tiếng anh công nghệ ô tô và chế tạo máy: phần 3

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phần 2 cuốn sách trình bày các nội dung: troubleshooting leaks, squeaks, smells, and strange sensations, what to do if your car drops dead or won't start, keeping your car clean and beautiful, getting rid of dings, dents, and other hard knocks, the ten most important preventive maintenance sensations,... mời các bạn tham khảo.

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Nội dung Text: tiếng anh công nghệ ô tô và chế tạo máy: phần 3

602 car hard to handle after a turn? If your tires show any unusual wear patterns and/or you answered yes to any o f these ques tions, your car probably needs an align m en t. Angle of inside wheel Angle of F igu re 19-7: outside wheel Turning radius. F o ca l point Checking your steering C heck ing your steering is easy. Just stand outside your vehicle, near the door on the driver’s side. Stick your hand through the open window and move the steering wheel, with your eye on the left front tire. If you can move the steering w'heel at all before the tire starts to move, then you need to have both your steering and alignm ent checked. There should be no “play” in the steering wrheel before the signal is trans mitted to the tires. As you drive your car, be alert to signs that it isn’t han dling as easily as before. If the vehicle seems to have a mind o f its own and begins to resist you on turns (and pulling out of turns), take a good look at your tires for signs o f wear caused bv m isalignm ent.
603 Checking your tires for wear You should check your tires for wear at least once a month and before and after long trips. To determine whether you need to (a) buy new tires, (b) have your wheels balanced, (c) have your wheels aligned, or (d) change your driving habits, simply read your tire treads for clues. Table 19-1 and Figure 19-8 show you what to look for. Table 19-1 How to Read Your Treads Clue Culprit Remedy Both edges w orn U nderinflation Add more air, check for leaks Center treads worn O verinflation Let air out to m anufacturer's specifications One-sided w ear Poor alignm ent Have wheels aligned Treads w orn unevenly, W heel im balance Have w heels balanced and with bald spots, cups, and/or poor alignm ent aligned or scallops Erratically spaced W heel im balance Have w heels balanced or bald spots or w o rn shocks replace shocks Edges of front tires Taking curves too fast Slow down I only worn Saw-toothed w e ar Poor alignm ent Have w heels aligned pattern ( continued) Table 19-1 (continued) Clue Culprit Rem edy W hining, thumping, Poor alignment, worn Have w heels aligned or buy and other w e ird noises tires or shocks new tires or shocks Squealing on curves Poor alignment Check w e a r on treads and act or underinflation accordingly
604 Figure 19-8: W h a t the s ig n s of p o o r tre ad w e a r m ean. Severe underinflation O verinflation Poor alignm ent Poor alignment Underinflated tires wear out faster, create excessive heat, increase fuel consumption, and make your car harder to handle. Overinflated tires can “ blow out” more easily, wear out faster, and make the car unstable and unsafe to handle. And a new set o f tires on wheels that are out o f alignment can wear out completely in as little as one day o f hard driving! To determine w h at’s causing problems with your tires, try the following: ♦ Look for th in gs e m b ed d ed in each tire. Do you see nails, stones, o r’ other debris em bedded in the treads? Remove them. But if you’re going to remove a nail, first make sure that your spare tire is inflated and in usable shape. I f you hear a hissing sound when you pull a nail, push the nail back in quickly and take the tire to be fixed. If you aren’t sure w h eth er air is escaping, put some soapy wa ter on the hole and look for the bubbles made by escap ing air. If you’re still not sure whether the nail may have caused a leak, check your air pressure and then check it again the next day to see whether it’s lower (for help, see “C heck ing your air pressure,” earlier in this chap ter). Tires with leaks should be patched by a professional. I f the leak persists, get a new tire. ♦ Look at the sid ew a lls. Check for deeply scuffed or worn areas, bulges or bubbles, small slits, or holes. Do the tires fit evenly and snugly around the wheel rims?
605 ♦ L ook at the treads. Most tires have tread-wear indica tors built into them (see Figure 19-9). These bars of hard rubber are normally invisible but appear across treads that have been worn down to Xs o f an inch of the surface o f the tire (the legal limit in most states). If these indica tors appear in two or three different places, less than 120 degrees apart on the circumference o f the tire, re place the tire. If your tires don’t show these indicators and you think that they may be worn below legal tolerances, place a Lincoln penny head-dow n in the groove between the treads. If you can see the top of Lincoln’s head, your tire probably needs to be replaced. Figure 19-9: It's tim e for ne w tires when tre a d -w e a r in dica tors appear. To measure tread wear more exactly, place a thin ruler into the tread and measure the distance from the base of the tread to the surface. It should be more than Xs inch deep. (Note: I f your front tires are more worn than your rear ones and show abnormal wear patterns, you probably need to have your wheels aligned.) ♦ Pay attention to leaks. If you keep losing air in your tires, have your local service station check them for leaks. Sometimes an ill-fitting rim causes a leak. The garage has a machine that can fix this problem easily. If the garage can't find a leak, your rims fit properly, and
606 you’re still losing air, you probably have a faulty tire valve that’s allowing air to escape. You can buy tire valves to replace the ones on your car. Look for the number molded into the base o f the tire valves; then buy new ones that match it. In the process o f replacing the valve, you will lose most of the air from the tire, so either plan to do this job at a gas station where you can have access to an air hose, or have a m echanic replace the valve for you. Words and phrase - Tit vd cum tu: ♦> Tire size codes: cdc md ve kich cd ciia lop. ♦> Speed ratings: toe do •> Tire quality grade codes: cdc md chi cap chat luqng cua lo p DOT identification and registration: so nhan dien va so dang ky D O T ❖ Other sidewall information: nliUng tliong tin kliac xac dinli tren tlianli ben cua lop. ♦> C hecking tire inflation pressure: k iem tra dp suat hai lop. •> A dding air to your tires: bom th em hoi ❖ Rotating your tires: xoay lop ♦> Balancing your wheels: cdn bdng cdc banli xe. ❖ A ligning your wheels: dinh thdng h a n g cdc banh xe. ♦> C hecking your steering: kiem tra do mdn lop xe ♦> C hecking your tires o f wear: con g tdc kiem tra tay lai
607 Translate the paragrap 1, 2, 3 into Vietnamese - Bdi dich doan 2, 2, 3 1. Cau true cua lop xe. Mdi lop xe dieu co mot so thanh phan chinh (xem hinh 19-1): ♦ Mat gai la phdn cao su cua lop thudng de bi mdn vd de bi rach nlianli. Cdc liieu hinh cua mat gai giup cho lop khdi bi truqt tren dudng vd klioi bi dam tilling. Cdc hinh gai nay cung la nhitng dau hieu tuyet vdi de bao cho chung ta biet lop bi mdn. O phan chi "ltiem tra do mdn cua lop". ♦ Mat ben cua lop la phdn lop xe ndm giiia mat gai vd vien lop. Phdn nay duqc goi la "nhitng bi mat ndm tren thd nil lop" duqc de cap d phdn sau cua chuong nay se giai md tdt cd nhitng dit lieu duqc due nan tlianli lop. ♦ Vien lop la m ot vong day thep duqc dinh dang de giU lop xe ndm tren vanli banh xe. ♦ Vo lop Id than lop ndm ben dudi mat gai vd tlianli lop. Vd nay giup cho lop dinh duqc hinh dang khi duqc bom cang thay vi d e cho lop bom len g io n g nliU m ot cliiec kinh khi cdu. Vd lop duqc lam bdng nliieu vat lieu ltliac nhau duqc g o i la cdc day bo. ♦ Cdc dai lot cung duqc lam bdng cdc sqi bo duqc cdn len m ot ldp cao su vd ndm ben dudi mat gai vd than lop. Vd nay giup cho lop dinh duoc hinh dang khi duqc bom cdn thay vi de cho lop bom len g ion g nliU mot /mill khi cdu. Lop duqc lam bdng nliieu vat lieu kliac nhau duqc goi la cdc day bo. Cdc dai lot cim g duqc lam bdng cdc sqi bo duqc cdn len m ot top sao su vd ndm giita than lop vd mat gai. Dang
608 vat lieu nay duac dung lam cdc dai vd phuong tliitc md no boc xung quanli vien lop se xa c dinh loai lop vd gid cd ciia no. N guyen thuy ngudi ta sii dung cotton d$ lam cdc soi bo nhung cdc soi nay som nliUdng clio cho cdc vat lieu tot hon nliU thep, aram id (no cilng hon thep). Soi thuy tinh polyester, to nhdn tao vd nylon. Cdc radi als duoc tao dai bdng thep la danh lop pho bien nhat ngay nay. ♦ Van lop cd cliiec ndng d e cho khi di vdo vd ra khdi lop, than van giQ cho khi klioi bi tlioat ra khdi lop. Moi mot van thi ph ai cd m ot lop day d e kliong cho bui vd hoi nUdc xam nhap vdo lo. * Cho den tlidi gian gan day thi cdc lop duqc che tao vdi nliieu ket cdu kliac nhau. Titng cd cdc loai lop xien cd cdc soi bo duoc boc xun g quanli vien lop, cdc lop clieo. Sau dd cdc loai lop nay duqc thay the bdng cdc lop cd dai xien la no cd cdu true cu n g g io n g nhu lop xien nhung cdc dai thi duqc lam bdng m ot vat lieu kliac duqc boc xun g quanli vien lop d e g iu p cd do mdn lau hon, kho bi dam tliung hon vd cd tinh on dinli gian hudng. Ngay nay tdt cd cdc x e deu duqc ldp cdc lop don g tdm vd cung do la tdt cd cdc loai xe cu n h at d eu sii dung tdt cdc loai lop nay nen cdc loai lop xien vd cdc loai lop cd dai xien kliong cdn duqc sii d u n g nUa. Cdc lop d on g tdm da tro nen m ot tieu chuan do no cung cap duqc do van chuyen tdt hon, dac biet la o tdc do cao, cdc lop nay cd kliuynli hudng la bam xu on g m at du ong hieu qua hon, dac biet la tai nhitng do cua; cliung cd the cung cap vdi sd dam hoat d on g gap 2 lan so vdi cdc loai lop cd bo cheo. Cdc lop d on g tdm cliay it tao nliiet hon boi vi no cd it ma sat tron. (cdc loai lop xien vd cdc loai lop cd dai xien thi cd cdc ldp boi keo ddn truyen nliieu ma sat trong vd nlueu nliiet hon
609 khi chuyen ddng). Do mdn ciia cdc lap cd thay doi tu 25000 ddm tro len phu tliuoc vdo vat lieu dai duac sd dung. Phdn tren ciia cdc lop cd dai tliep cd the ton tai til 40000 den 100000 ddm vdi dieu liien lioat dong binli thudng. De quyet dinli dung loai lop danh cho xe ban thi liay xem phdn "liUdng ddn mua lop" a sau chuong nay. 2. Nhitng bi mat tren thanh ben cua lop, ditctc bQC l o ! Co nliieu ngudi sdn sang bo ra them sd tien de mua cdc lop duqc danli ten tlianli cdc cliU cai Ion mau trdng tren thanli lop nhu macho Wildcats hay Tough Guys nhung ban cd biet rdng sU phong pliu ciia thdng tin viet bdng nhitng chit cai nlio nliat mau den tren tlianli lop thi cd the cd gid tri hon nliieu ve mat lau ddi ltliong vd thdng tin nay duqc viet tu do neu ban biet cacli giai md no. Cho du ban ltliong phai la mot ngi/di td md vdi dit lieu a cdc phdn sau day cung cd the giup ban khi mua vd bao duong cdc lop. Cac md ve kich cd cua lop. Vi du day la thdng tin ve mdt md lop m etric P thudng gap dd la P205 /75R-14: ♦ P la loai xe (trong trudng liqp nay la lianh liliach. Cdc md liliac bao gom L T dung cho xe tai nhe vd T dd la dung tain thoi hoac lop dit pliong) ♦ 205 la chieu rong cua mat cdt lop duqc do ngang qua mat ga tit tlianli ben nay qua thdng ben kia tinh bdng m l.(trong trudng liqp nay do rong cua lop la 205) ♦ 75 la ty le canh ben thay sd seri lop - dd la ty le eliieu cao tlianli ben cua lop so vdi chieu rong (eliieu cao cua thanh ben lop bdng 75% so vdi clueu rong cua no). Cdc lop cd cdc sd s e n thap (nho hon 70) thi duqc xem la cdc lop cd mat hinh thap vd cd tlianli ben ngan.
610 ♦ R la loai lop. (R d on g tdm, B la co dai ch eo, D lop bo cheo hoac lop bo xien va E la hinh elip. T rong trudng hop nay thi lop nay g o i la lop don g tarn) ♦ D uong kinh ciia banli x e duqc do bdng don vi inches, (trong trudng liqp nay dudng kinh la 14 inches) Toe do D oi khi co m ot cliU cai p h u xuat hien giQa m at cdt vd loi lop chdng lian nliu P 2 0 5 / 75SR 14 chQ cai phu S chi mite toe do the liien tdc do an todn toi da cua lop. MQc tdc do ltliong ndi len duqc dieu gi ve liet cdu do van chuyen do mdn ciia lop nhitng no do ltlia ndng cua lop chiu duqc cdc m uc nluet do cao do toe do cao tao ra. Dudi day la m ot bdng liet ke cdc cliQ cai chi mQe toe do cd y ngliia la g i: ♦ F = 50 mph ♦ G = 56 mph ♦ J = 62 mph ♦ K = 68 mph ♦ L = 75 mph ♦ M = 81 mph ♦ N = 87 mph ♦ P = 93 mph ♦ Q = 100 mph ♦ R = 106 mph ♦ S = 112 mph ♦ T = 118 mph ♦ U = 124 mph ♦ H = 130 mph ♦ V = 149 mph
611 ♦ Z = 149+ mph Ban cung co the tim mile toe do duqc liet ke cung voi cdc chi so ve tai trong cua lop chdng han nhu 97H. Trong trUbng hop nay 97 la chi so ve ty trong, H la chi mile toe do. Neu xe cua ban nguyen thuy duqc ldp cdc loai lop chi toe do thi ban phai nen thay cdc loai lop nay bdng cdc loai lop chi mite toe do. Cdc md chi cap chat litcfng cua lop Hay tim cdc cap lop nay tren thanh bi cua lop hoac tren thanh ben ciia lop hoac tren cdc nhdn ddn vdo mat gai lop. dudi day la y ngliia cua chung: ♦ Do mon ciia lop: phu tliuoc vdo tinli trang kiem tra lty ludng. T rong tliUc te thi m ot loai lop duqc danh gid bdng chi so 200 thi no se co do mdn mat gai gap hai lan so vdi loai lop duqc danli gid chi so 100 - neu tdt cd cdc yeu to ga y mdn kliac deu nliu nhau. ♦ Sm'c k eo: dd la cap AA, A, B, hoac C no the liien ltlia nang cua lop dilng tren dudng nliUa Udt lioac tren cdc via lie beton g ditdi cdc dieu liien kiem soat (AA la cong suat cd the la tot nliat) cdc cap nay chi pliu tliuoc dieu liien thdng d phia trildc chit liliong pliu tliuoc vdo doan cua hay doan quay dau. M ot loai lop cd cap C la no da dat duqc tieu cliuan kiem tra cua chinh pliu trong khi cdc loai lop B, A, vd AA (theo trinh tu giam ddn) thi no vilqt qua tieu cliuan cua cliinli pliu. ♦ N h iet d o: Cap A, B, vd C nay la no the hien cliiu nhiet vd klia nang tai nhiet neu lop cd dung do can vd khong qua tai. Cap C dap itng cdc tieu cliuan toi tliieu ciia Hoa Ky trong khi cdc cap B vd A thi no vUqt qua tieu cliuan ciia Chinh Phu.
612 So nhan dien vd so ddng ky DOT So nhan dien D O T xac dinh tren thanh ben cdc cliitc ndng nhu la m ot so ddng ky cho lop trong trudng hap cd yeu cdu tlidc mdc. Sd nay cho ban biet noi vd thai gian sdn xuat cua lop. Hau liet cdc di2 lieu viet bdng md thi klion g cd j nghla quan tron g Idm. NliUng neu ban to md tlii vi du sau day se chi cho ban b iet nliieu chit cai vd chi? so kliac nhau cua mot mau md DOT, D O T W O K A A B C 262, cd nghla la: ♦ D O T cd nglila la lop nay dat duac lioac vi/qt qua tieu cliuan an todn cua cuc van tai Hoa Ky ♦ W O la nha m ay sdn xuat ra lop. Bdi vi cdc lop duqc sdn xuat d cdc nha m ay kliac nhau nen ban liliong cdn biet tdt cd cdc bien doi cua md nay. N eu ban quan tdm muon b iet cdc noi sdn xuat ra cdc lop tlii liay lioi ngudi ban hang. ♦ K A la chi cho biet kich cd lop. T rong trudng hop nay kich cd lop la P194 / 75R14. Bdi vi kich cd lop cung duqc xac dinh tren tlianli ben cua lop nen ban ltliong cdn biet tdt cd cdc bien doi cua md nay. ♦ A B C la no ch i cho biet nhdn liieu vd tinh cliat cua lop thay vi giai md cdc chit nay thi ban cd th e doc trong so hudng ddn m o td lop d e biet chi tiet. ♦ 2 6 2 la no chi tlidi gian sdn xuat lop (tron g trudng hop nay sd 262 cd nghla la lop duqc sdn xuat trong tuan thii 2 6 cua ndm 1982 that la trang nlia ph ai lilion g?) D e biet them nhieu chi tiet trong viec mua lop thi hay xem phan "liUdng ddn mua lop d sau chuong nay" Nhting thdng tin khde xde dinh tren thanh ben cua^lop. H ay ltiem tra cdc tlianli ben ciia lop d e b iet duqc cdc dit lieu an todn sau d r y :
613 ♦ Tai trong toi da: Trong litqng cua lop la bao nhieu thi co the la an toan thudng la bieu luen bdng kg hoac bdng pounds ♦ A p suat toi da: la dp suat khi toi da de co the gilt an todn cho lop thitdng duqc the hien bdng pounds/ inches Ban cd the tim thay cdc cacli liitang ddn ve kiem tra cdc dp suat lop, cach doc tren mat gai de tim dau moi vd cdc cong viec kliac md ban co the tliitc hien tren lop a phdn sau ciia cliUong nay goi la cliam soc lop. 3. HiXdng ddn mua lop Dudi day la m ot so lop md ban cdn phai danh gid: ♦ Cdc loai lop chay of tdt cd cdc mua la tieu chucin tren liau liet cdc xe hai. Mite toe (xem mite toe do a phdn ddu cua chuong nay) thudng la S lioac T. neu "M+S" (bim vd tuyet) duqc in d tlianli ben cua lop thi lop se hoat dong tot trong tinh trang tliai tiet kliong cdn phai sit dung cdc loai lop dung de chay trong tlidi tiet cd tuyet. ♦ Cdc lop xe du lich thtfctng thi ddc hon so vdi cdc lop xe chay trong tdt cd cdc mua vd cluing cd ddc tien hay kliong phu tliuoc vdo titng sdn pham. Cdc loai lop nay thudng cd mite toe do la S lioac T ♦ Cdc mu'c co hieu suat duqc thiet ke danli cho cdc ngudi lai xe bac. Cdc lop nay phuc vu tot han cho hoat dong thdng vd chay den nhitng doan cua nlutng thudng cd do on hon vd mdn nlianli han. Cluing thudng duqc dinh tdc do Id H vd cd mat hinh rong thap hon. ♦ Cdc ld p co hieu suat sieu cao vd cd cd cdc mat tich citc vd mat tieu citc vdi mot mite do Ion hon: cdc lop nay
614 cliay nlianli han, lioat don g thdng a dieu kien tot hon a nhitng dieu liien dm Udt vd liho rao nhung chau it tliodi mdi han vd cliay tot han. Cdc lop nay cd be mdt rong hon vd thudng cd mite toe do la V hoa c Z. ♦ Cdc lop xe tai n h e: cho cdc xe tai nlie, cdc loai xe cao cap. Cdc lop nay cd nliieu dang ltliac nhau duqc tliiet he lioat d on g a nhitng dieu hien binh thudng cliay tren dudng vd ngoai dudng lioac pliuc vu cho cd hai. Cdc mat gai day han p h u c vu chay a dia liinli ngoai dudng luu thdng no se cung cap m ot site heo manli han tren cdc be mQt ltliong lat dudng. Cdc lop xe tai n h e cu n g dd giam ve site d id binli thudng d id nang lioac chd sieu ndng. ♦ C d c lop x e ch ay tren tu yet co th e la tot han so vdi cdc lop xe chay a tdt cd cdc m ua d u n g d e cliay a tren cdc vung niii ncri cd tuyet rai nliieu nliUng chu ng rat on vd liliong hoat d on g tot tren cdc dudng luu thdng hoi ham. Do vay chi sit du ng cdc loai lop nay klii cdn thiet. ♦ Cdc loai lop xep cd the duqc cliay md kliong cdn pliai co bdt ky m ot dp suat khi ndo ben tron g lop. Cdc loai xe sit d u n g lop xep thi ltliong cdn pliai cd kich x e hay lop dit p lion g (neu ban sd du ng m ot loai x e ddi 1997 hay loai xe mdi hon C hevrolet C orvette hay m ot loai xe mdi cd trang bi m ot loai tUang tu nliU vay thi chdc lidn ban cd loai lop ddng tdm dac b iet nay). Cdc tlianli ben cua lop thi no co cdc nu t k et liqp dac b iet d e lam ch o lop klioi bi xep xu on g khi lop mdt dp suat khi. Ban cd th e lai xe vdi mot sd lop x ep vdi tdc do len den 50m /gid hoac 50 dam hoac cao hon md liliong lie liU liong lop. Cliay lop xep d cdc mite tdc do cao a tron g m ot tlidi gian ddi thi cd the bi. h on g lop do vay cdc nlia sdn xuat xe hen cd ldp m ot lie thdng canh bao vi du x e C orvette thi cd
615 cdc bo cdm bien dp suat lop a moi banh xe do vay tai xe co the duqc bao lueu khi mot hay nlueu lop bi xep lioan todn. Do ngudi tai xe kliong the cdm nhan duqc bdt ky mot sU cdm nlian ndo khi lop bi xep nen den bao hieu se phat sang tren bdng dieu ltliien bao liieu cho ngudi tai xe biet gidi lian toe do dieu ltliien cua tai xe vd klioang cacli de tranli gay liong them cho lop hay banli xe. TrUdc khi quyet dinli ve mot loai lop dac biet thi ban liay nliin ky thoi quen lai xe cua minh: Ban co kho dieu khien banh xe hay k h o n g ? N eu ban cd khuynh hudng dot cliay cao su khi den nhitng doan cua khi kliai lianli vd khi dilng thi ban pliai biet la cao su dd xuat pliat tit ddu. Mot cap lop re tien cd the bi mdn rat nlianli, ban cd the mua mot loai lop cd cliat luqng tot nliat trong klia ndng co the. Ban co lai nhanh va lai nhieu tren ditdng cao toe hay khong ? Mot cliiec cd be mat cling hon thi se lau mdn hon vdi cdc dieu liien nay. Ban cd chay xe nhieu tren mat diidng co dd go ghe, cd chd nhieu tai tron g hoac de xe diidi trdi ndng trong mot khoang thdi gian ddi hay k h o n g ? Ban se cdn cd nliUng cliiec lop cd cliat luqng cao hon cd do ben hon de trdi qua nhitng tliacli tliitc nay. Thdi tiet nhu' the ndo d khu vitc ciia ban? N gay nay, cdc loai xe ddn dong bdng cdc banh xe trudc vdi cdc loai lop chay trong tdt cd cdc mua duqc xUong sdn suat vdi cong nghe cao vi no cd site keo manli hon so vdi tdt cd cdc loai lop cu chay d nhitng vung cd tuyet md da phai thay the khi mua he dd den. Tuy nliien neu ban cliay xe dudi nhitng dieu kien citc ky kliac ngliiet cdn phai kiem tra cdc loai lop thiet he cho cdc dieu kien thoi tiet nay: neu tro mita nhieu thi ban hay tim nhitng cliiec lot phuc vu cho trdi mita cd cdc ranli gai sieu rong. Cdn d nhitng noi cd nliieu tuyet hay d cdc doi cd da thi tim nhitng noi cd clul M +S (bun vd tuyet) glu tren thanh ben
616 cua lop. Co ph a i ch ay xc hau hct tron g thanh p h o ncfi phai d d n g nhieu vd qu ay ddu n h ieu hay k h o n g ' Thi co cdc loai lop m em hon co cdc mat gai ron g hon la phu hop nhat. N h u vay neu ban co y dinh g id x e lai trong vong mot vdi ndm thi ve mat lau ddi ban co th e tiet kiem tien bdng cach la chap nhan nlidng cliiec lop ddc tien hon, ben hon so vdi nlidng cliiec lop re tien hon hay nlidng cliiec lop duqc danli gid sii du ng it hon 40000 dam. NliUng cliiec lop re tien se mdn nlianli hon vd ve m at lau dai thi se ddc hon neu ban di/a ra mot tinh todn ve gia mua, gid lap rap, gia cdn chinh d bo lop lie tiep. Con m ot dieu niia la neu ban bi x ep lop lioac lop xe liliong bam tren mat dudng thi pliai chiu m ot th iet hai Ion hon nhieu neu xe liU liong. * Ban co the tim cdc d d lieu xac dinh dung liicli cd lop cho xe cua ban tron g tai lieu liUdng d en cua nha sdn xuat hay tren nhdn ddng vdo xe. N eu liliong co hai dd lieu nay thi hay hoi ngudi ban hang. * Cho du la ban kliong lie m ua cdc loai lop nlio hon cdc loai lop danli x e ban nliUng ban cung cd the mua cdc loai Ion hon cd hay 2 cd (neu do h o ciia banh xe cho pliep) de di chuyen tot hon vd cd ltlid ndng chuyen chd tai trong nliieu hon. T uy nliien ban nen mua cdc loai lop Ion nay thanh cap vd ldp len co t true. H ay hoi tliq may hay ngUoi ban h a n g lop xe hoac phu tung xe noi tieng de biet dung p h a m vi kich cd lop danh cho xe ban. De biet them chi tiet tlii liay xem phdn sau cua chuong nay duqc goi la hudng ddn mua lop. * Cdm sd du ng hai lop tren cu n g true xe cd kich cd liliac nhau. * N eu ban chi thay m ot hodc 2 lop thi hay thay cdc lop trudc de dieu kliien vd thdng 6 nlidng doan cua tdt hon (bdi
617 vi trong luqng trubn den phia trudc khi ban thdng xe). ♦ Neu ban vdn dung nhUng loai lop cd bo xien hoac cd dai xien tren xe bdt budc ban pliai thay tdt cd cdc ldp nay trong cung m ot thdi diem bang cac loai lop ddng tdm khi cluing bi mdn. Ban kliong the thay nlueu loai lop ltliac nhau tren cung xe; md ban phai thay cung loai lop tren tdt cd bon bank. Mi(c do cliay xc rat Ithac nhau den mile cdc lop ddng tdm no se bi lech liang neu ban thd ldp tdt cd cdc lop bdng cdc lop ddi cu. ♦ Phai nlid la ban phai til tao do ldp cua cdc lop mdi, do vay ban ltliong nen lai xe nlianli hon 60 dam /gid trong vong 50 dam ddu tien tren cdc lop mdi hay lop dit phong. ♦ Hay cdt gift cdc lop mdi md ban ltliong sit dung trong chd toi de xa chd nguon nliiet manli vd cdc md to dien vi no se tao ra cdc ozon. Notes of figure - Chu thich hinh 1 Hinh 19-1: H ieu m ot cliiec lop qua liinli ve 2 Hinh 19-2: D ung m ot dp lte do lop de Idem tra xe xem lop cd dung do cdn hay ltliong. 3 Hinh 19-3: cach de thay ddi lop 4 Hinh 19-4: Goc nghien g tdi cua true banh xe 5 Hinh 19-5: do nghieng cua cdc banli xe so vdi mat plidng dilng. 6 Hinh 19-6: Do clium ciia cdc banli xe. 7 Hinh 1-9-7: Ban kinh quay 8 Hinh 19-8: Ddu hieu mdn mat gai lop cd y nghla gi 9 Hinh 19-9: Den luc ban phai cdn nen thay lop mdi khi xuat hien cdc ddu hieu chi do mdn mat gai tren lop.
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619 symptoms, and how to deal with those symptoms. The words in special type are defined in the Practical Glossary o f Automotive Terms at the end of this book. 1.Sounds You probably know how your vehicle sounds when it’s run ning properly, and your ears can alert you to anything that sounds strange. Well, listen to your ears! If you hear a strange or different sound, pay attention to it and react accordingly. ♦ If a fan belt or accessory belt “sings” (m akes a con tinuous, h igh pitch ed sound), readjust or replace it. These belts should have at least half an inch of play and shouldn’t be frayed, cracked, or glazed on the underside. Some belts tend to sing more than others. Rubbing a bit of petroleum jelly on the undersides o f these belts usu ally quiets them down. You can find instructions for ad justing and replacing belts in Chapter 14. D on’t drive with a broken fan belt. If you carry a spare belt or an old belt in the trunk, you may be able to save yourself towing charges. ♦ If your radiator “sin gs” (sim ilar sound, d ifferen t tune), check the radiator pressure cap. The rubber gas ket may be worn, and steam from the hot engine may be escaping past it. Chapter 14 tells you how to remove a radiator cap safely ♦ If your tires squeal on curves - and you aren’t sp e ed ing - check their inflation pressure, treads, and align ment by using the instructions in Chapter 19. ♦ If you hear a w hining or hum m ing sounds on curves, your w heel bearings may be wearing. Chapter 18 turns you on to the sensual thrill of repacking them with your bare hands. ♦ If your tires “tram p” (make a w eird, rhythm ic sound
620 as you d r iv e ), check inflation, tire w ear, and wheel b alan cin g (see Chapter 18). ♦ If you h ea r sq u e a lin g w hen you step on the brake, you’ve probably worn the brake pads down too far. Get them replaced immediately. Some disc brakes are natu rally noisy, but if the sound gets louder, take heed. ♦ If som eth in g ticks rh ythm ically w hile your engine idles, shut o ff the engine, wait ten minutes, and then check the oil level. The hydraulic lifters that operate the valves in your engine can make these noises if you’re down as little as a quart o f oil. If the level is low, add oil up to the “ Full” line on the dipstick and check again in a couple o f days. I f you have enough oil, have a mechanic check the valve adjustm ent if your car has adjustable valves (some d on ’t). Faulty valves can seriously affect your car’s perform ance and fuel consumption. ♦ If you h ear a loud kn ock in g sound in your engine, pull to the side o f the road im m ediately and call for road service. It may be just a loose rocker arm or carbon buildup inside the engine, but if it’s a loose b e a rin g or a faulty piston, letting it go unheeded can destroy the whole en gine. Mild knocking or “ pinging” may be the result of using fuel with the w rong octane rating. C heck your owner’s manual to see w hether your vehicle needs low-octane or premium gas. ♦ If you hoar the en g in e running after y o u ’ve turned o ff the ign ition , your engine is dieseling. This condition is often flue to using fuel with too high an octane rating, but a tank o f inferior gas or an idle speed that's set to high may also be the culprit. ♦ If you h ear ru m b lin g noises com in g from under or tow ard the re a r of the veh icle, the trouble could be a defective exhaust pipe muffler, or catalytic converter; or
621 it could be coming from a worn universal joint or some other part of the drive train. Have a service facility put the car up on a hoist and find the problem. ♦ If you hear clunking under your vehicle, especially when you go over a bump, check the shock absorbers and suspension system. If it’s toward the rear, your tailpipe or muffler may be loose. ♦ If you hear a w histling noise com ing from under the hood, check the hoses for vacuum leaks. If the whis tling comes from inside the vehicle, there’s probably a leak in the weather-stripping. Patch the weatherstripping according to the directions in Chapter 24. ♦ If you hear an unlocatable sound, get an old stetho scope from a medical supply house or ask your family doctor. As shown in Figure 20-1, take off the rubber disc and insert a piece of tubing in its place (about 134 inches will do). Then put the plugs in your ears, run the engine, and move the tube end o f the stethoscope around the hood area. The stethoscope amplifies the sound as you near the part that’s causing it. Figure 20-1: A piece of tubing and an old stethoscope make an efficie n t tro u b le shooting device.