Giáo dục và các vấn đề lí luận: Phần 2

5.<br /> <br /> T r a n T h i Tuyet Oanh (chu bien), Giao due hoc, tap 2.<br /> N X B D H S P , H a N o i , 2005.<br /> <br /> 6.<br /> <br /> V u M i n h T a m . Ml hoc vd giao due tham ml. N X B Giao<br /> <br /> •f^<br /> <br /> due, 1998.<br /> <br /> 7.<br /> <br /> Hoat<br /> <br /> dgng giao<br /> <br /> due lao dgng - Hudng<br /> <br /> 2000 - 2001 vd phiidng<br /> 8.<br /> 9.<br /> <br /> nghiep<br /> <br /> Chirdng 4<br /> PHl/ONG PHAP GIAO DUG<br /> <br /> nam hoc<br /> Phifdng phap giao due la mot t h a n h to r a t quan t r o n g<br /> <br /> hiCdng nam hoc 2001 - 2002. (Bo<br /> <br /> Giao due va Dao tao, 2001).<br /> <br /> |ua qua t r i n h giao due n h ^ m thue h i e n muc dich va n h i e m<br /> <br /> Dao X u a n D u n g . Gido due gidi tinh vi su" phdt trien cua<br /> <br /> l^u giao due do xa h o i dat r a . Phifdng phap giao due la he<br /> <br /> vi thdnh nien. N X B D H Q G H a N o i , 2002.<br /> <br /> I h o n g n h f l n g each t h i i c tac dong cua n h a giao due den s i i<br /> <br /> Pham Lang. Gido due gid tri nhdn vdn d triidng<br /> <br /> THCS.<br /> <br /> N X B Giao due, 1999.<br /> 10. Ban c h i dao giao due phong ehong A I D S va ma t u y<br /> (1998). Gido due phong<br /> <br /> ehong ma tuy trong<br /> <br /> triidng sU<br /> <br /> pham.<br /> 11. D u an V I E / 9 4 / P 0 1 (1995). Mot so van de cd ban ve gido<br /> due dan so'.<br /> <br /> each cac em p h a t t r i e n to'i da n h i i n g gi m i n h eo the c6 theo<br /> Wdng<br /> <br /> mo h i n h n h a n each xa h o i mong m u o n . N o i cu t h e<br /> <br /> hdn, phUdng phap giao due nhSm giiip t h e he t r e nkm viJng<br /> va thqc h i e n d u n g cac chuan mqe xa h o i , b i e n no t h a n h cac<br /> h a m chat, cac thuoc t i n h cua n h a n each, de til do cac em<br /> CO the t h a m gia vao cuoc song xa h o i m o t each ttf n h i e n va<br /> hieu qua.<br /> <br /> 12. T r a n Quoe T h a n h , Nguyen T h i M u i , Le T h i Hong A n<br /> '* (2004). Tdi lieu ve gido<br /> <br /> phat t r i e n n h a n each eua the he t r e n h a m l a m cho n h a n<br /> <br /> due dan so', SJ2C khoe sinh sdn<br /> <br /> (Tai Heu danh eho s i n h vien nganh T a m l i - Giao due<br /> thuoc cac triiOng dai hoc sU pham).<br /> <br /> ,<br /> <br /> Phifdng phap giao due la nhutng tac dong cu the va trUe<br /> <br /> iiep cua n h a giao due den do'i tifdng giao due. Do do t a t ca<br /> nhiJng n g i i o i l a m cong tac giao due can p h a i h i e u ro b a n<br /> t h a t , chile nang cua phu:dng phap giao due t r o n g n h a trifOng<br /> <br /> 13. A . D . D m i t r i e p , E . M . Brixop. Cd sd khoa hoc cua vice day<br /> lao dgng eho hgc sinh. N X B Giao due. H a Noi, 1973.<br /> <br /> cung nh\i cac yeu cau sii pham k h i sii dung cac phuldng phap<br /> giao due cu t h e .<br /> M o i loai n h a t r i i d n g deu c6 phUdng phap giao due dac<br /> t r u n g . N h a t r i f d n g X H C N ke thifa cac phiidng phap giao due<br /> to't dep trUdc day dong thdi phat t r i e n cac phUdng phap giao<br /> due m d i t i e n bo hdn cho p h u hdp vdi t i n h h i n h va dieu k i e n<br /> <br /> -.I'M<br /> <br /> 170<br /> <br /> nidi. Sau day chung ta chu yeu xem xet cac phiidng phap<br /> iao due t r o n g n h a t r i i d n g X H C N V i e t N a m h i e n nay, yeu<br /> 171<br /> <br /> cau nhflng ngiidi lam cong tac giao due can phai nam vUnt.<br /> chung de thue hien tot nhiem v u cao ea ciia m i n h .<br /> 1.<br /> <br /> K H A I N I E M P H l i O N G PHAP GIAO DUG<br /> <br /> Phifdng phap giao due trong nha trifdng ciia chung ta 1;\<br /> phUdng thfle hoat dong chung, gin bo giiia nha giao due vdi<br /> dol tiidng giao due, giiifa tap the va ea nhan hoe sinh nhSm<br /> hinh thanh nhiJng thuoe tinh, nhiing pham chat nhan each<br /> XHCN cho cac em. De hieu ro hdn khai niem phiidng phap<br /> giao due, triide het ehiing ta can phai nam vufng mot so" dac<br /> diem ed ban eua phiidng phap giao due.<br /> liri !<br /> <br /> i - - , '-f\<br /> <br /> f'^,y •J->t'--»<br /> <br /> fis":;iri<br /> <br /> /ifftrf<br /> <br /> o'ft<br /> <br /> 1.1. Mot so dac diem cc( ban c u a phUdng phap giao due<br /> <br /> Trifde het, phiidng phap giao due la thanh to' phu thuor<br /> vao muc dich giao due. Muc dlch giao due khac nhau se c6<br /> phUdng phap giao due khac nhau. N6i each khac, moi muc<br /> dich giao due se c6 mot he thong phiidng phap giao due<br /> tiidng ling, k h i muc dich giao due thay doi thi phiidng phap<br /> giao due cung phai thay doi theo. Chang han, muc dlch giao<br /> due phong kien nham dao tao ra nhiJng con ngiidi ehi biel<br /> phuc tung v6 dieu kien (Quan bile than tii, than bat txi bat<br /> trung. Phu xii t\i vong, txi bat vong bat hieu) thi phUdng phap<br /> giao due ehii yeu la ap dat, eiidng bile, nhoi nhet... NgiJde lai.<br /> muc dich giao due eua xa hoi ta nh&m dao tao ra nhflng con<br /> ngUdi sang tao, dam nghi, dam lam, dam chiu trach nhiem thi<br /> phifdng phap giao due cung phai khae. Phiidng phap giao due<br /> eua ehung ta la thuyet phue, la to chile hoat dong nham tao<br /> moi dieu kien, moi cd hoi eho ea nhan phat trien het tiem<br /> nang cua minh, tao cho moi ea nhan deu eo ban sac rieng va<br /> phue v u cho muc dich chung cua xa hoi...<br /> 172<br /> <br /> PhUdng phap giao due phu thuoe vao muc dich giao due.<br /> yi the k h i lUa chon va sil dung cac phiidng phap giao due<br /> phai can cil vao muc dich giao due eua mot xa hoi cu the.<br /> jNjgtfdc lai, phvtdng phap giao due la dieu kien, la each thilc<br /> «4 thUc hien muc dich giao due eua xa hoi da de ra.<br /> f. Phiidng phap giao due phu thuoe vao noi dung giao due.<br /> fjoi dung giao due khac nhau se phai sil dung phildng phap<br /> giao due khae nhau. Giao due lao dong phai c6 phildng phap<br /> Ichac vdi giao due the chat hay giao due tham mi... Moi noi<br /> dung giao due phai eo he thong phildng phap chuyen tai rieng<br /> m6i CO hieu qua cao (Phitdng phap phai dilde van hanh tren<br /> nen mot noi dung cu the, noi dung c6 tac dung quy dinh<br /> phildng phap). Cac nha giao due phai can cil vao noi dung giao<br /> due cu the de lUa chon phiJdng phap giao due cho phii hdp.<br /> Chung ta biet rang, qua trinh giao due diide dien ra theo<br /> ba khau t i l nhan thile den thai do, niem t i n den hanh vi va<br /> thoi quen. PhUdng phap giao due nham tac dong vao tilng<br /> khau hoac tat ea cac khau cua qua trinh giao due. Moi khau<br /> ciia qua trinh giao due doi hoi phai c6 phUdng phap rieng.<br /> Khau hinh thanh nhan thiie phai sil dung phildng phap khac<br /> vdi khau hinh thanh hanh vi va thoi quen. Hinh thanh t r i<br /> thiie ve eae chuan miJe xa hoi, nham xay diing y thilc ea<br /> nhan ehil yeu sii dung eae phiidng phap thuyet phue nhil<br /> giang giai, dam thoai, neu gifdng... Con hinh thanh hanh vi<br /> va thoi quen ehu yeu sil dung eae phUdng phap luyen tap,<br /> l^en luyen<br /> <br /> ^ • .. '<br /> <br /> 'HS.i^Myjr^S..;:<br /> <br /> ^<br /> <br /> .;:;,,,JU,<br /> <br /> t„i-.<br /> <br /> Phiidng phap giao due phu thuoe vao trinh do, nang liJc.<br /> tin, vi the, vao kinh nghiem, sd trUdng, sci doan... cua nha<br /> giao due. Diing trUdc doi tiidng giao due nhii nhau. trong<br /> 173<br /> <br /> n h Q n g d i e u k i e n , h o a n c a n h n h u n h a u n h U n g cac n h a giao<br /> <br /> j i o a t d q n g k h a e n h a u c u a hoc s i n h n h i f hoe t a p , l a o d o n g s a n<br /> <br /> due k h a e n h a u se lUa e h o n p h U d n g p h a p g i a o due k h a e n h a u .<br /> <br /> x u a t , v u i c h d i g i a i t r i , s i n h b o a t t a p t h e . . . c i i n g n h u cac<br /> <br /> Tham<br /> <br /> phaim v a n b o a v a t c h a t v a t i n h t h a n dUdc s i i d u n g t r o n g q u a<br /> <br /> e h i h a i n h a g i a o due c u n g s i i d u n g m o t b i e n<br /> <br /> phap<br /> <br /> san<br /> <br /> n h U n g h i e u q u a g i a o due e u n g k h a e n h a u . N o i n h i i v a y , tuc<br /> <br /> t r i n h g i a o due n h U do d u n g t r i i c q u a n , cac l o a i s a c h bao<br /> <br /> l a p h i J d n g p h a p g i a o due p h u t h u o e vao t r i n h do v a n a n g luc<br /> <br /> cac<br /> <br /> c i i a n h a g i a o due ke ea viee lUa c h o n v a h i e u q u a s\i<br /> <br /> due s i i d u n g cac p h i i d n g t i e n g i a o due de tac d o n g vao<br /> <br /> dun^.<br /> <br /> C h i n h v i v a y , t r o n g q u a t r i n h t i e n h a n h g i a o due, cac<br /> <br /> nha<br /> <br /> g i a o due p h a i xac d i n h dUdc k h a n a n g , v i t h e v a u y t i n . . . ciia<br /> <br /> va<br /> <br /> phUdng t i e n c h u y e n t a i t h o n g t i n . . . P h i i d n g phap giao<br /> <br /> each hoc<br /> <br /> s i n h . P h i i d n g t i e n g i a o due<br /> <br /> nhan<br /> <br /> c a n g da d a n g ,<br /> <br /> cang<br /> <br /> I p h o n g p h u c a n g t h u a n I d i cho v i e c l\ia c h o n p h U d n g<br /> <br /> phap<br /> <br /> m i n h de \\la e h o n p h i i d n g p h a p g i a o due cho phCi h d p . T h u c<br /> <br /> giao due, c a n g c6 d i e u k i e n de n a n g eao c h a t l U d n g g i a o due.<br /> <br /> te g i a o due da c h i i n g m i n h d i e u n a y . V i d u , eCing s i i d u n g<br /> <br /> P h i i d n g p h a p g i a o due n g a y n a y r a siic t a n d u n g cac<br /> <br /> p h i l d n g p h a p t r a e h p h a t hoc s i n h , y e u c a u hoc s i n h v i e t b a n<br /> <br /> t i e n g i a o due h i e n d a i , t h a n h q u a p h a t t r i e n rUc r d c u a<br /> <br /> k i e m d i e m n h U n g g i a o v i e n c h u n h i e m v a h i e u t r i i d n g , giao<br /> <br /> hoc<br /> <br /> v i e n l a u n a m v a g i a o v i e n m d i r a t r i f d n g se c6 tac d o n g k h a e<br /> <br /> n h a n each hoe s i n h .<br /> <br /> n h a u d e n n g U d i hoe s i n h .<br /> <br /> k i t h u a t e o n g n g h e de t a c d o n g d o n g bo,<br /> <br /> Trong n h i i n g dieu k i e n , hoan canh,<br /> <br /> phifdng<br /> khoa<br /> <br /> s a u sac<br /> <br /> t i n h huong<br /> <br /> den<br /> <br /> khae<br /> <br /> P h i f d n g p h a p g i a o due con p h u t h u o c v a o d o l t i f d n g giao<br /> <br /> f h h a u c u n g p h a i l i i a e h o n phufdng p h a p g i a o due k h a e n h a u .<br /> <br /> due. V d i m o i do'i t i f d n g g i a o due, n h a g i a o due p h a i b i e t sii<br /> <br /> C h u n g t a b i e t r S n g , t i e n h a n h g i a o due t r e ci t h a n h p h o k h a e<br /> <br /> d u n g cac p h i i d n g p h a p g i a o due k h a e n h a u m d i c6 h i e u q u a .<br /> <br /> vdi t r e n o n g t h o n va k h a e v d i t r e m i e n n i i i . K h o n g the t i e n<br /> <br /> Co hoc s i n h c a n p h i i d n g p h a p n h e n h a n g t h u y e t p h u e , c6 hoc<br /> <br /> h a n h g i a o due eo h i e u q u a n e u k h o n g b i e t l U a c h o n p h U d n g<br /> <br /> s i n h p h a i hkng<br /> <br /> p h a p g i a o due sao cho p h i i h d p v d i t i f n g t i n h huo'ng v a<br /> <br /> m e n h l e n h ddt k h o a t , r o r a n g . . .<br /> <br /> C h u n g t a b i e t r i n g , m o i eon n g U d i l a m o t t h e g i d i r i e n g<br /> <br /> cac<br /> <br /> d i e u k i e n h o a n c a n h c u t h e . N h a g i a o due p h a i c a n ci3 v a o<br /> <br /> v d i n h i J n g n e t doc dao ve cac dac d i e m t a m s i n h l i , ve d i e u<br /> <br /> phong tuc, tap q u a n , t r u y e n t h o n g v a n hoa,<br /> <br /> k i e n h o a n c a n h song, ve k i n h n g h i e m ea n h a n , v i t h e p h U d n g<br /> <br /> giao... c i i a t i f n g v u n g , m i e n , v a o k h o a n g t h d i g i a n cho p h e p ,<br /> <br /> p h a p g i a o due p h u t h u o c vao t i f n g d o i t i i d n g c u t h e , m o i doi<br /> <br /> vao d i e u k i e n h o a n c a n h c u t h e de t i e n h a n h g i a o due.<br /> <br /> t d d n g g i a o due c6 m o t each g i a o due r i e n g , k h o n g eo p h i i d n , ^<br /> <br /> Nhu:<br /> <br /> dac d i e m<br /> <br /> v a y , p h i f d n g p h a p giao due p h u t h u o c vao<br /> <br /> ton<br /> <br /> phifdng<br /> <br /> p h a p g i a o due c h u n g h i i u h i e u cho m o i do'i t i i d n g . D a y c h i n h<br /> <br /> t i e n , d i e u k i e n , h o a n c a n h cu t h e . K h i n h i J n g d i e u k i e n n a y<br /> <br /> la t i n h n g h e t h u a t t r o n g eong tac g i a o due.<br /> <br /> t h a y doi t h i n h a giao due<br /> <br /> P h U d n g p h a p g i a o due l i e n q u a n c h a t ehe<br /> <br /> vdi phUdng<br /> <br /> 174<br /> <br /> t i e n g i a o due<br /> <br /> dUdc h i e u l a cac<br /> <br /> loai h i n h<br /> <br /> doi<br /> <br /> P h i f d n g p h a p g i a o due con l i e n q u a n c h a t ehe v d i h i n h<br /> <br /> t i e n , d i e u k i e n , h o a n c a n h cu t h e cua q u a t r i n h g i a o due.<br /> Phddng<br /> <br /> ciing phai dieu chinh, thay<br /> <br /> p h i f d n g p h a p giao due t h i m d i n a n g eao diidc h i e u qua giao due.<br /> <br /> thtic<br /> <br /> t h u c to ehifc g i a o due. T h U c<br /> <br /> te g i a o due cho<br /> <br /> thay<br /> <br /> phifdng<br /> <br /> 175<br /> <br /> phap giao due k h o n g the tach r d i h i n h thiic to ehiie giao due,<br /> n h i e u k h i ehiing hoa quyen vao n h a u . H i n h thiie giao due<br /> t h i i d n g diidc phan loai theo so' liidng hoc s i n h t h a m gia vao<br /> cac hoat dong giao due (toan trvfdng, 16p hoe, nhom, to hay ca<br /> nhan), hoac theo t i n h chat hoat dong chung gifla nha giao<br /> due va do'i tUdng giao due. M o i h i n h thilc giao due p h a i lua<br /> chon mot phudng phap giao due thieh vLng. V i d u , h i n h thiic<br /> to ehiic giao due toan t r i l d n g t h i k h o n g nen sii dung phiidng<br /> phap k h u y e n giai hay t r a n h l u a n , h i n h thiic to ehiic giao due<br /> ca n h a n k h o n g nen sii dung phUdng phap k h e n thiidng, v i<br /> nhif t h e h i e u qua giao due se k h o n g eao.<br /> <br /> tho'ng nhat giuta each thiie hoat dong eua nha giao due va do'i<br /> tiidng giao due, t r o n g do hoat dong eua nha giao due gii2 v a i<br /> tro chii dao, eon hoat dong ciia do'i tudng giao due la hoat<br /> dong t u giac, tieh eUe, ehu dong de ttf giao due, tU van dong va<br /> phat t r i e n theo muc t i e u phat t r i e n n h a n each da xae d i n h .<br /> <br /> Noi torn l a i , phiidng phap giao due het sile da dang,<br /> phong p h u va p h u thuoe vao n h i e u yeu to'khac ciia qua t r i n h<br /> giao due. N h a giao due p h a i biet v a n dung l i n h hoat, Itfa<br /> chon cac phiJdng phap giao due sao eho p h u hdp v6i muc<br /> dich, v6i noi dung giao due, v6i t r i n h do, nang lUe... eua ban<br /> t h a n , v6i do'i tUdng giao due eung nhi:^ cac dieu k i e n hoan<br /> canh cu the.<br /> <br /> thiic, t h a m gia v6i sii eo' gang het k h a nang eua m i n h va<br /> <br /> , Tic nhutng dac diem tren chung ta thay phiJdng phap giao<br /> due phan anh each thiie to chiic eac loai h i n h hoat dong phong<br /> phii, da dang eiia nha giao due va tap the hoc sinh nham<br /> ehuyen hoa nhiJng yeu cau, ehuan mUc cua xa hoi thanh car<br /> pham chat va nang \\ic eua ea nhan ngUdi hoe sinh.<br /> <br /> thanh<br /> <br /> due diJdc the h i e n d eho ho p h a i hoat dong mot each eo y<br /> khong p h u thuoe hoan toan vao cac tac dong cua nha giao<br /> due. V a i t r o nay dac biet quan t r o n g t r o n g qua t r i n h t i i t u<br /> diidng, t u giao due.<br /> Tuy vay, v a i t r o tU giac, t i c h eiic va ehu dong cua do'i<br /> tiidng giao due p h a i diidc dat du6i v a i t r o ehu dao cua nha<br /> giao due. N e u k h o n g , qua t r i n h tU giao due eua do'i tUdng<br /> <br /> phap giao due la<br /> eho hg nhSng<br /> <br /> lai, neu nha giao due ap dat, k h o n g phat b u y v a i t r o chu<br /> dong, sang tao cua do'i t i i d n g giao due se tao nen nhutng con<br /> ngUdi rap k h u o n , may moc, n h i i n g eon ngiidi t h u dong.<br /> <br /> y-<br /> <br /> Cach thiic tac dong eua nha giao due den do'i tUdng giao<br /> due bao gid eiing can eii vao muc t i e u , yeu eau eiia xa hoi ve<br /> mot m a u ngiidi xae d i n h . Thiic chat phiidng phap giao due la<br /> <br /> phiiOng<br /> <br /> thi2c tdc dong cua nha giao due vd tap the hoe sinh den<br /> tiicJng giao due nham hinh<br /> <br /> V a i t r o i\i giac, t i c h cUc va c h i i dong cua do'i t i i d n g giao<br /> <br /> giao due se m a t p h i i d n g hudng va k h o n g c6 h i e u qua. NgUdc<br /> <br /> 1.2. Khai niem phUdng phap giao due<br /> <br /> Noi mot each eu the, phUdng<br /> <br /> V a i tro ehu dao cua nha giao due diidc; the hien d ch6 ho<br /> la ngifdi to chiic dieu k h i e n qua t r i n h giao due, la ngiidi l i i a<br /> chon noi dung, phUdng phap, h i n h thiic to chiie giao due,<br /> ngifdi k i e m t r a , d a n h gia qua t r i n h giao due...<br /> <br /> pham<br /> <br /> each thiic to chiic cuoe song, to ehiie hoat dong va giao lUu<br /> <br /> dot<br /> <br /> cho hoc s i n h theo mue dich giao due eua xa hoi. Qua t r i n h<br /> <br /> chat<br /> <br /> nay n h ^ m tae dong vao n h a n thiie, t h a i do va h i n h t h a n h<br /> <br /> nhan each theo yeu edu eua mot xd hoi eu the.<br /> <br /> hanh v i , thoi quen eho hoc s i n h .<br /> <br /> ^ ,^<br /> <br /> Phifdng phap giao due phan anh moi quan he pho'i hdp.<br /> 176<br /> <br /> 177<br /> <br /> 2.<br /> <br /> H $ THONG C A C PHUONG P H A P GlAO DUG<br /> <br /> 2.1. Phan loai c a c phi/dng phap giao due<br /> <br /> 11<br /> <br /> , Giao due la mot hien tUOng xa hoi r a t philc tap va day<br /> nhQng m a u t h u ^ n . C h i n h v i vay, phUdng phap giao due eung<br /> het siic da dang, phong p h u va l i n h hoat. D i e u nay l a m eho<br /> qua t r i n h p h a n loai giao due het siie kho k h a n va phiic tap.<br /> Kho eo the xac d i n h diidc mot cd sci logie thong nhat de phan<br /> loai eac phiidng phap giao due. M 6 i each p h a n loai chi c6 the<br /> dua vao mot t i e u chi nao do, chang h a n d\i& vao cac khau<br /> ciia qua t r i n h giao due hay dUa vao ban chat cua qua t r i n h<br /> giao due... Neu dula vao cac k h a u cua qua t r i n h giao due t h i<br /> phiidng phap giao due c6 the chia t h a n h cac nhom nhU:<br /> - Nhom eac phUdng phap tac dong vao nhan thflc, t h a i do;<br /> <br /> Ngoai ra, ngUdi ta eo the can cil vao muc t i e u , n h i e m v u ,<br /> noi d u n g giao due, can cii vao dac diem l i i a t u o i , dac diem<br /> nhan each cua do'i tUdng giao due de p h a n loai phuong phap<br /> giao due.<br /> Chung ta biet rang nhan each cua moi hoe sinh la mot<br /> chinh the thong nhat, toan ven, nang dong va het silc phiic tap.<br /> Cac thuoc t i n h , cac pham chat cua nhan each luon g^n bo chat<br /> che v6i nhau, tac dong qua lai l i n nhau tao nen dac trUng<br /> rieng, net dae t h u cua m6i nhan each. M o i mot net pham chat<br /> dUde h i n h t h a n h c6 the mang nhiing noi dung khac nhau, bieu<br /> hien ra ngoai eung khac nhau tuy theo no nkm trong mot cau<br /> true nhan each nao, chung tUdng tac n h i i the' nao vdi nhiing<br /> pham chat, nhiJng dae diem khac trong mot chu the...<br /> <br /> - N h o m cac phUdng phap h i n h t h a n h h a n h v i , t h o i quen;<br /> <br /> Giao due v i i a l a m nay sinh, h i n h t h a n h n h a n each vu:a<br /> <br /> - N h o m cac phUdng phap k h u y e n k h i c h va dieu chinh<br /> <br /> bien doi, cai tao n h a n each. Giao due k h o n g chi n h a m l a m<br /> nay s m h 6 n h a n each n h i i n g n h a n thile m d i , t i n h cam mdi,<br /> <br /> n h a m ciing co ket qua cua h a i nhom t r e n .<br /> N e u dUa vao ban chat cua qua t r i n h giao due t h i phUdng<br /> <br /> nhu cau m d i . . . t i i do tao nen n h i i n g h a n h v i va t h o i quen<br /> nhat d i n h cua n h a n each ma con c6 k h a nang l a m thay doi<br /> <br /> phap giao due bao gom cac nhom n h i i :<br /> - Cac phifdng phap to chiic cuoc song eho hoc sinh;<br /> - Cac phUdng phap to chLtc cac loai h i n h hoat dong cho<br /> <br /> n h i i n g n h a n thiie, t i n h cam, n h u cau... do cho p h i i hdp vdi<br /> yeu cau xa hoi, cai tao nhutng net t i n h each k h o n g p h u hdp...<br /> De l a m dUdc dieu nay, nhat t h i e t giao due p h a i tac dong<br /> <br /> hoc sinh;<br /> - Cac phUdng phap to chile hoat dong giao Ixiu cho hoc sinh.<br /> <br /> de xay d i i n g y thiie, t i n h cam, ren luyen k i nang, k ! xao, t h o i<br /> <br /> N e u can ci3 vao cac qua t r i n h tarn 11 cua ca n h a n t h i c6<br /> <br /> quen cho hoe s i n h . M a t khac, giao due p h a i c6 n h i i n g bien<br /> <br /> the chia phiJdng phap giao due t h a n h eac n h o m :<br /> - Cac phUdng phap h i n h t h a n h t r i ihiic<br /> <br /> ve cae chua^n<br /> <br /> hoac han che, loai t r i i nhufng mat xau.<br /> Tif n h i i n g p h a n t i c h t r e n chung ta co the p h a n chia<br /> <br /> mUc xa hoi;<br /> <br /> phudng phap giao due t h a n h ba nhom cd ban sau:<br /> <br /> - Cac phUdng phap h i n h t h a n h t i n h cam;<br /> - Cac phUdng phap ren l u y e n y ehi.<br /> <br /> phap de kieh t h i c h , dieu c h i n h n h a m cung c o ' n h i i n g mat tot<br /> <br /> .VJf<br /> <br /> - N h o m cae phUdng phap thuyet phue nhSm h i n h t h a n h<br /> y thiic ca n h a n ; • -' ' '<br /> <br /> 178<br /> <br /> 179<br /> <br />