Xu hướng thị trường một số mặt hàng tại EU

QUtfCTf<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> lu liKkg thj I n ^ mild mtMn§ MEV<br /> • DUdNG BiCH THUY<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> H H a Bw Mihien Id thi<br /> M I I trfldng XK ldn<br /> A M # \ J thd 2 cua Viet<br /> Nam vd cd rat nhidu tiem nang,<br /> nhflng tren thflc te, cdc DN Viet<br /> Nam cdn it kinh nghiem de<br /> tham nhap thi trfldng ndy, n h a t<br /> la cdc DN nhd vd vfla.<br /> Lau nay, EU van Id thi trfldng<br /> XK quan trpng ddi vdi nhidu mat<br /> hdng chu life cua Viet Nam. De<br /> tidnh hi ddng trong kinh doanh,<br /> cac DN cdn quan tdm tdi xu ddi thii khdc trdn thi trfldng, vfldt qua nhidu chfldng trinh<br /> hfldng thi trfldng mdt sd ngdnh theo Hiep hdi da gidy Viet Nam klem tra chat Ifldng khdt khe do<br /> hdng cd lidn quan. Trfldc bet la (Lefaso), cdc DN nen tap trung cdc phdi dodn cua EC tid'n hdnh.<br /> vdo nhdm sdn pham cd chat Hien nay, EU Id mdt tiong nhiing<br /> nhdm hdng gidy mii da. Tfl<br /> Ifldng cao. Cung theo Lefaso, de thi trfldng tidu thu thuy sdn ldn<br /> 1/4/2011, thue chdng bdn phd<br /> khdng xdy ra tinh tiang bdn phd<br /> gid ddi vdi gidy mu da ciia Viet nhat cua Viet Nam, nam 2010,<br /> gid hay canh tranh khdng edng<br /> Nam XK vdo EU dd chinh thflc kim ngqich XK thuy sdn cua Viet<br /> bdng, ddn tdi viec EU cd the ap<br /> h a hieu Iflc. Viec EU bd thue Nam sang EU da vfldt 1 ty USD.<br /> dat trd lai thud' chdng bdn phd<br /> chdng bdn phd gid la mdt thudn Theo Cue Khai thdc vd Bdo ve<br /> gid, cdc DN can chu ddng kiem<br /> ldi cho DN da gidy Viet Nam, sodt tdc dp gia tdng so Ifldng sdn ngudn ldi thuy sdn (Bp<br /> dong thdi cung tdc ddng tdi tam pham XK vdo EU, bdi vi trong NN&FTNT), qua hdn 1 nam trien<br /> ly ngfldi tidu dung tai thi trfldng tbdi gian tdi, EU sd gidm sdt khai thflc hien "chflng nhan thuy<br /> EU. Cung vdi viec dd bd thue chat che ddi vdi Ifldng hang hod sdn khai thdc XK vdo EU", chfla<br /> chdng bdn phd gid, sfl canh XK cua Viet Nam, neu trong cd Id hdng thuy sdn ndo cua Viet<br /> tranh gifla cdc DN XK da gidy vdng 1 nam, Ifldng XK cua Viet Nam XK vdo EU bi phia nhd NK<br /> Viet Nam vd cdc nfldc khdc, Nam tang dot bien vdo thi EU trd ve vi nhflng ly do Udn<br /> nhat Id Trung Qudc, trdn thi trfldng EU, hp cd the dp dung tid quan den qui dinh trong chflng<br /> tnfdng EU se ngdy cdng gay gdt lai ludt thue chdng bdn phd gid nhan kd trdn. Den nay, da cd<br /> hdn. Trfldc khi dd bd thue chdng nhfl trfldc do. 2 3 / 2 8 tinh ven bien cua Viet<br /> ban phd gid, gidy XK cua Trung Nam trien khai thflc hien chflng<br /> Thdng 3/2011, Uy ban chau nhan ndy cua EU. Ben canh<br /> Qudc phdi chiu mflc thue 16,5%,<br /> Au (EC) dd cdng nhan thdm 53 nhiing ket qua ve viec thifc hien<br /> trong khi mflc thue ddi vdi gidy<br /> XK ciia Viet Nam Id 10%. Nay DN thuy sdn cua Viet Nam du "chflng nhan thuy sdn XK vdo<br /> thud chdng bdn phd gid dfldc dd dieu kien XK sdn pham vdo EU, EU", edn cd mdt sd tdn tai, chdng<br /> bd, sdn pham da gidy XK cua ndng tdng sd DN thuy sdn cua ban, thtfc tiang tdu ddnh bdt cd<br /> hai nfldc cd mflc thue bang Viet Nam dfldc phep XK sdn sfl dung Ifldi cd kich thfldc mdt<br /> pham vdo EU ldn tdi 383 DN. De Ifldi nhd hdn qui dinh cdn khd<br /> nhau, luc ndy DN Trung Qudc cd<br /> cd dfldc sfl cdng nhdn ndy, cdc phd bien; viec ghi nhat ky<br /> 1(?1 the hdn trdn thi trfldng EU.<br /> khai thdc cdn chfla thflc Q ^<br /> Dd canh tranh dfldc vdi cdc DN thuy sdn Viet Nam dd phdi<br /> THOOHG Mfi 86 32/2011 I 1 9<br /> QUCfCTE<br /> <br /> t ^ hlen tdt do thdi quen cua<br /> ngfl dan cung ldm dnh hfldng den<br /> chflng nhdn khai thdc cua DN.<br /> Gdn ddy, cd thdm qui dinh ve<br /> viec xdc n h a n nguyen lieu thuy<br /> sdn khai thdc, theo dd, DN phai<br /> cd giay xdc nhdn nguyen Ueu vi Id<br /> hdng thuy sdn XK thfldng phdi<br /> dung nguydn lieu thuy sdn dfldc<br /> thu gom tfl lihieu tinh khdc nhau.<br /> Giay xdc nhan nguydn Ueu thuy im^vnt,, - . . , . : " . . , . „ ; ; ••••*-*-<br /> sdn khal thdc Id cd sd de cd quan<br /> cd tham quydn cua tinh ndy<br /> chflng rihan Id hdng cua cdc tinh<br /> khdc, day cung Id cd sd de ed<br /> quan cd tham quydn chflng nhdn<br /> cho Id hdng dung nguydn Ueu<br /> Nam dfldc EU cdng n h d n id 1 khai thdc bdi nguydn lieu phii<br /> mua trong thdi gian trfldc dd.<br /> trong 4 nfldc chdu A dfldc phep mua tfl nhiiu ngfldi khdc nhau,<br /> Gidy chflng nhan nguyen lieu<br /> XK n h u y i n the 2 mdnh vd vdo diiu ndy Idm mat thdi gian va chi<br /> thuy sdn khai thdc chi dp dung<br /> EU, trong dd cdn n h a n manh la phi ke khai. Trong dieu kien cua<br /> trong nfldc vd dfldc Itfu tai cd<br /> nghi nudi nghdu 6 Ben Tre la ndi Viet Nam hlen nay, cung mpt sdn<br /> quan ed tham quydn vd khdng<br /> ddu tidn 6 D N A dfldc cap chflng pham nhflng lai bdn cho nhlfiu<br /> kem theo Id hdng khi XK sang<br /> chi b i n viing cua Hdi ddng Bien thi trfldng khdc nhau tai EU, nen<br /> EU, giay chflng n h a n nay dung<br /> qudc te' (MSC). Nhiiu nhd cung trong mpt Id hang che bien, DN<br /> chung cho cd tdu ldn vd tdu nho,<br /> cap, nhiiu ehuoi sieu thi ldn trdn phdi xin nhiiu giay chflng nhan,<br /> tuy tflng loal tdu md dien vdo cdc<br /> the gidi dd tuydn bd, trong thdi Mdt sd nfldc EU chfla nam ro ve<br /> d thdng tin khdc nhau.<br /> gian tdi hp chi tidu thu nhflng phfldng phdp qudn ly tau ca cua<br /> Cung trong nhdm hdng thuy sdn pham cd chflng chi MSC Viet Nam, nen cd tnfdng hdp<br /> sdn, XK nhuyin the cua Viet trong he thdng cfla hdng cua hdng dfla den ndi, nhflng cac cd<br /> Nam sang EU cd xu hfldng tang minh. Ddy la ldi the canh tranh quan chflc nang d nfldc NK lai<br /> ddu va dn dinh. Trong bdi cdnh ldn cua cdc DN Viet Nam. Udn lac trd lai vdi cac cd quan<br /> nhieu mat hdng thuy sdn XK bi<br /> Den nay, thuy sdn cua Viet chflc nang d Viet Nam de xac<br /> gidm sdt do vap phdi qui dinh ve<br /> Nam dd XK tdi 153 nfldc vd vung nhan thdng tin, gdy them phien<br /> Idem sodt nguon gdc ddnh bdt thi<br /> ldnh thd tren the gidi. Mac du phflc cho DN XK cua Viet Nam,<br /> XK nhuyin the lai khdi sdc, nhat<br /> uen tiep cd nhflng khd khan, ldm mat thdi gian vd tham chi<br /> Id trong thdi gian hdn 1 nam nay.<br /> nhat Id tfl n a m 2010 phai thtfc phi Iflu kho. Cd nhflng sdn pham<br /> Den nay, EU dd vfldt Hdn Qudc<br /> hlen Qui dinh v i chdng ddnh bdt thuy sdn thudc dien khong can<br /> trd thdnh thi trfldng XK nhuyin<br /> bat hdp phdp (lUU) cua thi trfldng cd giay chflng nhdn, the nhitng<br /> the ldn nhat cua Viet Nam. Tai<br /> EU, nhtfng thuy sdn Viet Nam chfla dfldc phia EU gidi thich ro,<br /> hdi chd thuy sdn 6 Bruc-xen (Bi)<br /> vdn tifng bfldc khang dinh vi the dd gdy lung tung cho cac DN va<br /> thdng 4/2011, cdc DN thuy sdn<br /> vd chinh phuc n h i i u thi trfldng cdc cd quan chflc ndng tiong qua<br /> Viet Nam dd nhdn dfldc nhiiu<br /> khd tinh tren the gidl. Tuy nhidn, trinh cht(ng nhdn cho hdng hoa.<br /> ddn dat hdng tfl cdc khdch hdng<br /> viec trien khal thflc hien lUU Theo sd Ueu ciia Hiep hoi go<br /> EU vdi sd Ifldng khd nhat Id sdn<br /> cung cd n h i i u khd khdn nhfl: vd lam sdn Viet Nam, XK dd noi<br /> pham tfl nghdu. Khd khan hien<br /> Viec yeu cdu cdc chu tdu ddnh that bang go cua Viet Nam vao<br /> nay Id nguon nguyen Ueu nhuyin<br /> bdt phdi ghi nhdt ky vd bdo cdo EU dang cd xu hfldng tang, trong<br /> the bi thieu hut, nhiiu DN trong<br /> khai thdc Id diiu khdng d i . Theo khi XK vdo My vd mpt sd thi<br /> nfldc phdi NK nguydn Ueu v i che<br /> qui dinh, mdi Id hdng thuy sdn trfldng khdc lai gidm. Hien d6 go<br /> bien de XK. Xu hfldng thi trfldng<br /> XK vdo EU, cdc DN phdi kem XK cua Viet Nam dang difdc<br /> XK nhuyin the dang rat thudn ldi<br /> theo hang trdm giay chflng nhdn hfldng cdc Ifu ddi GSP cua EU<br /> cho cdc DN Viet Nam, vi Viet<br /> 2 0 1 THOOHG Mfl 86 32/2011<br />  I QUflfGTf yiR<br /> danh cho cdc nfldc dang phdt hdi mdi cho ngdnh XK xe dap XK cua tflng DN. Ve phia cdc DN<br /> trien, nhtfng cd mpt sd chflng loai cua Viet Nam. Xe dap cua Viet trong ngdnh phdi cd cd che gidm<br /> phdi chiu mflc thue XK 20%. Tfl Nam dang cd ldi the so vdi sdn sdt ldn nhau, phdi chu ddng bdo<br /> nam 2013 trd di, cdc sdn pham pham cflng loai cua mdt sd nfldc ve ldi ich cua minh trfldc cdc<br /> do gd XK vao EU phdi cd chflng khdc trdn thi trfldng EU. Trong nguy cd bat Idi trdn thi trfldng.<br /> chi tdng cfldng thtfc thi phdp luat, luc ndy, xe dap cua Tnmg Qudc Theo sd lieu thdng ke cua<br /> qudn tri vd thfldng mai ldm sdn vdn phdi chiu thue chdng bdn Hiep hpi Xe dap Viet Nam, chi<br /> (Flegt). Day la ydu cau cua EU phd gid Id 48,5% khi XK vdo thi trong 1 nam trfldc thdi diem EU<br /> nhdm ddi phd vdi n a n khai thdc trfldng EU. Day cd the xem Id cd dp dat thue chdng bdn phd gid,<br /> va budn bdn gd b a t hdp phdp. hdi de ngdnh xe dap Viet Nam Viet Nam XK dfldc 1,067 trieu<br /> Tai thdi diem hien nay, Viet Nam khdi phuc XK vdo EU, nhflng cdc chiec xe dap vdo thi trfldng EU,<br /> van chfla cd cd che cap phep cho DN cung cdn cdnh gidc trfldc rui ngay khi hi dp thue, sd Ifldng xe<br /> nguydn Ueu go de chflng nhdn gd ro t i i m an, cd bien phdp d i dap XK vdo EU da sut giam<br /> hdp phdp theo qui dinh cua Flegt. phdng trfldc viec cd the bi dp manh xudng cdn 350 ngdn chiec<br /> De ddp tfng cdc tidu chi mdi theo dung trd lai thue chdng bdn phd nam 2006, tiep tuc gidm manh<br /> qui dinh cua Flegt, cdn cd nguon gid. Mudn vay, cac DN phdi chu cdn 57 ngdn chiec nam 2007,<br /> gd nguyen lieu cd xuat xfl rd ddng trong viec phdt hien sdm xudng 37 ngdn chiec nam 2008<br /> rang, bdo ddm tinh hdp phdp cua vd ngan chan kip thdi tinh trang vd 21 ngdn chiec nam 2009, dfla<br /> ngudn gd trong nfldc vd gd NK, xe dap dfldc chuyen tdi tfl nfldc kim ngach XK xe dap cua Viet<br /> klem sodt chudi cung flng vd khdc sang Viet Nam roi XK sang Nam sang thi trfldng EU tfl 102<br /> kiem sodt XK. Cdc DN Viet Nam EU de dfldc hfldng thue suat trieu USD nam 2005 xudng cdn<br /> cdn phdi tim hieu ky cdc qui dinh thap. Cdc cd quan chflc nang cua 1,4 trieu USD nam 2009. Thtfc te<br /> tiong Flegt dd cd stf chuan bi Viet Nam nhfl Cue Chdng budn ndy da cho thay tdc hai nang n i<br /> ngay tfl bay gid. Iau vd Gian Ian thfldng mai (Tong cua viec EU dp thue chdng bdn<br /> Tfl thdng 7/2010, vdi viec EU cue Hdi quan). Cue Qudn Iy Canh phd gid ddi vdi xe dap XK cua<br /> dd bd thue chdng b a n phd gid tranh (Bp Cdng Thfldng), Phdng Viet Nam. Diiu ndy cdng ddi hdi<br /> ddi vdi xe dap cua Viet Nam XK cap C / 0 (VCCI) va Hiep bpi Xe cdc DN xe dap Viet Nam phdi no<br /> vao thi trfldng ndy dfldc dp dung dap cdn cd stf phdi hdp de ndm ltfc cao dp de sdm lay lai vi the<br /> tfl 5 nam trfldc do, da md ra cd rd ndng life sdn xuat vd sd Ifldng cua minh tai thi trfldng EU •<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> the bi tfldc quyin. Nhfl vay, cd tdm den van d i bdo vd sflc khoi<br /> MftrStfDItMMtfl...<br /> •<br /> quan cap giay chflng nhan cd cdng ddng cung cdn phdi bdo<br /> CTiep theo trang 16) quyin thu hdi; cd quan cd tham ddm dn dinh sdn xudt, dn dinh<br /> quyin xfl phat thi cd quyin tfldc kinh te.<br /> hanh nghi. Nhifng trong Nghi<br /> quyin sfl dung. Tfldc quyin sfl Trong thdi gian tdi, bdn canh<br /> dinh 45 lai chfla cd khdi niem<br /> dung giay phdp, chifng chi hanh tuyen truyin nhflng van d i ,<br /> the ndo Id gidy chflng n h a n du<br /> nghi cd thdi ban nhdt dinh hay nhflng thdng tin gido due truyin<br /> dieu klen hdnh n g h i ? The ndo Id<br /> vd thdi b a n Id tuy theo hdnh vl thdng v i kien thflc, v i nhiing qui<br /> chflng chi hdnh n g h i ? Trong cu the.<br /> Nghi dinh mdi se qui dinh rd giay dinh chung cua phdp luat v i<br /> chflng nhan d day la nhflng van Mdt trong nhflng nguydn tdc ATTP thi chung ta cung phdi<br /> de ^ . Vi du: Gidy tiep n h a n dang rat quan trpng cua qudn ly ATTP tuyen truyin hdn nfla v i cdc che<br /> ky cdng bd pham qui thi se qui dd dflQfc qui dinh trong Luat tdi xfl phat de ran de nhflng<br /> djnh them hdnh vi tfldc quyen sfl ATTP la: Qudn ly ATTP phdi phu ngfldi vi pham, nhiing hdnh vi cd<br /> dung gidy nay, nghia Id cd sd cdn hdp vdi diiu klen phdt trien tinh vl pham hay ddng loa vi<br /> gidy nhflhg dd bl tfldc quyin sfl kinh te - xd hpi cua tflng thdi ky. pham ke cd cua nhflng cd quan<br /> dyng thi cd giay cung nhfl khdng. Vdi mdt dat nfldc cd dac thu sdn qudn ly khi phdt hien thay hdnh<br /> Hay gidy chflng n h d n du diiu xuat, che bien thtfc pham vd vi vi pham nhtfng khdng xfl ly thi<br /> kien bdo ddm ATTP ti'ong sdn diiu kien kinh te xd hpi nhfl cung se bj xfl ly theo qui dinh<br /> xudt, klnh doanh cung vay, se cd chung ta thi bdn canh viec quan ciia phdp luat •<br /> THOOHG Mfl 86 32/2011 1 2 1<br />