Tăng cường vai trò hỗ trợ của Nhà nước trong xuất khẩu thủy sản

Eg NGHllN cdu-TRAO Ddi<br /> <br /> Tang cifdng vai tro h6 trd cua<br /> Nha nildc trong xuat khau thuy san<br /> • ThS. T R A N QUd'c TRUNG iuii s;in cd cdng sudt may tU Chinh phu dd phd duyet De a<br /> Dai hpc Ngoai thUtfng t^l 40CV trd len 30% klnh phi mua Phat tridn sdn xudt vd tieu th<br /> bdo hldm than tau va 100% klnh ca tra vung DBSCL den ndm<br /> TP.HCM<br /> phi mua bdo iiiem lai n a n cho 2020, bao gdm quy hoach la<br /> thuyen vien lam vice llieo hdp vung sdn xuat vd tidu thu sd<br /> 1. M$t s6 bi^n phdp hS trp ddng lao d^ng. p h a m , cdeh thUc xdy dUng v<br /> cua Nha nUtfc trong thdi gian Chinh sdcli ho IrqJ ve chi phi h o a n thidn he thdng ha tan<br /> qua ddnh bdt dd tao dieu kien cho vung nudi ciing cdng tdc thdn<br /> ngu ddn yen tam ddnh bat vd cd ke, du bdo. Cdc tinh thanh co<br /> a. Ho trg ve ddnh bdt, nuoi<br /> ngudn klnh phi trang trdi nhUng n g d n h nudi trdng thuy san<br /> trdng thuy sdn:<br /> p h d t trien (Ben Tre, Ca Mau<br /> thiet hai do riii ro khi di bien vd<br /> Hd trd cho hoat ddng ddnh bdt Ninh T h u a n , Khdnh Hda, Phi<br /> tiep tuc dUa tdu di khai thdc dat<br /> thuy hdi sdn Yen, Qudng Ninh...) cung da co<br /> hieu qud, gdp phdn gia tdng sdn<br /> Theo Quyet dinh sd quy h o a c h vung chuydn canh<br /> lUdng ddnh bdt n a m 2009 vd<br /> 2 8 9 / 9 D - T T g ngdy 2 5 / 4 / 2 0 0 8 thiiy sdn nhUng qud trinh trien<br /> 2010 binh quan 10%/ndm. NgU<br /> ciia Thii tUdng Chinh phii ve khal thUc hien quy hoach dang<br /> dan trdn todn qud'c da dUde ho<br /> viec hd trd ngU d a n vd Quyet g a p khd k h a n bdi tap quan<br /> trd vdi ddu 2.266 ty ddng, so<br /> dinh sd 965/QD-TTg ngdy nudi trdng nhd le vd sU thie'u<br /> tidn dUdc gidi ngdn de hd trd<br /> 2 1 / 0 7 / 2 0 0 8 sufa ddi, bd sung thUc tudn thii quy hoach ciia<br /> bdo hiem than tdu Id 21 ty ddng,<br /> Quyet dinh 289/QD-TTg, Chinh ngUdi ddn.<br /> ho trd bdo hiem tai n a n thuyen<br /> phii hd trd ngU d a n vd vd'n vd Ve ddm bdo ngudn thufc an<br /> vidn 14,2 ty ddng. Tuy nhidn,<br /> chi phi d d n h bdt: nudi trdng thuy sdn, cdc chinh<br /> chinh sdch ho tr(? ve vdn chUa<br /> Hd trd ve vdn dUdc thUc hien sdch hd trd cua Nhd nUdc chif<br /> d a t dUdc ket qud mong mudn,<br /> dudi 2 hinh thUc: Ho trd mua mdi, chu trpng vdo linh vUc nay. Vie<br /> mUc ho trd chUa thUe sU khuyen<br /> ddng mdi tau ddnh bat hdi sdn cd thieu quy hoach vd chinh sach<br /> khich ngu ddn ddng nhidu tdu<br /> cdng suat mdy tU 90CV trd Idn d hqJp ly de phdt trien nguon<br /> cdng suat Idn dd ddnh bdt xa bd<br /> mUc 70 trieu d d n g / t d u / n d m vd nguyen lieu dd Idm cho nganh<br /> \ i vd'n ddu tU tdu tU 90CV trd Idn<br /> hd trd thay mdy tdu sang loai che' bien thUc an thuy san phu<br /> het khodng 3 ty ddng, trang bi<br /> mdy mdi tidu hao it nhien lieu thudc nhieu vdo nguydn lieu NK<br /> mdt mdy mdi khodng 1,5 ty<br /> hdn tu 10 - 18 trieu/mdy/ndm gdy dnh hUdng tieu cUc de'n gi<br /> ddng cdng vdi chi phi chay tdu<br /> tuy theo cdng suat. thUc a n vd gid thiiy sdn XK. Tin<br /> hdng ngdy Id rd't Idn. Sau gdn 01<br /> Hd trd chi phi ddnh bat: Hd den cudi ndm 2010, cd nifdc c<br /> ndm trien khal. so tdu cd ddng<br /> trd ve ddu cho ngU ddn Id chu sd 89 nhd mdy che' bid'n thufc a<br /> mdi cd cdng suat trdn 90CV<br /> hUu tdu ddnh bdt hdl sdn hoac chdn nudi thiiy sdn, sdn Wdn<br /> dUdc n h d n hd trd chi la 2 tdu;<br /> tdu cung Ung dich vu cho boat trung binh khodng 2,4 trieu ta<br /> sd mdy tdu mdi dUdc ho trd thay<br /> ddng khal thdc hdi sdn 20 - 30 thUc a n chdn nudi thu<br /> mdi Id 3 tdu.<br /> trieu d d n g / n d m vd chia thdnh 3 s d n / n d m ; tuy nhidn de sdn xua<br /> - 5 ddt tuy theo cdng suat tdu; Hd trg cho hoat ddng nudi dUdc khdl lUdng thUc an nay, ca<br /> dong thdi, hd trd chi phi bdo trong thuy sdn DN phdi NK gan 1 trieu ta<br /> hiem t h a n tdu cho tdu ddnh bdt Ngdy 4 / 1 2 / 2 0 0 9 , Thu tUdng nguydn lieu. Gid thUc dn nu6<br /> <br /> 8 1 THUONG M9I So 9/2012<br />  NGHIEN COU-TRAO OOl<br /> <br /> dieu kien cho DN XK Viet Nam<br /> vay vd'n.<br /> Theo Nghi dinh 1 5 1 / 2 0 0 6 /<br /> ND-CP, DN nUdc ngoai mudn<br /> difdc VDB cho vay vdn de mua<br /> hang hda ciia DN Viet Nam thi<br /> phdi dUdc ngan hang trung Udng<br /> nudc dd bdo lanh. Neu DN NK<br /> ndo dap Ung dUdc dieu kien nay<br /> thi cd nhieu lUa chpn ve ndi vay<br /> vd'n, do do nghiep vu nay d VDB<br /> khdng phat trien.<br /> Bdo hiem tin dung XK<br /> Bdo hiem tin dung XK la hinh<br /> thdc tin dung XK rat phd bien d<br /> trdng thiiy sdn trong nUdc dUdc Quyet dinh sd 3535/QD- cac nUdc phat trlen. khodng<br /> Udc tinh Id cao hdn cdc nUdc BNN-QLCL ngdy 1 0 / 1 2 / 2 0 0 9 80% kim ngach XK cua DN d cdc<br /> trong khu vUc 15 20%. Bdn Cdng bd danh muc cdc chi tidu nUdc ndy dUdc bdo hiem. De DN<br /> canh dd, theo Thdng tU so chi dinh kiem tra Id hdng thiiy manh dan md rdng, tham nhdp<br /> 216/2009/TT-BTC, tU ngdy sdn XK vd tiep dd Id Thdng tU cdc thi trUdng mdi, boat ddng<br /> 1/1/2010, thue' suat thue NK 78/2009/TT-BNN Quy dinh vd XK thuy sdn cdn dUdc bdo hiem<br /> bap, bdt cd, bdt thit xUdng tang kiem tra, lay mdu kiem nghiem nhdng tdn thdt tU nhdng riii ro<br /> 0 5%, ddu cd tang tU 5% Idn Id hdng thiiy san. phdt sinh tU ly do chinh tri,<br /> 7%, bdt mi tang tU 10% Idn 15%. thUdng mai.<br /> Cdc quyet dinh ndy dd k h a c<br /> Viec gla tang thue dd gay dp lUc phuc dUdc tinh trang gian Idn d. Ho trg xuc tien thiictng<br /> tang gid len thUe an nudi trong vd c a n h t r a n h khdng l a n h mai thuy sdn:<br /> thiiy sdn, Idm suy gidm nang lUc m a n h ciia cdc DN XK trong viec Hoat dpng cua thildng vu<br /> canh tranh ciia thuy sdn XK. tinh todn khdi lUdng thiiy sdn Cdc thUdng vu da bUdc dau<br /> b. Dam bao chdt Itidng thuy XK; ddng thdi Id cdc cdn cU de cung cap thdng tin thi trUdng vd<br /> sdnXK cd quan qudn ly nhd nUdc kiem tu van cho DN XK thuy sdn Viet<br /> Nham ddm bdo chat lUdng tra chat lUdng thiiy sdn XK ciia Nam thdng qua cdng giao tid'p<br /> thiiy sdn XK, tao uy tin ddi vdi DN theo quy dinh ciia thi dien tU ciia Bd Cdng ThUdng.<br /> cdc ddi tdc NK Bd Ndng nghiep trUdng XK. Tuy nhidn. thdng tin thUdng vu<br /> va Phdt trien Ndng thdn da ban c. Hd trg tdi chinh cho XK cung cap vdn cdn manh mun vd<br /> h d n h van ban: thuy sdn khdng deu dan; chUa hUdng d a n<br /> Theo Ngan hdng Phdt trien cu the cho DN tim kiem khdch<br /> Quyet dinh 0 1 / 2 0 0 8 / Q D -<br /> Viet Nam (VDB), doanh sd cho hang vd am hieu quy dinh ciia<br /> BNN Quy dinh ve ghi nhdn, ma<br /> DN XK thuy sdn vay trong giai phdp luat, tap qudn kinh doanh<br /> b a n g vd sU dung phu gia thUc<br /> doan 2006 2010 mac dd dao tai cdc thi trUdng XK.<br /> p h a m trong chd' bien sdn p h a m<br /> cd ddng lanh, quy dinh rd, trdn ddng qua cdc nam, nhUng vdn d Hdi chd vd cdc hoat dpng khde<br /> n h d n h a n g h d a p h a i the h i e n chiem ty le cao trong tdng doanh Trong k h u d n khd ChUdng<br /> cd khdl lUdng thUc eiia cd vd sd cho vay; vdn tin dung XK do trinh Xiic tie'n thUdng mai qudc<br /> tdng khdi lUdng sdn pham, hdm VDB cho vay thudng chiem 35 gia giai doan 2006 2010, Hiep<br /> lUdng phu gia thUe p h a m vd 60% kim ngach XK thiiy sdn. hdi Che b i e n vd XK thiiy s d n<br /> dac biet Id ty le m a bang khdng Hien cd trdn 60% DN XK thiiy Viet Nam (VASEP) dd dUdc giao<br /> dUde vUdt qud 10% ddi vdi sdn sdn hdng ddu c i a Viet Nam cd chii tri nhidu chUdng trinh de<br /> p h a m XK sang cdc thi trUdng quan he tin dung vdi VDB. giup dd hdi vidn tiep can<br /> chUa cd quy dinh. Bien phdp cho vay XK dd tao thi trUdng XK, quang bd<br /> THUONG MAI S5 9/2012 1 9<br /> i<br />  NGHIINCOU-TRAODOI<br /> <br /> hinh d n h vd tim kiem phd ve khoa hpc cdng nghe dupc phep khal thdc, de hUdng<br /> k h d c h hang. Irong Unh vifc thiiy sdn; ddng ddn ngu ddn thUc hien dUng<br /> Mac du mdt nguon kinh phi thdi l)o sung linh vUc ddu tU nhUng quy dinh ciia luat phap<br /> ddng ke dd dUdc dau tU moi iif^liien cUu, phat Irieii cdng Vlpt Nam vd qudc te ve ddnh bat<br /> n a m nhUng cac loai hinh n^iie nudi trong, che bien thiiy thiiy sdn tren bien.<br /> chUdng trinh trong nhdng n a m liai .s;iii vao danh muc dU ;iii ThUc hlpn quy hoach triet de<br /> qua chUa cd sU ddi mdi mang dupc cap I ill dyng dau tU ciia khu vUc nudi trdng thiiy sdn<br /> tinh ddt pha de nan,!4 cao liieu Nha inf(>c dd tao dieu kidn ve theo vung, gdm nhidu tinh<br /> qud xiic tien XK ma vdn chu xoii cho boat cloiig ndy. t h a n h hodc tal tUng dia phUdng,<br /> yeu la hd trd kinh phi cho DN Hinh t h a n h thj IrUdng tieu dl kem vdi quy hoach cd sd hat<br /> di t h a m i«ia cac lioi chd. iioi thy trong nUdc on dinh dd giiip tdng phuc vu nudi trong th%<br /> nghi thiiy s a n tal nUdc iiiioai cho cdc DN trong nganh gidm sdn nhU: n a o vet, ddo mdi h€<br /> yd\ t r e n 90"ci kinh phi dUdc bdt sU phu thuOc vdo thj trUdng thdng k e n h mUdng ddm bdo<br /> c a p . Trong khi dd. mdt boat XK, tan dung dUpc tinh klnh td cung cap dii ngudn nUdc phuc<br /> ddng eunt* r a t quan trpng theo quy md va phdn tan dU(?c vu sdn xuat; xdy dUng kip thdi<br /> nhUng chUa dUdc quan l a m nil ro thdng qua cac bien phdp: he thdng kenh cdp nUdc, kenh<br /> thUc hien. dd la dUa cac khdch ThUc liif'u gidm thue thu n h a p thodt nUdc ridng biet cho tiJng<br /> h d n g hien cd va khdch hdng DN dd'i vdi cac DN vd thue gid vung nudi de b a n che dich<br /> tidm n a n g d e n Viet Nam dc tri gla tang ddi vdi thiiy sdn tidu b e n h . ddm bdo cung cap mtfc<br /> chUng kien qud trinh sdn xud't, thu trong nUdc, ddng thdi ddy nUdc trong ao phu hdp; dong<br /> che' bie'n thiiy sdn tai cdc DN m a n h cudc van ddng "NgUdi thdi xay dUng cdc tuyen diidng<br /> Viet Nam n h d m qudng bd hinh Viet Nam Uu tien dung h a n g giao thdng ndng thdn phuc vu<br /> d n h thiiy sdn Viet Nam. Viet Nam" sdn xuat vd ddi sdng ngUdi dan<br /> 2. Cdc bien phap t&ng ctfdng b. H o d n thi^n vd tdng trong vung quy hoach.<br /> stf hd trd cua Chinh phu trong cttdng cdc hien phdp hd trg Tdng cUdng cdng tdc ddm bdo<br /> thdi gian tdi: XK thuy san chdt lugng cho thuy sdn XK<br /> a. Ndng cao ndng liic cg.nh Hodn thien chinh sdch ho trp Ngdnh Ndng nghiep vd Phat<br /> tranh ngdnh XK thuy sdn ddnh bdt, nudi trdng thdy sdn trien ndng thdn tiep tuc thifc<br /> Viet Nam Chinh phii, Bd Ndng nghiep hien va ddi mdi cdc bien phap<br /> Khuyen khich DN thdnh lap vd Phdt trien ndng thdn cdn ddm bdo chat lUdng thuy san<br /> cdc trung tam, vien nghien cUu ddnh gid, nit klnh nghiem qud trong khdu nudi trdng, ddnh bat,<br /> thuy sdn thdng qua hd trd vd tin trinh thUc hien chinh sdch ho bao gdm:<br /> dung; tu van, ddo tao dpi ngii trd ddnh bdt, nudi trdng thiiy Trien khai cdc chUdng trinh<br /> cdn bd nghidn cUu cd trinh dp sdn dd sijfa ddi, hodn thien hdp ddo tao n a n g cao ky nang kiem<br /> cao, giup DN ket ndi vdi cdc td ly cdc bien phdp hd trd sau: sodt didu kien sdn xuat cho<br /> chUc, chuydn gia cd uy tin d Tap trung ddu tU cdc bien ngu d a n , DN che bie'n thiiy<br /> nUdc ngodi trong giai doan xay phdp ddm bdo an todn cho ngU sdn, cd quan qudn ly chat<br /> dUng ban ddu. Mat khde, Chinh ddn khi d d n h bdt, hp thdng lUdng, an todn ve sinh va thii y<br /> phii cdn trien khai xdy dUng de thdng tin lidn lac vd dU bdo thdi thiiy s d n cdc tinh thdnh phd ve<br /> dn phdt trien khoa hpc thuy sdn tiet chuan xdc de b a n che thlet a n t o d n ve sinh tdu cd, cang<br /> hudng vd DN tren cd sd lUa chpn hai cho ngudi ddn de gidm chi cd, chd cd, cd sd s a n xuat thufc<br /> mdt sd DN cd tidm lUc ve tdi phi, nil ro cho ngU ddn ddnh bdt a n , cd sd s d n xuat gidng, cd sd<br /> chinh, khoa hpc cdng nghe de xa bd thay cho cdc chinh sdch nudi trdng thiiy sdn, cdc dai ly<br /> phdi hdp vdi cdc vien nghien cUu hd trd vd tdi chinh. thu gom, bdo quan thuy san<br /> trong vd ngodi nUdc ddu tU Tiep tuc thUc hien tuyen sau thu hoach.<br /> nghidn cUu cdng nghe tao gidng, truyen cho ngU d a n ve cdc van Tang cUdng kiem tra, giam<br /> sdn xuat, che bie'n thuy sdn tidn bdn quy p h a m phdp ludt ciia sdt ciia Chi cue Thii y tai cac dia<br /> tien n h a t n h a m tao bUdc dot Viet Nam vd cdc nUdc ve vung phUdng ve chat lUdng gidng thuy<br /> 1 0 1 THOONG MAI S 5 9/2012<br />  NGHllNCOO-TRAOOOl<br /> <br /> sdn xuat thuy sdn la chUa that<br /> sU phu hgp.<br /> Day manh hoat dpng xdc<br /> tien XK thuy sdn<br /> Bd Cdng ThUdng can tang<br /> cUdng dan iU cho "ChUdng trinh<br /> Xuc tien tliifiJn^ mai qudc gia'<br /> hiiw^ nam. tap trung vao cac<br /> boat dpng:<br /> Ho trd DN nghien cUu thi<br /> trifdnj* va mua thdng tin bdo cdo<br /> thj trUdng tU eac Cty nghidn cUu<br /> thj trUdng cd uy tin de cung cap<br /> thdng tin cho DN XK thiiy sdn.<br /> Viec nghidn cUu thj trUdng rat<br /> tdn kem va khd khan do rdo cdn<br /> sdn d cdc cd sd cung cap gidng rdng thi trUdng XK sang cdc thi vd ngdn ngd vd tinh phUc tap<br /> cho ngudi nudi trdng; thUc hien trUdng mdi. De Idm dUdc didu ciia viec tien h d n h cdc khau<br /> kiem dinh chat lUdng, kiem dich ndy, VDB cdn trien khai xay trong qud trinh khdo sdt, xU ly<br /> gidng sdn xuat tai chd hoac dUdc dUng cd sd dU lieu vd nhd NK, so lieu; do dd, DN XK thuy sdn<br /> nhap tu cdc dia phUdng khde ve, he thdng dai ly tdc nghiep d ciia Viet Nam khdng the tien<br /> gidng dUdc Udm de bdn hodc san nUde ngodi de cung cap cdc dich hdnh ddc lap.<br /> ra cdc ao de nudi ddm bdo quy vu thu nd, thu thap thdng tin thi Lfu tidn cdc chUdng trinh ddn<br /> trinh, thii tuc kiem dich ddng trUdng; xay dUng cd che' tinh phi tiep cdc dodn DN tham quan,<br /> vat, s d n p h a m ddng vat, kiem bdo hiem vd bu dap thiet hai khdo sdt qud trinh nudi trong,<br /> tra ve sinh thii y. hdp ly, phd hdp vdi cam ke't ddnh bat vd che bien thiiy sdn<br /> Tridn khal thi diem md hinh qudc te. tai Viet Nam. ChUdng trinh ddn<br /> td chUe s d n xuat thiiy s d n theo Bd Tdi chinh cdn didu chinh tiep cdn dUdc thiet ke tren cd sd<br /> hudng t h d n h lap cac hdp tdc gidm thue suat thue NK cdc loai nghien cUu dac diem ciia dodn<br /> xa, td hdp tdc tU quan n h d m td nguyen lieu che bie'n thUc dn khdch de lap ke' hoach gidi<br /> chUe tu qudn ly, kiem tra, gidm nudi trdng thiiy sdn da dUdc dieu thieu, giao lUu tie'p xuc vdi cdc<br /> sdt vd con gidng ciing nhU cdng chinh tdng tU ngdy 0 1 / 0 1 / 2 0 1 0 DN Viet Nam cd tiem nang, phu<br /> tdc bdo ve mdi trUdng nudi vd nhu bdp (ngd), bdt cd, bdt thit hdp vdi dac diem ciia tUng dodn.<br /> cdc b i e n p h d p p h d n g chdng xUdng gidm tU 5% xudng 0%, Bdn canh dd, ndi dung chUdng<br /> dich b e n h ; ddng thdi b a n h d n h ddu cd tang tU 7% xudng 5%, bdt trinh ddn tiep cdn gidm bdt thdi<br /> Quy che qudn ly trong tUng mi tu 15% xudng 10% (mUc trUdc gism hdi hpp md tap trung hUdng<br /> viing nudi de ydu cdu cdc td khi tang thue suat) de gidm dp ddn cdc DN tham quan thUc te<br /> chUc, cd n h a n t h a m gla nudi lUc tang gid Idn thUc a n nudi viing nudi, nhd mdy che bien<br /> trdng trong khu vUc phdi cd trong thuy sdn, ndng cao nang ciia cdc DN XK dien hinh de tao<br /> trdch n h i e m c h a p h d n h . lUc canh tranh cho thuy sdn XK a n tUdng tdt vd chat lUdng thuy<br /> Hodn thien vd phdt trien chinh ve gid. Viec tang thue de gia sdn Viet Nam.<br /> sdch ho trd tdi chinh cho hoat tdng bdo hd n h a m phdt trien Ddu tu phdt trien he thd'ng<br /> ddng XK thuy sdn ngdnh sdn xuat thUc dn eho nudi thdng tin cua thUdng vu tai nUde<br /> VDB n h a n h chong hodn trdng thuy sdn id cdn thiet; tuy ngodi vd hd trd DN md van<br /> t h a n h thi diem nghiep vu tin nhidn, trong dieu kien XK mdi phdng dai dien hodc chi nhdnh,<br /> dung XK ciia n h a nUdc de trien phuc hdi sau tdc ddng eua khiing gian hdng trUng bdy sdn p h a m<br /> khai rpng rai, giiip DN XK thuy hodng kinh te todn cdu, viec thuy sdn tai mdt sd thi trUdng<br /> san manh dan tham nhap va md tdng thue NK cdc dau vdo cho XK chu lUc •<br /> THUONG MAI So 9/2012 I 1 1<br />