Nghieân cöùu Y hoïc<br />
<br />
Y Hoïc TP. Hoà Chí Minh * Taäp 7 * Phuï baûn cuûa Soá 1 * 2003<br />
<br />
CHAÅN ÑOAÙN VAØ ÑIEÀU TRÒ XUAÁT HUYEÁT<br />
GIAÛM TIEÅU CAÀU MIEÃN DÒCH<br />
Laâm Thò Myõ*, Nguyeãn Troïng Laân**, Nguyeãn Kim Höng**, Nguyeãn Thanh Huøng**,<br />
Leâ Taán Baûo**<br />
<br />
TOÙM TAÉT<br />
Qua nghieân cöùu 137 ca bò XHGTCMD nhaäp vieän BVNÑ1 töø 01/06/02-30/1202,chuùng toâi ghi nhaän ñöôïc<br />
moät soá ñaëc ñieåm veà XHGTCMD ôû treû em nhö sau: Theå beänh caáp tính chieám öu theá 71.5%, theå maïn chæ coù<br />
18.2%. Theå XHGTCMD caáp coù treû döôùi 6 tuoåi maéc beänh chieám 89.8%., nam bò nhieàu hôn nöõ. Theå<br />
XHGTCMD maïn thì coù treû treân 6 tuoåi nhieàu hôn, tæ leä treû nöõ cao hôn nam. Daáu hieäu xuaát huyeát naëng ñeàu coù<br />
tæ leä cao ôû theå XHGTCMD caáp vaø maïn. Daáu hieäu thieáu maùu ít gaëp coù tæ leä thaáp do haäu quûa cuûa xuaát huyeát<br />
naëng. Tieåu caàu giaûm naëng ñeàu coù tæ leä cao ôû caû hai theå caáp vaø maïn. Ñieàu trò XHGTCMD chuû yeáu laø<br />
prednisone 60.5%, ngoaøi ra ñoái vôùi caùc ca coù xuaát huyeát naëng ñöôïc ñieàu trò vôùi Methylprednisolone vaø<br />
prednisone chieám 35.7%. Keát quûa ñieàu trò khoâng coù ca töû vong, coù moät tröôøng hôïp xuaát huyeát naõo ôû beänh<br />
nhaân XHGTCmaïn, vaø 14.8%% ca XHGTC maïn vaø baùn caáp bò bieán chöùng Cushing do duøng steroid. Ñieàu naøy<br />
cho thaáy dieãn tieán beänh cuûa XHGTCMD ôû treû em raát phöùc taïp.<br />
<br />
SUMMARY<br />
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOGENIC PURPURA:<br />
Lam Thi My, Nguyen Trong Lan, Nguyen Kim Höng, Nguyen Thanh Hung, Le Tan Bao * Y Hoc TP.<br />
Ho Chi Minh * Vol. 7 * Supplement of No 1: 33 - 37<br />
<br />
Through evaluating 137 cases of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) hospitalizing in the<br />
Children’s Hospital No.1, from 1st June 2002 to 30th Dec 2002, there are some points we note: 71.5% cases<br />
patients got the acute ITP, whereas the rate for the chronic ITP was 18.2%. In the acute ITP, 89.8% cases<br />
were children under 6 years of age, and boys were more likely to get this form than girls. On the contrary,<br />
children above 6 years of age, especially for girls, were the higher group to get the chronic ITP. Severe<br />
thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage were frequently seen in both forms, acute or chronic ITP. Anemia was<br />
less common, due to severe bleeding. The main treatment was corticosteroid therapy with prednisone in<br />
60.5% patients; moreover in some cases of severe hemorrhage (35.7%), patients received<br />
methylprednisolone and oral prednisone. The result of treatment showed that there is no fatal case, one<br />
chronic ITP patient had intracranial hemorrhage and 13.8% patients with subacute and chronic ITP had<br />
Cushing syndrome related to steroid use. This indicated that the monitoring for infant ITP was very<br />
complicated.<br />
treû em. Vaán ñeà chaån ñoaùn vaø ñieàu trò XHGTCMD<br />
ÑAËT VAÁN ÑEÀ<br />
khoâng phöùc taïp, tuy nhieân theo doõi,chæ ñònh ñieàu<br />
XHGTCMD laø moät trong caùc nguyeân nhaân gaây<br />
trò,chæ ñònh ngöng thuoác,taùi khaùm beänh nhaân<br />
xuaát huyeát thöôøng gaëp nhaát ôû treû em.Taïi beänh vieän<br />
XHGTC caáp cuõng nhö maõn chöa ñöôïc oån ñònh vaø<br />
Nhi Ñoàng 1,haøng naêm treû bò XHGTCMD nhaäp<br />
thoáng nhaát. Ñeå goùp phaàn naâng cao hieäu quaû ñieàu trò,<br />
vieän,chieám tæ leä cao nhaát trong caùc beänh huyeát hoïc ôû<br />
* *TS BS Giaûng vieân chính Boä Moân Nhi, ÑH YD TP. HCM<br />
** Beänh vieän nhi ñoàng 1 – TP. Hoà Chí Minh<br />
<br />
Chuyeân ñeà Nhi<br />
<br />
33<br />
<br />
Y Hoïc TP. Hoà Chí Minh * Taäp 7 * Phuï baûn cuûa Soá 1 * 2003<br />
<br />
Nghieân cöùu Y hoïc<br />
<br />
chuùng toâi tieán haønh nghieân cöùu XHGTCMD, ñaët<br />
troïng taâm vaøo thaùi ñoä chaån ñoaùn,ñieàu trò vaø theo doõi<br />
dieãn tieán cuûa XHGTCMD baùn caáp vaø maõn tính ôû treû<br />
em.<br />
<br />
Xöû lyù döõ kieän vaøphaân tích döõ kieän<br />
<br />
Muïc tieâu nghieân cöùu<br />
<br />
Tæ leä caùc theå xuaát huyeát giaûm tieåu caàu<br />
mieãn dòch (XHGTCMD)<br />
<br />
Ñaùnh giaù tình hình ñieàu trò xuaát huyeát giaûm tieåu<br />
caàu mieãn dòch hieän nay taïi beänh vieän Nhi Ñoàng 1, töø<br />
ñoù choïn ra phöông thöùc ñieàu trò coù hieäu quûa an toaøn<br />
vaø kinh teá cho beänh nhaân.<br />
<br />
PHÖÔNG PHAÙP NGHIEÂN CÖÙU<br />
Thieát keá nghieân cöùu:<br />
Tieàn cöùu moâ taû.<br />
Daân soá nghieân cöùu<br />
Beänh nhaân 30<br />
<br />
72<br />
<br />
5<br />
<br />
9<br />
<br />
21<br />
<br />
107(78.1)<br />
<br />
BC (/mm3)<br />
≤ 5000<br />
≤ 20000<br />
<br />
3<br />
95<br />
<br />
0<br />
5<br />
<br />
0<br />
9<br />
<br />
1<br />
23<br />
<br />
4(2.9)<br />
131(95.6)<br />
<br />
> 20000<br />
0<br />
BCÑNTT (/mm3)<br />
≤ 1500<br />
3<br />
<br />
0<br />
<br />
0<br />
<br />
1<br />
<br />
2(1.4)<br />
<br />
0<br />
<br />
0<br />
<br />
1<br />
<br />
4(2.9)<br />
<br />
≤ 10000<br />
> 10000<br />
Pheát maùu<br />
Bình<br />
thöôøng<br />
Tuyû ñoà<br />
<br />
93<br />
2<br />
<br />
5<br />
0<br />
<br />
9<br />
0<br />
<br />
24<br />
0<br />
<br />
131(95.6)<br />
2(1.4)<br />
<br />
66<br />
<br />
3<br />
<br />
7<br />
<br />
17<br />
<br />
93(67.9)<br />
<br />
Bình<br />
thöôøng<br />
VS<br />
ANA TEST<br />
LE.CELL<br />
TC<br />
<br />
2<br />
<br />
0<br />
<br />
0<br />
<br />
2<br />
<br />
4 (3.0)<br />
<br />
0<br />
1<br />
1<br />
98<br />
<br />
1<br />
0<br />
0<br />
5<br />
<br />
0<br />
1<br />
0<br />
9<br />
<br />
3<br />
4<br />
0<br />
25<br />
<br />
4(3.0)<br />
6 (4.3)<br />
1(0.7)<br />
137<br />
<br />
Keát quaû VS:<br />
<br />
Chuyeân ñeà Nhi<br />
<br />
XHGTCTP:30/40mm<br />
XHGTCMDM:11/30 mm; 20/48mm; 4/10mm.<br />
Ñaëc ñieåm ñieàu trò xuaát huyeát giaûm<br />
tieåu caàu mieãn dòch<br />
Baûng 5. Ñaëc ñieåm ñieàu trò xuaát huyeát giaûm tieåu caàu<br />
mieãn dòch<br />
Ñaëc Tính<br />
<br />
XHGTC XHGTC XHGTC XHGTC<br />
caáp taùi phaùt baùn<br />
MD<br />
caáp<br />
maïn<br />
Khoâng ÑT<br />
1<br />
1<br />
2<br />
0<br />
Prednisone<br />
56<br />
2<br />
5<br />
20<br />
Humaglobin<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
Methylp + pred<br />
41<br />
2<br />
2<br />
4<br />
Humaglobin +<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
1<br />
methylp<br />
Thôøi Gian Ñieàu Trò<br />
≤7<br />
48<br />
4<br />
2<br />
11<br />
<br />
Toång<br />
Coäng<br />
4(3.0)<br />
83(60.5)<br />
0(0)<br />
49(35.7)<br />
1(0.7)<br />
<br />
65(47.4)<br />
<br />
≤ 14<br />
<br />
44<br />
<br />
1<br />
<br />
4<br />
<br />
10<br />
<br />
59(43.6)<br />
<br />
> 14<br />
<br />
6<br />
<br />
0<br />
<br />
3<br />
<br />
4<br />
<br />
13(9.5)<br />
<br />
Keát Quaû<br />
TOÁT<br />
<br />
98<br />
<br />
5<br />
<br />
6<br />
<br />
10<br />
<br />
119<br />
(86.8)<br />
<br />
Bieán chöùng<br />
Chuyeån vieän<br />
TÖÛ<br />
<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
<br />
0<br />
0<br />
0<br />
<br />
3<br />
0<br />
0<br />
<br />
15<br />
0<br />
0<br />
<br />
19(13.8)<br />
0<br />
<br />
TC<br />
<br />
98<br />
<br />
5<br />
<br />
9<br />
<br />
25<br />
<br />
137<br />
<br />
BAØN LUAÄN<br />
Caùc theå xuaát huyeát giaûm tieåu caàu<br />
mieãn dòch (XHGTCMD)<br />
XHGTCMD caáp coù tæ leä cao nhaát 71.5%, nhoùm<br />
maïn chæ chieám 18.2%, ngoaøi ra coøn hai nhoùm trung<br />
gian laø baùn caáp vaø taùi phaùt ñeå chæ caùc ca coù daáu xuaát<br />
huyeát keùo daøi vaø tieåu caàu