THAI D O XA HOI CUA DOANH NHAN<br />
DOI vol PHAT TRIEN KINH TE TH! TRUONG<br />
VA HOI NHAP QUOC TE CUA DAT NUOC<br />
Nguyin Thj Thanh Huyen, To Thuy Hanh<br />
Vien Tdm ly hgc.<br />
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TOM TAT<br />
Thdi dp quy dinh linh sdn sdng hdnh dpng cua con ngudi ddi vdi ddi tifpng theo<br />
mpt hudng nhdt dinh. Chinh vi vay, ddy Id mot trong nhdng ngi dung nghien edu<br />
khong the thieu cua de tdi: "Nghien ci'm mgt sd ddc diem tdm ly xd hgi cua doanh<br />
nhdn nude ta ". De ldi dd tien hdnh khdo sdt tren 640 doanh nhdn d 3 thdnh phd ldn<br />
gom: Hd Ngi, Dd Ndng vd thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh. Trong bdi vie't ndy, chiing toi<br />
trinh bdy kit qua nghien ci'ai ve: Thdi dp cna doanh nhdn ddi vdi phdt trien kinh tethi<br />
tiudng vd hpi nhdp quoc te ciia dd'i nUdc. Ke't qua dien tra cho thdy, nhung ngicdi<br />
tham gia nghien cdn dd the hien thdi dp ling hp tucmg ddi tich cue ddi vdi cdc chu<br />
truong, chinh sdch cua Ddng vd Nhd nifdc lien cpian di'n plidt trien kinh tethi trudng<br />
vd hpi nhgp quoc te qua viic hp ddnh gid khd cao nhCtng tdc dpng tich cite vd ddnh<br />
gid thdp hon cdc tdc dpng tieu cue cua kinh tethi trudng vd hpi nhgp qude te'di'n ddi<br />
sdng xd hpi vd con ngudi nude ta. Khi so sdnh giua cdc tiiu chi, chung toi nhdn thdy,<br />
CO mpt sd khdc biet co y nghia ve mat thdng ke trong ddnh gid vi cdc nhom khdch the<br />
theo gidi, Ida ludi, hgc vd'n, vung mien, logi hinh, nguon gde doanh nghiep...<br />
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H6i nhap kinh te' quoc te va khu vuc la xu th^ tS^t yeu cua n^n kinh te<br />
nu6c ta. Ciing vdi viec don nhan su kien nay, cac doanh nghiep noi chung se co<br />
ra't nhieu ca h6i phat trien, song dong th6i cung gap khong it thach thiic. Trong<br />
bdi canh nhu vay, viec cac doanh nhan nhin nhan va the hien thai do nhu the'<br />
nao dC'i v6i nhGng thuan Icfi va kho khan khi nirdc ta tham gia hOi nhap se co<br />
anh hucmg rat 16n khong chi den su binh 6n va phat trien kinh te' xa hoi ciia 6Kt<br />
nu6c trong giai doan hien tai ma ca trong nhftng giai doan phat trien tie'p theo.<br />
Xuat phat tiir each tie'p can nhir vay, trong bai vie't nay, chiing toi da tien hanh<br />
tim hidu thai d6 xa h6i cua doanh nhan tCr goc dp Ong hp hay phan d6'i mot s6' y<br />
kie'n xoay quanh v^n de hpi nhap kinh te' qude te' va khu vuc ciaa dat nu6c ta.<br />
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TAP CHI TAM L ? HOC, S 6 3 (156), 3 - 2012 79<br />
Dudi day la kdi qua khao sit thyc tidn vd vi'n dd ndu tren:<br />
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1. So luge ve phuong phap nghidn ciru va mSu nghien c i u<br />
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Dd lim hidu thai dd cua doanh nhin ddi vdi phat tnen kinh td thj trudng<br />
vi hdi nhip qude id cua dit nude, ching tdi da xiy dung bang hdi dudi dang<br />
ddng bao gdm 12 mdnh dd. Nhing ngudi tham gia nghidn ciu dugc ydu ciu lya<br />
chgn mdt phuong an tra ldi phi hgp nhii vdi ^ kidn cua minh theo thang bic t i<br />
1 (Sai hoin loan) dd'n 4 (Dung hoan loan).<br />
<br />
Trong qui trinh x i ly kdt qua khao sit, mdi phuong in tri ldi cua cac<br />
khich thd nghien ciu dugc chuydn ddi sang mdt didm tuong ing. Cu thd nhu<br />
sau: nhing mpnb dd danh gii cd 4 phuong in tra ldi (ti sai hoan toan ddn dung<br />
hoan loan) dugc chuydn ddi tuong ing vdi thang didm 4 bic (ti 1 ddn 4 didm),<br />
ndu khach thd lya chgn phuong in t h i I thi dugc 1 didm, lya chpn phuong in<br />
thi 4 thi dugc 4 didm v.v... Vi didm Irung binh (DTB) ma khich thd dat dugc<br />
dugc tinh loin dya trdn co sd cua cic didm chuydn ddi nay.<br />
<br />
Cic sd lidu trong bai vidi nay dugc rit ra t i dd tai cip bd: "Tim hieu mdt<br />
sd' ddc diem tdm ly xd hpi cda lang l&p doanh nhdn nu&c ta Irong giai dogn<br />
hiin nay", do cic cin b6 Vidn Tim ly hpc thyc hidn trong 2 nim 2009 - 2010.<br />
Cd 640 phieu khao sit cua cac doanh nhin lai ba thinh phd Ha Ndi, Da Ning<br />
vi thinh phd Hd Chi Minh duge dua vao s i dung chinh thic de phin tich sd lieu.<br />
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2. Phan tich ket qua khao sat thuc tidn<br />
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2.1. Nhiing bieu hien thdi dp chung<br />
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Sd lieu trinh bay trong bang 1 chi ra ring, phin ldn nhiing ngudi tham<br />
gia nghidn ciu trong loin miu thd hidn Ihdi dd img hd ddi vai phdt Irien kinh le<br />
thi trucmg vd hdi nhdp qud'c te cita ddt nu&c do Ddng vd Nhd nuac khai xu&ng.<br />
Didu nay thd hien qua viec nhing ngudi tham gia nghien ciu nhit tri khi cao<br />
trong dinh gii nhing mil tfch eye va lieu eye cia kinh td thj trudng va hdi<br />
nhip qud'c td cd inh hudng den ddi sdng xa hdi cung nhu boat ddng kinh doanh<br />
cua bin thin hp vdi DTB chung cho toan thang do la 3,08. Trong dd, tit ca cac<br />
menh dd cd npi dung theo xu hud'ng khing djnh tfch cyc cua kinh td thj trudng<br />
va hdi nhip qud'c td ddu duge cic khach the cho danh gia b mic didm cao hoic<br />
gin sat vdi nguong dudi cua mie didm cao, cdn cac mdnh dd cd ndi dung theo<br />
xu hudng dinh gia nhing mat tidu cyc cua vin dd nghien ciu nay chi dat b<br />
mic rit thi'p sau khi ddi diem cho ddng thuin gia trj.<br />
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80 TAP CHfTAM LY HCDC, Sd 3 (156), 3 - 2012<br />
Bdng 1: Thdi dp cua doanh nhdn ddi v&i chu truang phdt trien<br />
kinh tethi tru&ng vd hdi nhdp qud'c lecua Ddng vd Nhd nu&c<br />
<br />
Micd6(%)<br />
Cac menh dc Sai Sai Dung Dung<br />
DTB<br />
hoin nhidu nhidu hoan<br />
loan hon hon toan<br />
dung sai<br />
1. N^n kinh 1^ thi trupng va hpi nhap qup'c t^ la<br />
xu thd' tai ydu cua su phal Iri^n kinh td xa hflj 3,49 0 2,8 45.6 51,6<br />
hien nay cia nuic ta<br />
2. Chi c6 lie'p tuc phflt uieii manh me kinh Id'<br />
thi uutmg va hpi nliap kinh te' qu6c te' thi nude 3,56 0,6 1.9 38,8 58,6<br />
ta lTl6i CO the' rut ngan dSn khoang cich "lui<br />
hau" so vdi cdc nupc phal tri^n tren Ih^ gi6i<br />
3. Phal ui^n kinh te' nhidu thanh phlin va hOi<br />
nhap qup'c Id da lam thay d6i can ban deli sCing 3,42 0 3,5 51,3 45,3<br />
xa h6i nude la Iheo chidu hudng lich cue<br />
4. Kinh te' thi uudng phat tri^n va hdi nhap<br />
qud'c Id da lam cho ly Id ngudi giSu cd trong xa 3.41 0 5,0 49,2 45,7<br />
hoi ngay cang tang ldn rd rdt<br />
5. N^n kmh t^ nhidu Ihanh phin phat tri^n da<br />
3.39 0,6 4.1 50,6 44,6<br />
dem lai nhidu co hdi cdng an vide lam va Ihu<br />
nhap cho ngudi dan<br />
6. Kinh Id thi trudng va hdi nhap quo'e td' da 3,46 0 3,5 46,7 49,8<br />
thuc d^y nhidu nganh nghe mdi hinh thanh va<br />
phal trien<br />
7. Ndn kinh Id' nhi^u thanh phan phat Iri^n da<br />
tao ra thi trudng hang hoa tidu dung phong 41,5<br />
3,52 0 3,5 55,1<br />
phi, da dang - ca sd cho nhu ciu cia ngudi<br />
dan ngay cang cd di^u kidn Ihoa man va phat<br />
lri&<br />
8. Chfnh sach phat tri^n kinh td thi irudng va<br />
hdi nhap kinh 1^ qude td cua Dang va Nha 4,4 49,4 45,3<br />
3.39 0,9<br />
nude la ed hdi d^ cac doanh nhan nude ta vucm<br />
ldn sanh budc cung cac ddng nghidp trong khu<br />
vuc va thd gidi<br />
9. Hdi nhap kinh td qude id da budc eae doanh 3,50 0 1.6 47.2 51,3<br />
nghidp trong nude phai khing dinh minh vd<br />
nhidu mat mdi cd thd ton tai dude, dae bidi la<br />
chit luong va gia ca san ph£m<br />
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TAP CHITAM LYHQC, Sd3 (156), 3 - 2012 81<br />
10.* Phil tridn kinh Id thi Irudng vi hpi nhap 1,76 1,3 10,7 50,8 37,2<br />
qud'c te' lim cho phfln hoi giSu nghdo trong xa<br />
(3,24)<br />
hdi ngky eilng trd ndn sau sdc (ngudi giiu cSng<br />
giiu va ngudi nghdo cing nghdo hon)<br />
11.* Phat tridn kinh td thi trudng vi hdi nhap 2,19 8,2 22,6 48,6 20,6<br />
kinh te' qude te' da lim gia tang ddi quan thai<br />
(2,81)<br />
nghidp trong xa hdi<br />
12.* Trong didu kidn kinh Id thi trudng vi hpi 14,8 55,4 28,9<br />
1,88 0,9<br />
nhap qud'c te', phan Idn cic doanh nghiep ndi<br />
dia ngay cing gap khd khan nhidu hdn, tham (3,12)<br />
chf cd thd bi phd skn hdng loat do khdng du<br />
siie canh tranh vdi cac doanh nghiep nude<br />
ngoii<br />
DTB 3,08<br />
Ghi dui:<br />
-Nhiing menh di cd ddnh ddu * dd dirge ddi ngugc diim Irong qud trinh xir ly.<br />
• Cdc DTB di trong ngodc ( ) Id cdc gid tri nguyen bdn cua menh de trudc khi ddi diem<br />
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Kdt qui nghien cihi eua chung tdi vd mic dd ung hd cua cac doanh<br />
nhin ddi vdi phat tridn kinh td thj trudng va hdi nhip quoc td cua dit nude cdn<br />
dugc the hien ro trong suphdn bd khdch the iheo miic DTB md hp dql duac khi<br />
ddnh gid cdc menh di khdc nhau xoay quanh ndi dung ihdi dp ndy.<br />
Theo cic kdt qua khio sit, ta nhin thi'y ro ring, trong tdng sd 636<br />
khich thd tham gia tra Idi phin hdi nay, cd tdi 213 ngudi, chidm 33,5% cho<br />
dinh gia d mic didm cao (DTB > 3,40) va 353 ngudi, chie'm 55,5% dinh gii d<br />
mic trung binh (2,80