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Chương này trình bày đến người học về quá trình tổng hợp RNA. Quá trình tổng hợp RNA gồm có 4 bước, đó là: Gắn kết vào khuôn mẫu, khởi đầu chuỗi, kéo dài chuỗi, kết thúc chuỗi & giải phóng khuôn mẫu. Mời các bạn cùng tham khảo.

41p tieu_vu16 03-01-2019 50 3   Download

Mer belongs to the Tyro 3 family of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Together with Axl and Rse, the three RTKs are believed to play important functional roles in the male gonads because gene knockout male mice lacking all of these receptors are infertile. In the present study, postnatal expression of Axl and Rse in mouse testes decreased during maturation while expression of Mer increased age-dependently during testicular development.

12p system191 01-06-2013 44 2   Download

Selenoprotein P (SeP) is a plasma protein that contains up to 10 selenocysteine residues and accounts for about 50% of total selenium in human plasma. We have previously shown that SeP expression in the human liver cell line HepG2 is inhibited by transforming growth factor (TGF)-b1 on a transcriptional level. Smad proteins are the transcriptional mediators of TGF-b signalling and putative Smad-binding elements (SBE) comprising the core sequence CAGACA are present at two positions in the SeP promoter....

6p system191 01-06-2013 36 4   Download

We report the cloning and functional charaterization of the full-length cDNA and gene encoding a Toxoplasma gondii DNA repair enzyme designated TgDRE. The gene is composed of three exons separated by two introns of 780 and 630 bp, and encodes a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 49.6 kDa. The native TgDRE protein, with a molecular mass of 60 kDa, is only detected in the virulent tachyzoite stage of T. gondii. However, the transcript is present in both asexual parasite stages, virulent tachyzoite and avirulent encysted bradyzoite. ...

9p research12 01-06-2013 35 5   Download

Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are characterized by their ability, upon activation, to bind to heat shock response elements (HSE) present in the promoter of their target genes. HSE are composed of inverted repeats of the pentamer nGAAm. In this study, we compare the embryonic HSF2 protein, purified from F9 embryonal carcinoma cells tumor, and thein vitro synthesized HSF2. We show that the context of HSF2 synthesis influences its thermosensitivity and DNA-binding properties.

11p research12 29-04-2013 47 2   Download

Understanding peroxidase function in plants is complicated by the lackof substrate specificity, the highnumber of genes, their diversity in structure and our limited knowledge of peroxidase gene transcription and translation. In the present study we sequenced expressed sequence tags (ESTs) enco-ding novel heme-containing class III peroxidases from Arabidopsis thalianaand annotated 73 full-length genes identified in the genome.

19p tumor12 22-04-2013 31 2   Download

Minichromosomemaintenance (MCM) proteins are part of the replication licensing factor (RLF-M), which limits the initiationofDNAreplication to once per cell cycle.We have previously reported that higher order complexes of mam-malian pol II and general pol II transcription factors, referred to as pol II holoenzyme, also contain MCM pro-teins. In the present study we have analyzed in detail the interaction between MCM2 and pol II holoenzyme. N- and C- terminal deletions were introduced into epitope-tagged MCM2 and the truncated proteins were transiently expressed in 293 cells. ...

11p tumor12 22-04-2013 39 3   Download

The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family degrades the extracellular matrix. One member of this family, MMP-1, initiates the breakdown of interstitial collagens. The expression ofMMP-1 is controlled by themitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway(s) via the activity of acti-vator protein-1 (AP-1) and polyoma enhancing activity-3/ E26 virus (PEA3/ETS) transcription factors through con-sensus binding sites present in the promoter.

10p tumor12 20-04-2013 31 2   Download

The transcription factor v-Myb is a potent inducer of myeloid leukemias, and its cellular homologue c-Myb plays a crucial role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. Recently, Bies and coworkers (Bies, J., Markus, J. & Wolff, L. (2002)J. Biol. Chem, 277, 8999–9009) presented evidence that murine c-Myb can be sumoylated under overexpression conditions in COS7 cells when cotrans-fected with FLAG-tagged SUMO-1.

11p tumor12 20-04-2013 38 3   Download

PSA (prostate-specific antigen), the most useful serum marker for prostate cancer, is encoded by thehKLK3gene and is present in the serumas amixture of several molecular species. This work was performed to identify the hKLK3 transcripts in order to determine how many proteins resembling PSA are synthesized from thehKLK3gene and secreted in blood. Combined Northern blotting, molecular cloninganddatabase searching showed that thehKLK3gene produces at least 15 transcripts ranging in size from 0.7 to 6.1 kb. Polysomal distribution analysis revealed that the transcripts shorter than 3.

9p tumor12 20-04-2013 55 2   Download

Activation of a calcium-sensing receptor (Ca-SR) leads to increased intracellular calcium concentration and altered cellular activities. The expression of Ca-SR has been iden-tified in both nonexcitable and excitable cells, including neurons and smooth muscle cells. Whether Ca-SR was expressed and functioning in cardiac myocytes remained unclear. In the present study, the transcripts of Ca-SR were identified in rat heart tissues usingRT-PCRthat was further confirmed by sequence analysis.

9p fptmusic 16-04-2013 52 2   Download

TheRel/NF-jBfamilyof transcription factorsplaykey roles in morphogenesis and immune responses. We reported previously that As-rel1 and As-rel2 of the ascidianHalo-cynthia roretziare involved in notochord formation. The As-rel1 protein is a typical Rel/NF-jB family member, whereas the As-rel2 protein is a novel truncated product of As-rel1 that lacks a nuclear localization signal and the unique C-terminal region. Here, we present conclusive evi-dence that As-rel1 and As-rel2 are generated from a single gene by alternative splicing....

10p fptmusic 12-04-2013 40 2   Download

Death inducer obliterator protein 1 [DIDO1; also termed DIO-1 and death-associated transcription factor 1 (DATF-1)] is encoded by a gene thus far described only in higher vertebrates. Current gene ontology descriptions for this gene assign its function to an apoptosis-related pro-cess. The protein presents distinct splice variants and is distributed ubiqui-tously.

7p fptmusic 11-04-2013 39 2   Download

The budding yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaepossesses a very flexible and complex programme of gene expression when exposed to a plethora of environmental insults. Therefore, yeast cell homeostasis control is achieved through a highly coordinated mechanism of transcription regulation invol-ving several factors, each performing specific functions. Here, we present our current knowledge of the function of the yeast activator protein family, formed by eight basic-leucine zipper trans-activators, which have been shown to play an important role in stress response....

0p awards 06-04-2013 54 2   Download

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a key enzyme in the production of prosta-glandins that are major inflammatory agents. COX-2 production is trig-gered by exposure to various cytokines and to bacterial endotoxins. We present here a novel role for the Ets transcription factor ESE-1 in regula-ting the COX-2gene in response to endotoxin and other pro-inflammatory stimuli. We report that the induction of COX-2expression by lipopoly-saccharide (LPS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines correlates with ESE-1 induction in monocyte⁄macrophages. ...

12p awards 06-04-2013 38 3   Download

PKR is an interferon-induced serine-threonine protein kinase that plays an important role in the mediation of the antiviral and antiproliferative actions of interferons. PKR is present at low basal levels in cells and its expression is induced at the transcriptional level by interferons. PKR’s kin-ase activity stays latent until it binds to its activator. In the case of virally infected cells, double-stranded (ds) RNA serves as PKR’s activator.

15p awards 06-04-2013 31 2   Download

Prion diseases are characterized by the accumulation of a pathogenic mis-folded form of a prion protein (PrP) encoded by the Prnpgene in humans. In the present study in zebrafish, two transcripts and the corresponding genes encoding prion proteins, PrP1 and PrP2, related to human PrP have been characterized with a relatively divergent deduced amino acid sequence, but a well preserved overall organization of structural prion pro-tein motifs.

14p awards 05-04-2013 40 2   Download

Loss of cannabinoid receptors (CB1) occurs prior to neuro-degeneration in Huntington’s disease (HD). The levels and distribution of CB1 RNA were equivalent in 3-week-old mice regardless of genotype demonstrating that the specific factors and appropriate chromatin structure that lead to the transcription ofCB1were present in the striatum of young R6/2 and R6/1 transgenic HD mice.

12p awards 05-04-2013 55 5   Download

Thec-jun belongs to the family of proto-oncogenes and encodes for the protein Jun, a component of transcription factorAP-1 involved in regulation of the expression of genes indispensable for cell proliferation and differentiation. While the role ofc-junin the regulation of such genes has been well examined, the regulation ofc-junin proliferating cells is not fully understood.

11p awards 05-04-2013 31 3   Download

As an essential element, selenium is present in enzymes from several families, including glutathione peroxidases, and is thought to exert anticarcinogenic properties. A remarkable feature of selenium consists of its ability to oxidize thiols under reducing conditions. Thus, one mode of action recently suggested is the oxidation of thiol groups of metal-lothionein, thereby providing zinc for essential reactions.

10p awards 05-04-2013 46 3   Download