Oxidation Numbers

Regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins were originally identified as negative regulators of G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling via their GTPase-accelerating protein (GAP) activity. All RGS proteins contain evolutionarily conserved RGS domain; however, they differ in their size and regulatory domains. RGS1 and RGS10 are smaller than other RGS proteins, and their functions involve various inflammatory responses including autoimmune responses in both the periphery and the central nervous system (CNS). Neuroinflammation is the chronic inflammatory response in the CNS.

5p caothientrangnguyen 09-05-2020 28 2   Download

During the last decade several novel yeast genes encoding proteins related to the PPP family of Ser/Thr protein phosphatases have been discovered and their functional characterization initiated. Most of these novel phosphatases display intriguing structural features and/or are involved in a number of important functions, such as cell cycle regulation, protein synthesis and maintenance of cellular integrity. While in some cases these genes appear to be restricted to fungi, in others similar proteins can be found in higher eukaryotes. ...

6p research12 01-06-2013 28 3   Download

The casein milk proteins and the brain proteinsa-synuclein and tau have been described as natively unfolded with ran-domcoil structures,which, inthecaseofa-synucleinandtau, have a propensity to form the ®brils found in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. New insight into the structures of these proteins has been provided by a Raman optical activity study, supplemented with di€erential scanning cal-orimetry, of bovineb-andj-casein, recombinant humana-, b-andc-synuclein,

9p research12 29-04-2013 41 4   Download

Pseudomonas aeruginosais an opportunistic Gram-negative bacterium that causes severe infections in a number of hosts from plants to mammals. A-band lipopolysaccharide of P. aeruginosacontains D-rhamnosylated O-antigen. The synthesis of GDP-D-rhamnose, the D-rhamnose donor in D-rhamnosylation, starts from GDP-D-mannose.

9p research12 23-04-2013 32 1   Download

Salt-active acharan sulfate lyase (no EC number) has been purified fromBacteroides stercorisHJ-15,which was iso-lated from human intestinal bacteria with GAG degrading enzymes. The enzymewas purified toapparent homogeneity by a combination of QAE-cellulose,diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose,CM-Sephadex C-50, HA ultrogel and phosphocellulose column chromatography with the final specific activity of 81.33lmolÆmin )1 Æmg )1 .

6p tumor12 20-04-2013 36 3   Download

A large number of bioactive peptides have been isolated from amphibian skin secretions. These peptides have a variety of actions including antibiotic and anticancer acti-vities and the inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase. We have investigated the structure–activity relationship of citropin 1.1, a broad-spectrum antibiotic and anticancer agent that also causes inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase, by making a number of synthetically modified analogues.

13p tumor12 20-04-2013 37 3   Download

Although highly controversial just a few years ago, the idea that G-pro-tein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) may undergo homo-oligomerization or hetero-oligomerization has recently gained considerable attention. The recognition that GPCRs may exhibit either dimeric or oligomeric structures is based on a number of different biochemical and biophysical approaches.

8p fptmusic 11-04-2013 51 2   Download

Why are there so many dimeric proteins and enzymes? While for hetero-dimers a functional explanation seems quite reasonable, the case of homo-dimers is more puzzling. The number of homodimers found in all living organisms is rapidly increasing. A thorough inspection of the structural data from the available literature and stability (measured from denatura-tion–renaturation experiments)

0p awards 05-04-2013 40 2   Download

Cytochrome P450 enzymes promote a number of oxidative biotransformations including the hydroxylation of unacti-vated hydrocarbons.

26p awards 05-04-2013 44 7   Download

Glutamine is an essential amino acid in cancer cells and is required for the growth of many other cell types. Glutami-nase activity is positively correlated with malignancy in tumours andwith growth rate in normal cells. In the present work, Ehrlich ascites tumour cells, and their derivative, 0.28AS-2 cells, expressing antisense glutaminase mRNA, were assayed for apoptosis induced by methotrexate and hydrogen peroxide. It is shown that Ehrlich ascites tumour cells, expressing antisense mRNA for glutaminase, contain lower levels of glutathione than normal ascites cells. In addition, 0.

9p awards 05-04-2013 47 4   Download

The Mycobacterium tuberculosisgenome contains an unusually high number of proteins involved in the metabo-lism of lipids belonging to the Lip family, including various nonlipolytic and lipolytic hydrolases. Driven by a structural genomic approach, we have biochemically characterized the Rv1399c gene product, LipH, previously annotated as a putative lipase. Rv1399c was overexpressed inE. colias inclusion bodies and refolded. Rv1399c efficiently hydro-lyzes soluble triacylglycerols and vinyl esters.

0p awards 05-04-2013 49 3   Download

The structural stability of the large cytoplasmic domain (H4 -H5loop) of mouse a1subunit of Na + /K + ATPase (L354– I777), the number and the location of its binding sites for 2¢-3¢-O-(trinitrophenyl) adenosine 5¢-triphosphate (TNP-ATP) andp-nitrophenylphosphate (pNPP) were investi-gated. C- and N-terminal shortening revealed that neither part of the phosphorylation (P)-domain are necessary for TNP-ATP binding.

14p awards 05-04-2013 44 5   Download

The dementia familial encephalopathy with neuroserpin inclusion bodies (FENIB) is caused by point mutations in the neuroserpin gene.We have shown a correlation between the predicted effect of the mutation and the number of intracerebral inclusions, and an inverse relationshipwith the age of onset of disease. Our previous work has shown that the intraneuronal inclusions in FENIB result from the sequential interactionbetween the reactive centre loopofone neuroserpin molecule withb-sheet A of the next. ...

0p awards 05-04-2013 31 3   Download

The extracellular signal regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2) are essential for normal development and functional plasti-city of the central nervous system. However, a growing number of recent studies in models of cerebral ischemia, brain trauma and neurodegenerative diseases implicate a detrimental role for ERK1/2 signaling during oxidative neuronal injury. Neurons undergoing oxidative stress-rela-ted injuries typically display a biphasic or sustained pattern of ERK1/2 activation.

7p dell39 03-04-2013 40 3   Download

The Alzheimer’s disease-linked amyloid-bprecursor pro-tein (APP) belongs to a superfamily of proteins, which also comprises the amyloid-b precursor-like proteins, APLP1 and APLP2. Whereas APP has been identified in both lower and higher vertebrates, thus far, APLP1 and 2 have been characterized only in human and rodents. Here we identify the first nonmammalian APLP2 protein in the South African claw-toed frogXenopus laevis.

7p dell39 03-04-2013 42 4   Download

Two soluble enzymes (FerA and FerB) catalyzing the reduction of a number of iron(III) complexes by NADH, were purified to near homogeneity from the aerobically grown iron-limited culture ofParacoccus denitrificansusing a combination of anion-exchange chromatography (Seph-arose Q), chromatofocusing (Mono P), and gel permeation chromatography (Superose 12). FerA is a monomer with a molecular mass of 19 kDa, whereas FerB exhibited a molecular mass of about 55 kDa and consists of probably two identical subunits. ...

10p dell39 03-04-2013 41 2   Download

CCR5 is a G protein-coupled receptor that binds several natural chemokines but it is alsoa coreceptor for the entryof M tropic strains of HIV-1 into cells. Levels of CCR5 on the cell surface are important for the rate ofHIV-1 infectionand are determined by a number of factors including the rates of CCR5 internalization and recycling. Here we investigated the involvement of the actin cytoskeleton in the control of ligand-induced internalization and recycling of CCR5.

10p dell39 03-04-2013 45 3   Download

The penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) are ubiquitous bac-terial enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis,and are the targets of theb-lactam antibiotics. The low molecular mass Neisseria gonorrhoeaePBP 4 (NG PBP 4) is the fourthPBP revealed in the gonococcal genome. NG PBP 4 was cloned, overexpressed,purified,and characterized for b-lactam binding,DD-carboxypeptidase activity,acyl-donor substrate specificity,transpeptidase activity, inhibitionby a number of active site directed reagents,and pHprofile....

10p dell39 03-04-2013 37 3   Download

Cyclic-nucleotide-specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are key players in the intracellular signaling pathways of the important human pathogen Trypano-soma cruzi. We report herein the identification of an unusual PDE from this protozoal organism. This enzyme, TcrPDEC, is a member of the class I PDEs, as determined from the presence of a characteristic signature sequence and from the conservation of a number of functionally important amino acid residues within its catalytic domain.

11p dell39 27-03-2013 41 2   Download

The different effects of pH and NaCl on individual O2-binding properties ofaandbsubunits within liganded tetramer and dimer of human hemo-globin (HbA) were examined in a number of laser time-resolved spectro-scopic measurements. A previously proposed approach [Dzhagarov BM & Lepeshkevich SV (2004)Chem Phys Lett390, 59–64] was used to determine the extent of subunit dissociation rate constant difference and subunit affinity difference from a single flash photolysis experiment.

11p dell39 27-03-2013 48 4   Download