Đề cương ôn tập HK 2 môn tiếng Anh lớp 11 năm 2015-2016 - THPT Hùng Vương

TRƯỜNG THPT HÙNG VƯƠNG<br /> TỔ KHOA HỌC XÃ HỘI<br /> ======<br /> <br /> CỘNG HOÀ XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM<br /> Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc<br /> ======<br /> <br /> ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP HỌC KÌ II<br /> MÔN ANH VĂN KHỐI 11<br /> I/ PHONENICS:<br /> 1. Distinguishing the sounds: /s/, /ed/, /t∫/, /h/, /w/, /br/, /dr/, //, /sw/, /∫r/, /skw/, /t/, /d/, /s/, /z/.<br /> 2. Stress two sounds and three sounds.<br /> II/ VOCABULARY: (From unit 9 - unit 16)<br /> Choose the words or phrase that the same meaning or the opposition meaning.<br /> III/ GRAMMAR<br /> UNIT 8:<br /> PRONOUNS ONE(S), SOMEONE, NO ONE, ANYONE, EVERYONE<br /> 1. One(s): Hình thức số nhiều của one là ones. One thay thế cho danh từ số ít, ones thay thế cho danh từ<br /> số nhiều nhằm tránh sự lặp lại.<br /> 2. Some và any: (một vài, một ít…)<br /> - Some thường dùng trong câu khẳng định<br /> - Any thường dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn.<br /> * Trường hợp đặc biệt:<br /> - Some dùng trong câu nghi vấn khi người hỏi chờ câu trả lời “Yes”.<br /> - Any dùng trong câu khẳng định sau các từ mang nghĩa phủ định: never, rarely, hardly, without.<br /> 2.1. Someone, anyone(somebody, anybody), anything, something.<br /> Someone, anyone, anything, something có cách sử dụng giống như some và any.<br /> 3. Everyone, everybody, everything: mean “all people or things in a group”<br /> 4. No one, nothing: No people, no thing.<br /> Sau nothing, No one không dùng dạng phủ định.<br /> Followed by a singular verb.<br /> Someone<br /> Anyone<br /> indefinite pronouns.<br /> Everyone<br /> No one<br /> Refer back to them in a sentence.<br /> with they/them/their.<br /> UNIT 9<br /> RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE AND NON-RESTRICTIVE CLAUSE<br /> Restrictive clause<br /> People<br /> Things<br /> Subject pronouns: Who/that<br /> Subject pronoun: Which/that<br /> The man who/that is standing over there is a<br /> The book which/that is on the table is mine.<br /> teacher.<br /> Object pronouns: Who/whom/that/Ø<br /> Object pronoun: which/that/Ø<br /> The man who/whom/that/Ø you met is a scientist.<br /> The book which/that/Ø you read is good.<br /> Non-restrictive clause<br /> People<br /> Things<br /> Subject pronoun: who<br /> Subject pronoun: which<br /> Tom, who met you yesterday, is a teacher.<br /> Object pronoun: whom<br /> Object pronoun: which<br /> Tom, whom you met yesterday, is a teacher.<br /> My exercise book, which is on the table, is green.<br /> 1<br /> <br /> WHOSE AND OF WHICH<br /> Whose<br /> People and things<br /> This is the man. His son is my friend.<br /> -> This is the man whose son is my friend.<br /> This is the book. Its cover is nice.<br /> -> This is the book whose cover is nice.<br /> <br /> Of which<br /> Things<br /> This is the book. Its cover is nice.<br /> -> This is the book of which the cover is nice.<br /> -> This is the book the cover of which is nice.<br /> <br /> UNIT 10<br /> PRONOUN USED AS THE OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION<br /> Preposition + object pronoun<br /> Object pronoun + S_V + preposition<br /> People: prep. + Whom<br /> People: who/whom/that/Ø + S_V + prep.<br /> She is the woman. I told you about her.<br /> She is the woman. I told you about her<br /> -> she is the woman about whom I told you.<br /> -> She is the woman who/whom/that/Ø<br /> I told you about.<br /> Things: prep. + Which<br /> Things: which/that/Ø<br /> The music is good. You listen to it last night.<br /> The music is good. You listen to it last night.<br /> -> The music to which you listen last night is good. The music which/that/Ø you listen to last night is<br /> good.<br /> <br /> ADVERB PRONOUNS: WHERE, WHEN AND WHY<br /> 1. Where: The place (city, country, room, mountain…) where…<br /> The building is very old. He lives there. (in that<br /> Where is used in an adjective clause to modify a<br /> place (city, country, room…).<br /> building)<br /> -> the building where he lives is very old.<br /> If where is used, a preposition is not included in the<br /> -> the building in which he lives is very old.<br /> adjective clause. If where is not used, the<br /> -> the building which/that/Ø he lives in is very old. preposition must be included.<br /> <br /> 2. When: The time (the year, the month, the day, July…) when…<br /> I’ll never forget the day. I met you then. (on that<br /> - When is used in an adjective clause to modify a<br /> noun of time (year, day, time…)<br /> day)<br /> a.->I’ll never forget the day when I met you.<br /> - A preposition preceding which can be used as in<br /> b.->I’ll never forget the day on which I met you.<br /> (b). Otherwise, the preposition is omitted.<br /> c.->I’ll never forget the day that/Ø I met you.<br /> 3. why: The reason why…<br /> I don’t know the reason why/that/Ø they are<br /> closing the factory.<br /> <br /> Why/that/Ø can be used in adjective clause to<br /> modify the reason.<br /> <br /> UNIT 11<br /> RELATIVE CLAUSES REPLACED BY PARTICIPLES AND TO INFINITIVES<br /> 1. Rút gọn bằng cách sử dụng cụm phân từ (participle phrase).<br /> a. cụm phân từ hiện tại: present participle: V_ing.<br /> Nếu mệnh đề tính từ ở hình thức chủ động (active), sử dụng cụm phân từ hiện tại.<br /> Ex: Do you know the boy who broke the window yesterday?<br /> -> Do you know the boy breaking the window yesterday?<br /> b. Cụm phân từ quá khứ: past participle: V_ed/v3<br /> Nếu mệnh đề tính từ ở hình thức bị động (passive), sử dụng cụm phân từ quá khứ.<br /> Ex: The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy.<br /> 2<br /> <br /> ->The students punished by the teacher are lazy.<br /> 2. Rút gọn bằng cách sử dụng cụm nguyên mẫu (to-infinitive phrase).<br /> Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ bằng cách sử dụng cụm nguyên mẫu khi trong câu có sử dụng:<br /> - The first, the second … the next, the last … only…<br /> Ex: The last person who leaves the room must turn off the light.<br /> -> The last person to leave the room must turn off the light.<br /> - So sánh nhất.<br /> Ex: She is the youngest student who took part in the race.<br /> -> She is the youngest student to took part in the race.<br /> Lưu ý:<br /> Không rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ khi đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ của mệnh đề quan hệ.<br /> UNIT 12<br /> THE OMISSION OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS<br /> Ex: The man who you met last night is a scientist.<br /> -> The man you met last night is a scientist.<br /> Điều kiện để có thể rút gọn đại từ quan hệ:<br /> 1. Mệnh đề quan hệ phải là mệnh đề giới hạn (restrictive clause)<br /> 2. Đại từ quan hệ làm tân ngữ (object pronoun)<br /> Lưu ý:<br /> - Không được lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ đối với mệnh đề không giới hạn (non-restrictive clause).<br /> - Không được lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ khi đại từ quan hệ làm chủ ngữ (subject pronoun).<br /> UNIT 13<br /> CLEFT SENTENCES<br /> ( Câu chẻ - câu nhấn mạnh )<br /> A. cleft sentences in active:<br /> 1. Subject focus: We use cleft sentence to emphasize the subject of the action.<br /> Ex: The man gave her the book. => It was the man who gave her the book.<br /> It is/was + s + who/that + v + …<br /> 2. Object focus : We use cleft sentences to emphasize the object of the action.<br /> Ex: The boy hit the dog in the garden. => It was the dog that the boy hit in the garden.<br /> It is/was + o + who(m)/that + s_v + …<br /> 3. Adverbial focus: We use cleft sentences to emphasize the adverb ( time / place / …… )<br /> It is / was + adverbial phrase + clause ( S + V + …..)<br /> Ex2 : The boy hit the dog in the garden. => It was in the garden that the boy hit the dog.<br /> It is/was + adverbial + that + s_v + …<br /> <br /> UNIT 14<br /> CONJUNCTIONS: BOTH … AND …, NOT ONLY … BUT ALSO …<br /> NEITHER … NOR …, EITHER … OR …<br /> 1. Both … and …, not only … but also …<br /> Ex 1: She is old. She is also fat.<br /> -> She is both old and fat.<br /> -> She is not only old but also fat.<br /> 3<br /> <br /> Form:<br /> Both + adj + and + adj<br /> Not only + adj + but also + adj<br /> Ex 2: Viet is handsome. Duc is also handsome.<br /> -> Both Viet and Duc are handsome.<br /> -> Not only Viet but also Duc is handsome.<br /> Form:<br /> Both + noun + and + noun<br /> Not only + noun + but also + noun<br /> 2. Either … or … (hoặc… hoặc); Neither … nor (không … cũng không).<br /> a. Either … or ….<br /> Ex 1: We travel to Ha Noi by train. We travel to Ha Noi by plane.<br /> -> We travel to Ha Noi by either train or plane.<br /> -> Either train or plane is used to travel to Ha Noi.<br /> b. Neither … nor ….<br /> Ex 2: Smoking is not allowed in this restaurant. Drinking is not allowed in this restaurant.<br /> -> Mr. John can neither smoke nor drink in this restaurant/Neither smoking nor drinking is allowed in<br /> this restaurant.<br /> CLEFT SENTENCES IN PASSIVE<br /> Ex: The boy hit the dog in the garden.<br /> -> It was the dog that was hit in the garden<br /> It is/was + o + who/that + be + Ved/V3 …<br /> UNIT 15<br /> COULD / BE ABLE TO<br /> I. Could:<br /> Could dùng trong quá khứ để:<br /> 1. Đề cập đển khả năng chung<br /> Ex: when I was young, I could run fast.<br /> 2. Diễn tả sự cho / được phép làm điều gì.<br /> Ex 2. when I was a university student, I could go out as late as I want.<br /> Could dùng trong ngữ cảnh hiện tại để:<br /> 1. Diễn tả khả năng hay một điều không chắc chắn.<br /> Ex: where is John?. He could be at home. (less than 50% certainty)<br /> 2. Đưa ra yêu cầu một cách lịch sự.<br /> Ex: Could I borrow your pen?<br /> 3. Xin phép hay cho phép.<br /> Could I use your computer? Yes, you could do it.<br /> II. Be able to:<br /> 1. Be able to dùng ở thì quá khứ đơn (was / were able to) để diễn tả một nỗ lực thành công trong quá khứ<br /> (tương tự như managed to)<br /> Ex: They were able to reach the top of Mt. Everest yesterday.<br /> 2. Dùng để diễn tả khả năng thực hiện một công việc tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ.<br /> Ex: He was able to run two miles yesterday without stopping or slowing down.<br /> Chú ý:<br /> Ở dạng phủ định không có sự khác nhau giữa could và was / were able to.<br /> 4<br /> <br /> UNIT 16<br /> IT IS SAID THAT …<br /> PEOPLE SAY THAT …<br /> Khi chủ từ của câu tường thuật chủ động là they hoặc people và các động từ tường thuật như: say, know,<br /> acknowledge, assume, believe, claim, consider, feel, find, think, suppose, understand, expect, report … thì<br /> ta có thể đổi chúng sang bị động bằng một trong hai cách sau:<br /> 1.sử dụng chủ ngữ giả it:<br /> Ex: People say that he is intelligent.<br /> -> It is said that he is intelligent.<br /> Form:<br /> It is/was said that + S_V<br /> 2. sử dụng chủ ngữ thật:<br /> Ex: People say that he is intelligent.<br /> -> He is said to be intelligent.<br /> Form:<br /> S + is said + to - infinitive<br /> IV/ WRITING:<br /> 1. Choose the sentence that has the same meaning as the original.<br /> 2. Choose the correct option by circling the correct letter.<br /> 3. Choose the one word or phrases that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.<br /> 4. rewrite the sentence that has the same meaning as the given one.<br /> V. READING: Choose the correct option to fit each space in passage or choose the best answer to the<br /> questions in passage follow these topics:<br /> Friendship; Volunteer work; World population; Celebrations; Illiteracy; The post office; Nature in<br /> danger; Sources of energy; The Asian Games; Hobbies; Recreation.<br /> VI. LISTENING<br /> 1. Listen and choose true/false statement.<br /> 2. Listen and fill in the blanks.<br /> 3. Listen and choose the correct answer.<br /> VII. EXERCISES<br /> I. Change the following sentences into the passive voice.<br /> 1. They grow rice in tropical countries.<br /> → _______________________________________________________________________<br /> 2. Mr. Green loves his children very much.<br /> → ______________________________________________________________________<br /> 3. People don’t speak French here.<br /> → _______________________________________________________________________<br /> 4. Someone broke his windows last night.<br /> → _______________________________________________________________________<br /> 5. The police didn’t find the lost boy yesterday.<br /> → _______________________________________________________________________<br /> 6. About thirty million people are watching this live show now.<br /> → _______________________________________________________________________<br /> 7. They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time.<br /> 5<br /> <br />