NT5 31,40 c 32,20 c 59.35 c 60.53 bed 54.18 bed 53,23 d NT6 34,95 a 33,20 be 64,29 b 61.57 abed 54,94 c 54,15 bed NTT 32,05 c 32,55 be 59,20 c 58.60 d 53,49 cd 53,51 ed NTS 34,55 ab 33,80 b 66,55 ab 63.86 abe 55,07 be 55,55 ab CV(%) 1,84 2,48 2,76 4.43 2,87 2,93 Ghi chu: Nhung so cd cimg chu theo sau trong cimg mot cot thi khdng khac biet cd ynghia a mue 5%. TM: Diem thi nghiem axa Thanh My, HT: Diem thi nghiem axaHung Thanh Nhu vay, vi khuan ed dinh dam {Burkholderia thay: d nhimg nghiem thiic cd bdn phin sinh hpc va tropica vi B. tropicalis) dupe chimg cho khdm da phin bdn li, khi giam 50% lupng phin dam (150 kg hoat ddng tich cue vi mang lai hieu qui trdn ciy N/ha) khdng lim anh hudng den sinh trudng vi phit khdm, nhat li the hien d sd li. Ben canh dd, thi tridn ciia ciy khdm. nghidm ehua nhin thay sir khie biet ro rdt vd hieu Khdm dugc bdn 150 kg N/ha vi phin sinh hpc qua cua phin bdn li Komix vi Fofer Fish ddn sinh (NT4) ed chidu cao ciy, khdi lugng li khong khie trudng ciia eay khdm lue 12 thing tudi (Bing 1). biet vdi ciy khdm ehi bdn 300 kg N/ha (d didm Hung Thanh). Tuy nhi^n kdt qui d ci 2 dia diem thi b. Thdi diem thu hoaeh khdm nghidm (Bang 2) cho thay chieu cao eay khdm dat Bang 2. Anh hudng cua phin sinh hpc, phin dam eao nhait d nghidm thiic bdn phin sinh hpc -t-150 kg hda hpc vi phin bdn li Idn chidu cao ciy, khdi lupng N/ha -H Fofer Fish (NT8) vi khdi lugng li khdm eao li khi thu hoaeh ciia ciy khdm nhat d cic nghiem thuc bdn phin sinh hpc -hl50 kg Chieu cao cay (cm) Khdi lupng la (gr) N/ha + Kombc, phin sinh hpc -1-150 kg N/ha +Fofer •^ghiem Hung Thanh Hung Thanh Fish (NT6, NT8) vi khdng khie biet vdi ciy khdm thirc Thanh My Thanh My ehi bdn 300 kg N/ha (NTl). NTl Kich thude li ciing cho ket qui tuong tu nhung 100,45 ab 102,82 a 60,20 a 61,94 a chieu dii la dat cao nhat d cic nghidm thurc bdn phan NT2 88,65 c 85,86 c 53,27 b 54,07 d sinh hpc -1-150 kg N/ha, phan sinh hpc -H 150 kg N/ha NT3 90,35 c 97,60 b 54,44 b 56,34 be + Kombc, phin sinh hpc -t-150 kgN/ha -i- Fofer Fish NT4 98,35 ab 99,61 b 56,04 ab 57,46 b (NT4, NT6, NT8) vi ca ba nghidm thiic niy khdng NTS 95,88 b 96,17 b 54,75 b 55,79 c khie bidt ed nghla so vdi nghidm thiic ddi ehung (ehi NT6 100.92 a 98,35 b 60,02 a 61,32 a bdn 3(X) kg N/ha) tai ea 2 dia didm thi nghidm. NT7 97,74 ab 97,89 b 56,17 ab 57,24 b Khdng cd su khie bidt y nghla thdng kd vd chidu NTS 100,87 a 103,53 a 59,99 a 61,71 a rdng li giiia eae nghidm thire thi nghidm (Bang 3). CV(%) 2,42 1,41 2,90 1,61 Khi so sanh ket qua d cic cap nghidm thuc bdn Ghi chu: Nhung sd cd cung chir theo sau trong phin sinh hpc vi bd sung phin dam (75 vi 150 cung mot cot thi khdng khac biet cd ynghia a mue 5%. kg/ha), eiing vdi 2 loai phan bdn li (Kombc vi Fofer Kdt qui trong bang 2 trinh biy khi ning sinh Fish) cho thay ed khac biet vd sinh trudng ciia eay trudng cua ciy khdm tai 2 dia diem thi nghiem cho khdm, chu yeu li do lieu lupng phin dam sir dung vi NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011 25
  4. KHOA HQC CdNG NGHl hoat ddng tich cue ciia vi khuan. Cic nghidm thue cd Bang 4. Anh huong ciia phin sinh hpc, phin dam bdn phin sinh hpc, giam 50% lugng phin dam (150 hda hpc vi phin bdn li Idn chidu dii trii, dirdng kinh kg/ha) cho thay eay khdm van phat trien tuong duong trii khdm khi thu hoaeh vdi eay khdm ehi bdn 300 kg N/ha. Chieu dai trai (cm) Dudng kinh trai (cm) Nghidm Hung Thanh My Hung Thanh My Bing 3. Anh hudrng cua phin sinh hpc, phin dam Thanh thirc Thanh hda hpc vi phin bdn li Idn chidu dii li, chidu rdng li 10,91 a 10,61 a NTl 20,20 a 21,76 a khi thu h o ^ h ciia ciy khdm 10,74 a 10,12 b NT2 19,85 a 17,62 c Chidu dii li (em) Chieu rdng li (cm) NT3 19,30 a 18,11 c 10,75 a 10,15 b Nghidm Hung Thanh My Hung Thanh My NT4 19,90 a 19,90 b 10,97 a 10,81 a thuc Thanh Thanh NTS 19,60 a 19,08 b 10,89 a 10,24 b NTl 87,35 a 89,04 a 6,34 a 5,76 a NT6 19,85 a 20,85 a 10,94 a 10,71 a NT2 81,07 c 82,66 d 6,24 a 5,48 be NT7 19,70 a 19,72 b 10,94 a 10,64 a NTS 83,22 c 82,80 d 6,16 a 5,26 d NTS 19,50 a 21,52 a 10,97 a 10,68 a NT4 86,80 ab 85,63 ab 6,15 a 5,43 e CV(%) 3,75 3,25 1,85 1,95 NT5 83,80 ab 83,71 ed 6,14 a 5,48 be Ghi chu: NhOng so cd cimg chu theo sau trong NT6 86,35 ab 86,48 ab 6,28 a 5,57 be cimg mdt cot thi khdng khac biet cd ynghia amuc5%. NT? 84,50 abe 84,35 c 6,05 a 5,61 b Bang 5. Anh hudng cua phin sinh hpc, phan dam NTS 86,75 ab 86,75 ab 6,29 a 5,79 a hda hpc vi phin bdn li Idn khdi lugng trii vi nang CV(%) 2,06 0,99 4,51 1,73 su^t khdm (thdi didm thu hoaeh) Khdi lugng trai (kg) Nang suat (tan/ha) Ghi chu: Nhung sd cd ciing chir theo sau trong Nghi$m Hung Thanh My Hung Thanh My cung mdt cot thi khdng khac biet cd ynghia a miic 5%. thuc Thanh Thanh Tuy nhien, neu bdn phin sinh hpc mi khdng sir NTl 1,50 a 1,62 ab 40,20 a 40,44 a dung hoic sir dung lugng phan dam thap (75 kg/ha) NT2 1,24 d 1,29 c 36,20 c 33,25 d se khdng dii cung cap lugng dam can thiet cho su NT3 1,31 c 1,45 b 37,80 be 36,31 cd phit trien binh thudng cua ciy. Ket qua li eay khdm NT4 1,49 a 1,49 ab 39,45 ab 39,31 ab sinh trudng vi phit tridn kdm, sd li it, kich thude li NT5 1,38 b 1,49 ab 38,30 b 37,31 bed nhd, khdi lupng li thap. Vide bd sung phin bdn la NT6 1,50 a 1,63 ab 40,35 a 40,69 a Kombc vi Fofer Fish ehua thd hidn ro rdt hidu qua \tn NTT 1,37 b 1,51 ab 39,45 ab 37. 81 be sinh trudng ciia ciy khdm mac dii be mat li ed phu NTS 1,50 a 1,64 a 40,10 a 40.94 a Idp phan diy Gap sip) cd tac dung giiip khdm giim CV(%) 0,05 7,11 2,93 4,43 bde thoit nude qua li, chdng ehiu han tdt hon (trir Ghi chu: Nhung so cd cimg cha theo sau trong nghiem thiic ehung vi khuan ed dinh dam, sir dung Cling mdt cot thi khdng khac biet cd y nghla a mue 5%. 150 kg N/ha, Fofer Fish [NTS] giup cho chieu eao cay, khdi lugng li vi chieu dii la tuong duong ddi Khdi lugng vi ning suat trii khdm d cic nghidm chiing). thue ed bdn phin sinh hpc + 150 kg N/ha (NT4, NT6, NTS) ddu khdng khie bidt cd y nghla tiidng kd 2. Anh hudng cua phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda vi tuong duong cay khdm chi bdn 300 kg N/ha hpc vi phin bdn li Idn cic thinh ph4n ning su^t vi (bang 5). ning su^t khdm Kdt qua tir 2 dja didm tiii nghidm di ddn kdt luan Ket qua d bing 4 cho thay chieu dii, dudng kinh rang: bdn phan sinh hpc (chiia bdn ddng vi khuan cd trii khdm d cic nghidm thiic bdn phin sinh hpc •(•150 dinh dam Burkholderia tropicalis vi B. tropica) cd kg N/ha, phin sinh hpc •1-150 kg N/ha -i-Komix, phin did giam 50% lugng phin dam sir dung (150 kg/ha) sinh hpc •hl50 kgN/ha •••Fofer Fish (NT4, NT6, NTS) nhung van lam ting khdi lugng trii. kich tiiudc trai tuong duong ddi chiing tai di^m Thanh My. Tuy vi nang suat ti-ii tuong duong khdm bdn 300 kg nhidn ket qui tdng hgp tir 2 dia didm thi nghidm N/ha. Khdng cd sir khie bidt r5 ret giua cic nghidm khdng cho thay sir khie bidt ro ret vd chidu dii trii, tinie sir dung Fofer Fish vi Kombc cd sir dung phan dudng kinh trii giira eae nghion thiic. ndn vd khdi lugng ti-ai vi nkng suat (Bang 5). Nhu 26 NONG NGHIfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011
  5. KHOA HQC C 6 N G N G H £ vay, sir khie bidt d khdi lugng trai vi ning suat khdm din dia phuong (40 tan/ha) d vu 1 {So Ndng nghidp phu thude vio Ueu lugng phan dam sir dung vi hoat vi PTNT Tidn Giang, 2010). ddng eua vi khuan ed dinh dam, khdng phu thude 3. Hidu qui ciia phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda vio vide bd sung phin bdn li Kombc hoic Fofer Fish hpc vi phin bdn li Idn ch^t lugng trii khdm khi phin nen [60 kg PJOJ-H 200 kg K20/ha] dugc su dung ddng deu nhu nhau. Nang suat khdm eiia thi Chat lugng trii dugc dinh gii dua trdn dd ngpt nghidm eiing tuong duong vdi ning suat ciia ndng (dp brix), dp ehua (him lugng axit huu eg) vi du lugng nitrat tdn luu trong sin pham khi thu hoaeh. Bang 6. Hidu qua cua phin sinh hpc, phin dam hda hpc, phin bdn li trfin ch^t lugng trii khdm trdng trdn d^t phdn ciia huydn Tin Phudc tinh Tidn Giang Nghiem Do brix Nitrat (mg/kg) Axit hiru ca (meq HVlOOg) thirc HT TM HT TM HT TM NTl 17,35 be 16,95 b 5,85 2,99 10,43 13,33 NT2 16,88 cd 16,68 b 5,46 3,75 9,66 10,67 NT3 16,70 d 16,55 b 5,57 2,99 9,68 12,00 NT4 16,66 d 16,58 b 5,07 2,24 9,15 12,00 NTS 16,98 cd 16,63 b 5,42 2,24 10,09 12,00 NT6 17,15 cd 16,90 b 5,56 2,37 10,77 10,67 NT7 17,88 a 17,60 a 5,74 3,50 9,87 10,00 NTS 17,78 ab 17,70 a 5,16 3,75 10,03 11,33 CV(%) 0,49 0,51 4,03 3,59 2,91 3,25 Ghi chu: NhOng sd cd cimg chu theo sau trong ciing mdt cot thi khdng khac biet cd y nghla a miic 5%. HT: diem thi nghiem xa Hung Thanh, TM: diem thi nghiem xa Thanh My Dp brix trong trii khdm d ca 2 dia didm thi trong thjt khdm trdng d didm Hung Thanh cao gap nghidm dat eao nhat (17,60 - 17,88) trong hai ddi, tuy nhi^n, du lugng nitrat trong trii khdm thi nghiem thiic bdn phin sinh hpc vi phin bdn li Fofer nghidm cdn rat thap so vdi tidu chuan Bd Y td Vidt Fish (NT7 vi NTS) vi khac bidt ed y nghla thdng kd Nam (>200 mg/kg). Vi vay, ndu bdn phin sinh hpc so vdi cic nghidm thire edn lai. Theo Vu Cdng Hau hay phin dam hda hpc cich xa thdi gian thu hoaeh (1996), dp brix eua khdm bidn ddng tir 16 - 20, dp thi du lugng nitrat thap trong thjt khdm, an toin cho brix ciia khdm trong thi nghidm niy khdng khie bidt ngudi tidu diing vi du tidu chuan xuat khau. Tir vi dip ling ydu cau vd dp ngpt eua khdm xuat khau nhung kdt qua di dat dugc, edng thuc phin bdn tdi hay in tuoi. Him lupng axit hiru ca trong trai khdm it uu cho qui trinh canh tac khdm trdn vimg dat phen khac biet giira cic nghidm thire thi nghidm, ca 2 dia huydn Tan Phudc, Tidn Giang li bdn phan sinh hpc, diem thi nghiem ddu cho thay him lupng axit hiru ca bd sung 150 kg N, 60 kg P2O5 vi 200 kg KjO/ha. trong trii khdm thap d cac nghidm thuc khdng bdn IV.KETLUANVADENGH! phin dam hda hpc vi him lugng phin dam thap (75 l.Kdtluin kg N/ha), khdm bdn nhidu phin dam hda hgc ed dp - Su dung phan sinh hpc mang 4 ddng vi khuan ehua cao. Nhu vay, phin sinh hgc gdp phan lim cho Burkholderia tropicahs va Burkholderia tropica (10' thjt khdm it ehua, ngpt nhidu so vdi thit khdm ehi cfu/ml) vdi Ueu lugng 50 ml/ciy, tudi 4 lan cho bdn phin dam hda hpc. Khi khao sit dd ehae thjt khdm lim giam 50% lugng dam su dung (150 kg/ha) trii, miu sic trii cho thay chiing deu cd miu ving nhung khdi lugng trii, kich thudc trii vi ning su^t sang dep, rao nude tuy nhien khdm dugc bdn nhieu trai tuang duong bdn 300 kg N/ha. phin dam hda hpc (NTl), trii khdm cd nhidu nude - Su dung phan sinh hpc mang 4 ddng vi khuan hon vi nude ri ra b6n ngoii. Burkholderia tropicalis va Burkholderia tropica (10' 'Kdt qua phin tich him lugng nitrat tdn luu trdn efu/ml, Udu lugng 50 ml/ciy, tudi 4 lan) -H 150 kg N -H sin pham cho thay kdt qui rat khac nhau d 2 dja 60 kg P205-H 200 kg K20/ha li cong tiiire tdi uu cho diem thi nghidm, trong khi lupng nitrat trong trii cay khdm trdng trdn dat phen d huydn Tin Phudc, khdm trdng d diem Thanh My thap thi lupng nitrat tinh Tidn Giang. N6NG NGHIfP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THCN - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011 27
  6. KHOA HOC CONG NGHE - Khdng ed sir khie biet ve ning suat khdm Mutiiukumarasamy, G. Revatiii, C. giiia phan bdn la Komix, Fofer Fish vi phan sinh hpc Lakshminarasimhan, 2006. Improved yield of + phan bdn NPK. mieropropagated sugarcane foUowing inoculation by 2. Dd nghj endophytic Burkholderia vietnamiensis. Plant Soil - Ung dung 4 ddng vi khuan ed dinh dam 280: 239-252. Burkholderia tropicahs vi B. tropica lam phan bdn 6. Hoing Minh, 2005. Sd tay ky tiiuit trdng va sinh hpc bdn cho khdm nhim giam lugng phan dam cham sdc mdt sd ehung, loai cay an qua. NXB LD- hda hpc trong san xuat khdm, giiip tang chat lupng XH, tr.84-10. trai khdm vi gdp phin lam giam d nhidm mdi trudng. 7. Phdng Ndng nghidp va PTNT huydn Tan Phudc, 2010. Bao cao tdng ket Nganh ndng- lam- ngu - Nghien ciru de irng dung cac ddng vi khuan nghidp huydn Tan Phudc, tinh Tien Giang. ngay tir the dich sang the vien de dd sir dung hon. 24/11/2010. TAI UEU THAM KHAO 1. Baldani, J. I., B. Pot, G. Kirchhof, E. Falsen, V. 8. Reis, V. M., P. Estrada-de los Santos. S. L. Baldani, F. L. Olivares, et al., 1996. Emended Tenorio-Salgado, J. Vogel, M. Stoffels, 8. Guyon, P. description of Herbaspirillum, inclusion of Mavingui, V. L. D. Baldani. M. Sehmid, J. I. Baldani, [Pseudomonas] rubrisubalbicans, a mild plant J. Balandreau. A. Hartmann, and J. CabaUero- pathogen, as Herbaspirillum rubrisubalbicans comb, MeUado. 2004. Burkholderia tropica sp. nov.. a novel nitrogen-fixing, plant-associated bacterium. Int. J. nov., and classification of a group of clinical isolates Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 54:2155-2162. (EF group 1) as Herbaspirillum species 3. Lnt J. Syst Bacteriol 46: 802-810. 9. Rovira, A. D., 1991. Rhizosphere research, 85 2. Cao Ngpc Diep, 2005. Anh hudng etia chiing years of progress and frustration. In D. L Keister vi khuan not rd va vi khuan Pseudomons spp. tren and P. B. Cregan (Eds.). The Rhizosphere and plant lua eao san trdng trdn dat phii sa Can Tha. Tap chi growth (pp.3-13). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Nghien ciiu Khoa hpc. Trudng Dai hpc Can Tha. 3: 1- Kluwer Academic PubUshers. 7. 11. Tran Thanh Phong va Cao Ngpc Diep, 2011. Phin lap vi nhan dien vi khuan npi sinh trong cay 3. Cao Ngpc Diep, Tran Thanh Phong, vi Tran khdm {Ananas comosus L.) trdng tren dat phen Thi Giang, 2009. Phan lap vi tuyen chpn vi khuan huyen Tin Phudc. Tidn Giang. Tap ehi Cdng nghd hda tan lin vi tdng hgp lAA Pseudomonas sp. Tap Sinh hpc, Vien Khoa hoc va Cong nghd Viet Nam. chi Ndng nghidp vi PTNT. Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat [Dang in] trien Nong tiidn. 9:32-35. 11. Vidn Ciy in qua mien Nam, 2011. Bio cic 4. Cavaleante V. A. and J. Dobereiner, 1988. A kinh te ky thuat nhan gidng khdm Queen huydn Tan new acid - tolerant nitrogen fixing bacterium Phudc tinh Tien Giang. associated with sugarcane. Plant Soil 108: 23-31. 12. Vu Cong Hau. 1996. Trdng ciy in qui d Vidt 5. Govindarajan, M., J. Balandreau, R. Nam. Nhi xuat ban Ndng nghiep. 185-213. EFFECn^ OF NITROGEN - FIXING BURIOIOIDERIA TROPICAUSAND B. TROPICA STRAINS. INORGANIC NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND FOLIAR- FERTILIZER TO PINEAPPLE YIELD AND QUALITY FRUIT CULTIVATED ON ACID SULFATE SOIL OF TAN PHUOC DISTRICT, TTEN GIANG PROVINCE Tran Thanh Phong, Cao Ngoc Diep Summary Evaluate effect of the four nitrogen- fixing Burkholderia tropicalis and B. tropica strains together with inorganic nitrogen fertiUzer levels and foliar- fertilizer to pineapple cultivated on acid sulfate soil of Hung Thanh and Thanh My viUage. Tan Phuoc district, Tien Giang province during 2008-2011. The results showed that bio-fertiUzer had strongly effect to growing, yield component, pineapple yield and quabty fruit. Using bio-fertilizer plus 150 kg N/ha did not differ with pineapple applying of 300 kg N/ha treatment. The bio-fertilizer was a kind of good fertiUzer which saved 50% chemical nitrogen fertiUzer and improved quaUty fruit. Keywords.- Pineapple, quality, crop yield, bio-fertilizer Ngudi phan bidn: TS. Biii Huy Hidn 28 NONG NGHIEP VA PHAT TRIEN NONG THON - KY 2 - THANG 6/2011
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