Figure Drawing - Beer and Deer

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Bear characteristics: Large, powerful body; powerful limbs appear relatively short. Rear feet wide. Walks on sole and heel of rear foot and usually on digits of front foot. Five digits per limb with long, curved, nonretractile claws. Front claws longer than rear claws. Large head, small eyes. Small, round, erect, furry ears. Large canines; flat, grinding molars. Short tail. Arched back, high shoulder. Grizzly has most prominent shoulder hump and dished, slightly concave face (in profile). Can have very thick layer of fur. Grizzly and brown bear belong to the same species, but differ in geographical range and size....

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Nội dung Text: Figure Drawing - Beer and Deer

156 BEAR * ANATOMY BROWN BEAR Ursus arctos (from specimen photo; from specimen;afterblainvillele Bear characteristics: Large, powerful body; powerful limbs appear carpi ulnaris; ED1&2 Extensor digit! I & II; ED1L Extensor digit! I longus; EDBr relatively short. Rear feet wide. Walks on sole and heel of rear foot and Extensor digitorum brevis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal usually on digits of front foot. Five digits per limb with long, curved, oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDBr Flexor digitorum nonretractile claws. Front claws longer than rear claws. Large head, brevis; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; small eyes. Small, round, erect, furry ears. Large canines; flat, grinding Gas La Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head; GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Grac Gracilis; Ilioc molars. Short tail. Arched back, high shoulder. Grizzly has most promi- Iliocostalis; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator nent shoulder hump and dished, slightly concave face (in profile). labii maxillaris; Longi Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Can have very thick layer of fur. Grizzly and brown bear belong to the Mylohyoid; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; same species, but differ in geographical range and size. The giant OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecPr Pectoralis profundus; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerBr Peroneus brevis; PerLo Peroneus longus; panda is now considered to be a member of the bear family, not the Plant Plantaris; PrTer Pronator teres; RecAb Rectus abdominis; Sart Sartorius; raccoon family. SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Sol Soleus; Stcph Sternocephalicus; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Supra AbDl L Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor digit! V; Bicep Biceps brachii; Supraspinatus; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCa Tibialis BiFem Biceps femoris; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Brrad caudalis; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trach Trachea; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral Brachioradialis; Bucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Corac Coracobrachialis; DelAc head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; TriMe Triceps brachii, medial head; Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; Digas Digastric; ECRB VasLa l/osfus lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus. Extensor carpi radialis brevis; ECRL Extensor carpi radialis longus; ECU Extensor
BEAR > ANATOMY 157 (after curverd) GRIZZLY BEAR Ursus arctos
158 BEAR > PROPORTION BROWN/GRIZZLY BEAR BLACK BEAR
BEAR » PROPORTION 159 POLAR BEAR GIANT PANDA
160 DEER > ANATOMY (after ellenberger;skullfrom specimen) Deer (cervid) characteristics: Male has branching, bony antlers, which EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; are shed and regrown every year; maximum size is reached before mat- FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; GasLa ing begins. Antlers shed after mating season. Both male and female cari- Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head; Glubi bou and reindeer have antlers. No upper teeth in front. Generally grace- Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal ful, delicate, and light; elk and moose are heavier species in deer family. oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; Longi Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass Straight, horizontal back line usually in the lighter species. Neck of Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; female thinner and more delicate than male. Thin limbs. Four digits per OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecAs Pectoralis ascendens; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; limb, only middle two are functional; outer and inner digits very reduced. PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; RecAb Rectus abdominis; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVT Serratus ven- Hoofs on toes. Walks on toes. Short tail. tralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Stend Semitendinosus; Stman Sternomandibularis; Stmas Sternomastoid; Stthh Stemothyrohyoid; SusLi AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc Suspensory ligament; Temp Temporalis; TenFA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; TenFL Buccinator; Canin Caninus; Clmas Cleidomastoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; DelAc Tensor fasciae latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, Deltoid, acromiat portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; DLaMn Depressor labii lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa l/fosfus mandibularis; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus.
DEER > ANATOMY l6l (afterellenberger,antless added) WHITE-TAILED DEER (MALE) Odocoileus virginianus
162 CERVID (DEER FAMILY) > PROPORTION WHITE-TAILED DEER ELK (WAPITI)
CERVID (DEER FAMILY) » PROPORTION 163 MOOSE CARIBOU
164 GIRAFFE » ANATOMY Giraffe characteristics: Very tall with long neck (elongated neck vertebrae) and long limbs. Bony prominences of neck vertebrae can be seen on the surface; brachiocephalicus and omotransver- sarius muscles, which usually cover the neck, begin low on the side of the neck, rather than up at the skull and first neck vertebra. Back line slopes downward toward rear. Usually three, permanent, bony "horns" in both male and female, covered with skin and fur. Two located on either side of rear of skull (may be topped with hairy tufts); third horn (sometimes only a knob) wider, stubbier, and of variable size, located on midline in front of the other horns, is more developed in the male. Long, mobile, prehensile lips; long tongue. Nostrils closable. Large eyes with long lashes. No front teeth in upper jaw. Two digits with hoofs per limb. Walks on toes. Long tail with long hair from tip. Upright mane on midline of neck. AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus Bucc Buccinator; Canin Caninus; DelAc Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superflcialis; Front Frontatis; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head; Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Ilioc Iliocostalis; Infra Infraspinatus; Inttr Intertransversarii; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; LngCa Longus capi- tis; LngCo Longus colli; LonAt Longissimus atlantis; LonCa Longissimus capitis; LonCe Longissimus cervicis; Long! Longissimus; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; OCCau Obliquus capitis caudalis; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecAs Pectoralis ascendens; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; Pop Popliteus; RecFe Rectus femoris; ScalV Scalenus ventralis; SemCa Semispinalis capitis; SerVC Serratus ventralis cervicis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stman Sternomandibularis; SusLi Suspensory ligament; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trach Trachea; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa Vastus lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus. (after blainvilee;skull from specimen)