Các phương tiện ngôn ngữ tình thái chức phận biểu đạt nghĩa cầu khiến trong tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt

NGdN N G C & Ddi S 6 N G<br /> <br /> Sl9(239)-2015<br /> <br /> CAC PHirONG TI$N NGON N G C TINH THAI<br /> CHU'C PHAN BIEU D^T NGHIA CAU K H I £ N<br /> TRONG TIENG ANH VA TIENG VIET<br /> DEONTIC LINGUISTIC MEANS EXPRESS DIRECTIVE MEANINGS<br /> IN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMBSE<br /> Btll THI »AO<br /> (TS; Tru4nig D«i hgc Quy Nhon)<br /> NGUYfiN THJ PHirONG NGQC<br /> (ThS; Tru«nig D«i hf c Quy Nhcm)<br /> Abstract: In this paper, theresearcherhas attempted to cany out a contrastive analysis of DM<br /> expressing directives in terms of syntactic and semantic features in English and Vietnamese. The<br /> main fmdings of paper show that while categories of DM expressing directives are univeisal<br /> across languages, linguistic means available to speakers of different languages may differ, for<br /> example, Vietnamese has an intricate system of sentence or utterance particles which have no<br /> equivalences in English. Furthermore, English and Vietnamese also differ in thefiequenciesof<br /> usage of such linguistic means in expressing directive meanings.<br /> Key words: deontic modality (DM); directives; diiective meanings.<br /> 1. Khii ni|m<br /> Tinh thdi (TT) \k mpt thknh to quan trpng<br /> trong ngon ngO d§ dugc nghien ciiu tii c4c<br /> blnh di^n khfic nhau nhu: ngtt ph^, ngO" nghia<br /> vk ngii d\mg. Vi^c nghiSn ciiu cdch diin d?t i<br /> nghia TT trong ngon ngO \k mpt trong nhOng<br /> vin de phiic t(ip. Theo Palmer (2003), "TT<br /> dupc thsrc hipn khdng chi qua phuong ti^n trg<br /> tCr, tit vpig mi cdn bdi danh tit, tinh tCr, trjng<br /> tCr, thinh ngO, tilu tir, thftc vi ngfi di$u". Ba<br /> lo»i TTphSn biptttongh$ thong TT tifog Anh,<br /> dd li: TT nhgn thuc, TT chuc phgn vk TT<br /> trgng huing. Nghien citu niy t?p trung vio<br /> mOt loji TT chuc phgn. Theo Van der Auwera<br /> vi Plungian (1998), "TT chiirc p h ^ li m^t<br /> thuH ngO bao quit de bifc thi cic khii ni^ra<br /> vh ngO nghia nhu khd ning, s^ cin thiet, gii<br /> thuylt, svr bdt bu§c vi m^nh l$nh", Theo<br /> Nguyen Vdn Hi$p (2008), "Trong tilng Vi$t,<br /> TT chiic phjn hay TT d?o nghia cOng bieu thj<br /> sf bdt buOc, nhipm vy, sv can thiet". Bdy cung<br /> Id djnh nghia sii d(mg cho cho de tdi nghien<br /> ctxu ndy.<br /> <br /> Bdi vilt nhdm tim ra nhihig dilm tuong<br /> ding vd khdc bi?t cda cdc phucmg ti§n TTt<br /> chdc phgn bilu djt svr chi khiln bimg tilng<br /> Anh vi so sinh V(M tilng Vi$t, thdng qua cic<br /> cdu hdi nghi&i cOru c4n 1dm rd: 1) Cic phuong<br /> ti^n ngdn ngO TT chuc phgn bilu d$t sy du<br /> khiln tieng Anh vd tieng Vipt; 2) Svr gilng vi<br /> khic nhau cda cdc phuong ti?n ngdn ngU TT<br /> chic phdn bleu d?t svr cSu khiln vl c4u true<br /> ngfi phdp, ngii nghia vi t k suit xuit hi^n<br /> trong tilng Anh vi tilng Vi^.<br /> Dl so sdnh vd doi chilu cic phuong ti?n<br /> ngdn ngti TT chuc phdn bilu d?t svr c4u kM&<br /> (directives) trong tilng Anh vd tilng Vipt, bii<br /> vilt sil dvmg 13 phuong tipn ngdn ngO im<br /> xem nhu li khung li thuylt vd phdn lo?i chlnli<br /> dl so sanh dli chilu giSa tieng Anh vi tieng<br /> Vipt (dvia tren cdc nghidn cihi vd phan lo^