GIỚI TỪ VÀ VẤN ĐỀ LIÊN QUAN

Chia sẻ: Thanh Cong | Ngày: | Loại File: PDF | Số trang:21

Thêm vào BST

Báo xấu

114
lượt xem 31
download

Download Vui lòng tải xuống để xem tài liệu đầy đủ

Định nghĩa, vị trí và chức năng của giới từ 1. Định nghĩa: – Giới từ là từ dùng để nối danh từ hay đại từ với từ đứng trước nó. 2. Vị trí: – Giới từ thường đặt trước danh từ hoặc đại từ. Ví dụ: She went to school at the age of six He usually visits me on Sundays. – Giới từ cũng có thể đứng sau động từ (trừ sau “but” và “except”) và động từ phải để ở dạng V-ing.

Chủ đề:

Bình luận(0) Đăng nhập để gửi bình luận!

Lưu

Nội dung Text: GIỚI TỪ VÀ VẤN ĐỀ LIÊN QUAN

GIỚI TỪ VÀ VẤN ĐỀ LIÊN QUAN Định nghĩa, vị trí và chức năng của giới từ 1. Định nghĩa: – Giới từ là từ dùng để nối danh từ hay đại từ với từ đứng trước nó. 2. Vị trí: – Giới từ thường đặt trước danh từ hoặc đại từ. Ví dụ: She went to school at the age of six He usually visits me on Sundays. – Giới từ cũng có thể đứng sau động từ (trừ sau “but” và “except”) và động từ phải để ở dạng V-ing. Ví dụ: They succeeded in escaping. – Trong những trường hợp dưới đây (dùng đại từ quan hệ), giới từ có thể đặt trước đại từ hoặc đặt ở cuối câu: To whom were you talking to? Who were you talking to? The people with whom I was travelling The people I was travelling with – Giới từ có thể là một từ riêng lẻ như: at, after, before, during, until, in, on, to,by,... – Giới từ cũng có thể là một cụm từ như: in spite of, on account of, in front of, for the sake of…. Chú ý: lược bỏ “to” và “for” trước tân ngữ gián tiếp. So sánh 2 câu dưới đây. I gave the book to Tom. I gave Tom the book. → Tân ngữ gián tiếp có thể đặt trước và giới từ “to” bị lược bỏ. → Chúng ta có thể sử dụng cấu trúc này với các động từ sau: bring, give, hand, leave, lend, offer, pay, promise, send, show, sing, take… I showed the map to Bill = I showed Bill the map They sent $5 to Mr Smith = They sent Mr Smith $5. → Tương tự, chúng ta cũng có thể lược bỏ “for”. Cấu trúc này có thể được sử dụng với các động từ sau: build, buy, cook, fetch, find, get, keep, leave, make, order… I’ll get a drink for you = I’ll get you a drink I bought a book for James = I bought James a book. 3. Chức năng của giới từ: Giới từ kết hợp với danh từ (hoặc đại từ) để tạo thành một cụm từ. Cụm từ đó có thể là: – Ngữ trạng từ (bổ nghĩa cho một động từ): I looked through the window. She spoke in a low voice. He will go there on Friday. – Ngữ tính từ (bổ nghĩa cho một danh từ):
The house with the big garden is Mr Nam’s. I don’t like the sound of a jet engine. Chú ý: Cần phân biệt hai chức năng này. Cùng một cụm từ, có thể ở trường hợp này là ngữ trạng từ, ở trường hợp khác lại là ngữ tính từ. Ví dụ: He usually does his morning exercises in the open air. (trạng ngữ, bổ nghĩa cho động từ “does”) Exercises in the open air are healthy. (tính ngữ, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ “exercises”) Một số từ có thể vừa dùng làm giới từ, vừa dùng làm phó từ: in, up, on, down, along, through…..Cần phân biệt chức năng của các từ đó trong từng câu. He put the book on the table. (giới từ) Put your coat on. (phó từ) Lan is in the garden. (phó từ) I opened the door and he came in. (phó từ) A. Phân loại giới từ – Giới từ chỉ thời gian: at, on, by, before, in, for, during… Ví dụ: The train starts at 6.10, so you had better be at the station by 6.00. We arrived on the morning of the sixth. By the end of July, I’ll have read all those books. Before signing this contract, he had to consider a lot. Most people work from 9 to 5. Bake it for two hours. – Giới từ chỉ nơi chốn: in, on, at, above, under, below… Ví dụ: They arrived in Spain. You can do this sort of work at home. She put the letter under her pillow. We camped beside a lake. – Giới từ chỉ nguyên nhân: for, from, by, on, of… The streets are lighted by mistakes. Thank you very much for your help. He trembled from fear. He died of tuberculosis many years ago. – Giới từ chỉ mục đích: for, to, at… What do you want the paper for? I’ve sent a letter to you. – Giới từ chỉ thể cách: by, with, … We can learn English by listening to the radio. She cut the bread with a sharp knife. – Giới từ chỉ phương tiện: by, in…
He goes to school by bus. She goes to work in her own car. – Giới từ chỉ sự tương quan: by, next to, on, under, below… They live below us. Tom is in front of Mary. My house is next to a cinema. B. Nghĩa của một số giới từ thông dụng About 1. về: This is a story about elephants. 2. khoảng: He is about ten years old. Above 1. trên, cao hơn: The plane flew above the clouds. 2. phía trên: There is a heading above each diagram. Across 1. từ bên này sang bên kia (qua): We walked across the field. 2. phía bên kia: There is a store across the street. After 1. sau, sau khi: after ten o'clock; after lunch 2. đứng sau: Q comes after P in the alphabet. 3. theo sau: The dog ran after the cat. Against 1. chống lại, làm trái: Theft is against the law. 2. giáp, tiếp xúc, dựa vào: I leaned my bicycle against the wall. Along 1. dọc theo: We walked along the road. Among 1. giữa, trong số (một nhóm người): The money was shared among three people. Around 1. vòng quanh: We walked around the block. 2. vây quanh, bao quanh: There is a fence around the garden. 3. khắp: I looked around the house for the keys. 4. quay sang một hướng khác: We turned around and went back home. 5. khoảng: He is around six feet tall. At 1. một địa điểm cụ thể: at 23 Chestnut Street; at the park 2. một điểm thời gian: at 5 o'clock; at Christmas 3. một hoàn cảnh: at peace; at war; at rest 4. một hoạt động: at work; at school; at play 5. hướng tới, hướng vào: Look at someone; wave at someone Before 1. trước khi, trước: before two o'clock; before Christ mas 2. đứng trước: S comes before T in the alphabet. Behind
1. đằng sau, phía sau: The little girl hid behind her mother. 2. muộn: I am behind in my work. 3. nguyên nhân, nguồn gốc: Who was behind that idea? Below 1. bên dưới, thấp hơn: below freezing; below sea level 2. phía dưới: Footnotes are provided below the text. Beside 1. bên cạnh: I sit beside her in class. Besides 1. ngoài: We study other languages besides English. Between 1. Giữa hai điểm trong không gian: Toronto lies between Montreal and Vancouver. 2. Giữa hai điểm thời gian: between Christmas and New Year's Day 3. trong một nhóm hai người: The money was shared between two people. Beyond 1. trên: The mountains lie beyond the horizon. 2. vượt quá: That was beyond my expectations. But 1. trừ: I have read all but the last chapter. Note: But thường được sử dụng như một liên từ hơn như một giới từ. By 1. gần: a house by the sea 2. vượt qua: He waved as he drove by the house. 3. trước: Try to finish the work by next week. 4. theo một đơn vị nào đó: cheaper by the dozen; sold by weight 5. bằng, bởi: travel by plane; written by him Concerning 1. về, liên quan đến: He studies everything concerning trees. Despite 1. mặc dù: We walked downtown despite the rain. Down 1. xuống phía dưới: The ball rolled down the hill. 2. cuối: He lives down the street. During 1. suốt một khoảng thời gian: She works during the day. 2. một thời điểm nào đó trong một khoảng thời gian: An accident occurred during the night. Except 1. ngoại trừ: I have visited everyone except him. For 1. trong khoảng thời gian: We walked for two hours. 2. khoảng cách: I walked for five kilometers.
3. mục đích: I bought this jacket for you. 4. tới đâu đó: She left for New York. 5. tán thành, ủng hộ: We are for the proposal. 6. so với: The boy is clever for his age. From 1. từ một nơi nào đó: We left from Boston; he comes from Mexico 2. bắt đầu từ một thời gian nào đó: from now on; from yesterday until today 3. từ một lượng nào đó: From 20 to 30 people were present. 4. nguyên nhân: He suffers from nervousness. 5. nguồn (từ ai đó): I first heard the story from you. In 1. ở một nơi nào đó: in London; in Europe 2. trong một địa điểm: in the room; in the building 3. vào tháng, năm: That happened in March, in 1992. 4. trong một khoảng thời gian nhất định: I will return in an hour. 5. bằng: write in pencil; speak in English 6. tình trạng, điều kiện: in doubt; in a hurry; in secret 7. thành viên của…: He is in the orchestra; in the navy 8. mặc: the boy in the blue shirt 9. về, có liên quan đến: lacking in ideas; rich in oil Inside 1. bên trong: They are inside the house. Into 1. vào bên trong We stepped into the room. 2. thay đổi tình trạng: The boy changed into a man. Like 1. giống: That looks like him. 2. như thể: It looks like rain. Near 1. gần: near the school; near the ocean Of 1. vị trí: east of here; the middle of the road 2. sở hữu: a friend of mine; the sound of music 3. một phần của một nhóm: one of us; a member of the team 4. đo lường: a cup of milk; two meters of snow Off 1. Not on; away from: Please keep off the grass. 2. At some distance from: There are islands off the coast. On 1. trên (chạm vào nhau): on the table; on the wall 2. ngày xác định: That happened on Sunday, on the 6th of June. 3. con đường xác định: on South Street 4. về: a book on engineering
5. một trạng thái hoặc tình trạng: on strike; on fire; on holiday 6. nhờ, bằng: live on a pension; shown on television Opposite 1. đối diện: The library is opposite the fire station. Out of 1. ra khỏi: She went out of the room. 2. trong số: We won two games out of three. 4. chất liệu: The bridge is made out of steel. 5. ra khỏi: out of control; out of danger Outside 1. bên ngoài: outside the house 2. ngoài giới hạn, khả năng: outside my experience Over 1. cao hơn, trên: There are cupboards over the sink. 2. bao phủ: We spread an extra blanket over the bed. 3. qua: I jumped over a puddle. 4. nhiều hơn: It cost over ten dollars; it took over an hour 5. trong khoảng: I saw him several times over the past week. 6. bằng: We made plans over the telephone. Past 1. vượt qua: I walked past the house. 2. sau (thời gian): It was past 2 o'clock; half past two With 1. cùng với: He came with her; I have my keys with me. 2. có, chứa: Here is a book with a map of the island. 3. bằng, sử dụng: I repaired the shoes with glue. 4. cách thức: with pleasure; with ease; with difficulty 5. bởi vì: We were paralyzed with fear. Within 1. trong vòng: within twenty minutes; within one kilometer Without 1. không có: Do not leave without your coat; without money Danh từ đi với giới từ • Noun + for… A cheque for (a sum of money): - They sent me a cheque for £75. A demand for/a need for…..: - The firm closed down because there wasn’t enough demand for its product A reason for…: - The train was late but nobody knew the reason for the d elay. • Noun + of… An advantage/ a disadvantage of…: - The advantage of living alone is that you can do what you like.
Nhưng chúng ta thường nói: “there is an advantage in doing something” There are many advantages in living alone. A cause of…: - Nobody knows what the cause of the explosion was. A photograph/ a picture/ a map/ a plan/ a drawing of…: - She showed me some photographs of her family. • Noun + in… An increase/ a decrease/ a rise/ a fall in …: - there has been an increase in the number of road ac cidents recently. • Noun + to… Damage to…: - The accident was my fault, so I had to pay for the damage to the other car. An invitation to…(a party, a wedding): - Did you get an invitation to the party? A solution to (a problem)/ a key to (a door)/ an answe r to (a question)/ a reply to (a letter)/ a reaction to….: - Do you think we’ll find the solution to the problem? - I was surprised at her reaction to my suggestion. An attitude to (towards) …: - His attitude to his job is very negative. • Noun + with…/between… A relationship/a connection/contact with…: - Do you have a good relationship with your parents? - The police want to question a man in connection with the robbery. Nhưng: a relationship/a connection/a difference between two things or people - There are some differences between British and American English. Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu thứ hai sao cho nó cùng nghĩa với câu thứ nhất. 1. What caused the explosion? What was the cause ……………..? 2. We’re trying to solve the problem. We’re trying to find a solution………………. 3. Sue gets on well with her brother. Sue has a good relationship………………. 4. Prices have gone up a lot. There has been a big increase …………………… 5. I don’t know how to answer the question. I can’t think of an answer ……………… 6. I don’t think that a new road is necessary. I don’t think there is any need………… 7. The number of people without jobs fell last month. Last one there was a fall ……………. 8. Nobody wants to buy shoes like these any more. There is no demand………………… 9. In what way is your job different frommine? What is the difference……………………….?
Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành câu sử dụng một trong các danh từ dưới đây và một giới từ thích hợp Cause, connection, invitation, map, reason, damage, contact, key, pictures, reply 1. On the wall there were some pictures and a…………………the world. 2. Thank you for the…………………………..your party next week. 3. Since she left home two years ago, she has had little ………………….her family. 4. I can’t open this door. Have you got a……………the other door? 5. The ……………….the fire at the hotel last night is still unknown. 6. I wrote to Jim last week, but I still haven’t received a …………………….my letter. 7. The two companies are completely independent. There is no……………………….them. 8. Jane showed me some old………………..the city as it looked 100 years. 9. Carol has decided to give up her job. I don’t know her……………….doing this. 10. It wasn’t a bad accident. The…………………..the car wasn’t serious. Xem đáp án Bài 1: 1. What caused the explosion? What was the cause of the explosion? 2. We’re trying to solve the problem. We’re trying to find a solution to the problem. 3. Sue gets on well with her brother. Sue has a good relationship with her brother. 4. Prices have gone up a lot. There has been a big increase in prices. 5. I don’t know how to answer your question. I can’t think of an answer to your question. 6. I don’t think that a new road is necessary. I don’t think there is any need of a new road. 7. The number of people without jobs fell last month. Last month there was a fall in the number of people without jobs. 8. Nobody wants to buy shoes like these any more. There is no demand for shoes. 9. In what way is your job different from mine? What is the difference between your job and mine? Bài 2: 1. On the wall there were some pictures and a map of the world. 2. Thank you for the invitation to your party next week. 3. Since she left home two years ago, she has had little contact with her family. 4. I can’t open this door. Have you got a key to the other door? 5. The cause of the fire at the hotel last night is still unknown. 6. I wrote to Jim last week, but I still haven’t received a reply to my letter. 7. The two companies are completely independent. There is no connection between them. 8. Jane showed me some old pictures of the city as it looked 100 years.
9. Carol has decided to give up her job. I don’t know her reason for doing this. 10. It wasn’t a bad accident. The damage of the car wasn’t serious. Giới từ đi với danh từ • At/on/in (chỉ thời gian) + noun At : (for the time of day) At 5 o’clock, at midnight, at lunch time, at sunset, at night, at the weekend, at weekends, at the moment, at present, at the same time, at Christmas… On (for days and dates) On Friday(s), on 29 June 1987, on Christmas day, on my birthday… In (for longer periods) In October, in 1986, in the 19th century, in winter, in the past, in the 1970s, in future… Chú ý: Chúng ta nói “in the morning(s), in the afternoon(s), in the eveni ng(s)” nhưng chúng ta nói “on Friday morning(s), on Sunday afternoon(s)…” • At/on/in (chỉ địa điểm) + noun + in: ở trong. Ví dụ: in a room, in a building, in a garden, in a country, in a line, in a picture, in the sky, in the world, in a book/newspaper, in bed… + on: ở trên. Ví dụ: on the floor, on the chair, on the beach, on the wall, on the ceiling, on a farm, on a map, on the menu, on the way to…… + at: ở. Ví dụ: at the bus stop, at the window, at home, at university, at a party,at the station, at the airport … Ví dụ: There’s no one in the room. When I go to the cinema, I prefer to sit in the front row. Who is that man standing at the bus stop? Write your name at the top of the page. I sat on the beach. There is a label on the bottle. So sánh các trường hợp sau: - In the corner of the - At the corner of the room… street Ví dụ: The television Ví dụ: There is a is in the corner of the public telephone at the room corner of the street. - In the front/in the - At the front/at the - On the front/on the back of a car back of a back of a letter/piece Ví dụ: building/cinema/group of paper… I was sitting in the of people Write your name on back (of a car) when The garden is at the the back of this we crashed. back of the house envelope. I was standing at the back, so I couldn’t see very well.
- At the end (of - In the end = finally something): thời gian Jim couldn’t decide khi cái gì kết thúc where to go for his I’m going away at holidays. In the end, the end of June he didn’t go At the end of the anywhere. concert, there was great applause. - On a bus/on a - In a car/ in a taxi - By bus/by car/by bicycle (bằng train/on a plane/on a (chúng ta dùng “in” phương tiện gì) ship/ on a bicycle/on cho “car” và “taxi”) a horse/on a George arrived in a I go to school by bus motorbike taxi. The bus was very full. There were too many people on it. • On/at/in + noun (other uses) On holiday/on business/on a trip/on a tour/on a cruise… - Tom’s away at the moment. He’s on holiday in France. - Did you go to Germany on business or on holiday? Bạn cũng có thể nói “go to a place for a holiday” On television/on the radio: - I didn’t watch the news on television, but I heard it on the radio. On the phone/ telephone: - I’ve never met her but I’ve spoken to her on the phone. On fire: đang cháy - Look! That car is on fire. On purpose: cố ý - I’m sorry. I didn’t do it on purpose. On the whole: nhìn chung - Sometimes I have problems at work but on the whole I enjoy my job. On strike: đình công - There are no trains today. The railway workers are on strike. In the rain/in the shade/ in the sun/ in the dark/ in bad weather.. - We sat in the shade. It was too hot to sit in the sun. In ink/in pencil: (but “with the pencil”) - When you do the exam, you’re not allowed to write in pencil - I write the letter with a pencil. In cash (but “by cheque/by credit card”) - I paid the bill in cash.
In (my) opinion: theo ý tôi.. - In my opinion,the film wasn’t very good. At risk: bị đe dọa, bị nguy hiểm - Birds are at risk of being injured or orphaned. Bài tập: Điền giới từ thích hợp vào mỗi chỗ trống sau. 1. It’s difficult to contact Sarah because she is not………..the phone. 2. I feel lazy this evening. Is there anything worth watching………..TV? 3. Can you turn the light, please? I don’t want to sit………the dark. 4. I wouldn’t like to go…………a cruise. I think I’d get bored. 5. I mustn’t eat too much. I’m supposed to be ………….a diet. 6. Ann thought the restaurant was OK, but ……….my opinion, it wasn’t very good. 7. I won’t be here next week. I’ll be………..holiday. 8. I didn’t see you ………..the party on Saturday. Where were you? 9. Shall we travel ………….your car or mine? 10. We stayed ………….a very nice hotel when we were ………….Amsterdam. Xem đáp án Đáp án: 1. It’s difficult to contact Sarah because she is not on the phone. 2. I feel lazy this evening. Is there anything worth watching on TV? 3. Can you turn the light, please? I don’t want to sit in the dark. 4. I wouldn’t like to go on a cruise. I think I’d get bored. 5. I mustn’t eat too much. I’m supposed to be on a diet. 6. Ann thought the restaurant was OK, but in my opinion, it wasn’t very good. 7. I won’t be here next week. I’ll be on holiday. 8. I didn’t see you at the party on Saturday. Where were you? 9. Shall we travel in your car or mine? 10. We stayed at a very nice hotel when we were in Amsterdam. Động từ đi với giới từ • Verb + at Look/have a look/stare/ glance at…: nhìn vào/nhìn chắm chằm vào - why are you looking at me like that? Laugh/smile at…:cười vào ai - Everyone will laugh at my haircut. Aim/point (something) at….: nhằm vào, chỉ vào - Don’t point that knife at me. It’s dangerous. • Verb + to: Talk/speak to (someone)…: nói với ai - Can I speak to Jane, please?
Listen to… - We spent the evening listening to music. Invite (somebody) to (a party/a wedding)…; - They only invited a few people to their wedding. Explain something to somebody…: giải thích điều gì cho ai - Can you explain this word to me? Happen to…xảy đến với ai/cái gì - What happened to that gold watch you used to have? Prefer one thing to another: thích cái gì hơn cái gì - I prefer tea to coffee. Shout at somebody…(khi giận dữ) - She got very angry and started shouting at me. Shout to sonebody…(đ ể cho người khác có thể nghe) - She shouted to me from the other side of the street. Throw something at somebody/something (đánh, đập ai/cái gì) - Somebody threw an egg at the minister. Throw something to somebody (để cho ai bắt lấy) - Judy shouted “catch” and threw the key to me from the window. Ask somebody for something: xin ai cái gì - He asked me for money. Ask somebody to do something..yêu cầu ai àm gì - He asked me to post the letter for him. • Verb + about…. Talk about/ read about/ tell somebody about…/have a discussion about… - We talked about a lot of things at the meeting. Chú ý: discuss something (không có giới từ) Care about something/something…. - He’s selfish. He doesn’t care about other people. • Verb + for… Apply for (a job)….xin việc - I think this job would suit you. Why don’t you apply for it? Wait for….chờ đợi - Don’t wait for me. I’ll join you later. Search (a person/aplac/a thing) for…tìm kiếm - I’ve searched (the house) for the key but I still can’t find it. Leave (a place) for another place.: - I haven’t seen her since she left for work this morning. Look for: tìm kiếm - I’ve lost my keys. Can you help me to look for them? • Verb + about, of… Dream about…: - I dream about you last night. Dream of being something/doing something (=imagine):
- I often dream of being rich. Hear about … (được nói cho biết về…) - Did you hear about the fight in the club on Saturday night? Hear of.. (biết rằng ai đó/cái gì còn tồn tại) - “Who is Tom madely?” - “I’ve no idea. I’ve never heard of him. Hear from… (nhận được thư hoặc điện thoại của ai) - “Have you heard from Jane recently?” Remind somebody of… - This house reminds me of the one I lived in when I was a child. Complain (to somebody) about … - We complained to the manager of the restaurant about the food. • Verb + of… Accuse somebody of…buộc tội ai - Sue accused me of being selfish. Approve of….tán thành - His parents don’t approve of what he does, but they can’t stop h im Die of…chết vì… - What did he die of? - “A heart attack” Consist of ….bao gồm - My house consists of six rooms. • Verb + for … Pay (somebody) for something - I didn’t have enough money to pay for the meal. Nhưng “pay the bill/a fine/a tax/fare/ rent” Thank/forgive somebody for… - I’ll never forgive them for what they did. Apologise (to somebody) for… - I apologised (to them) for my mistakes. Blame somebody/something for…/blame something on somebody - Everybody blamed me for the accident/ blamed the accid ent on me. • Verb + from… Suffer from (an illness) - The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased. Protect someone/something from (or against) ….bảo vệ ai/cái gì khỏi cái gì - Sun oil can protect the skin from the sun (or against the su n) • Verb + on… Depend on/rely on….phụ thuộc vào - You can rely on Jill. She always keeps her promises. - What time will you arrive? - “I don’t know. It depends on the traffic”. Live on (money/food): - George’s salry is verry low. It isn’t enough to live on. Congratulate (someone) on…: chúc mừng ai về việc gì - I congratulated her on her success in the exam.
Concentrate on… - Don’t look out the window. Concentrate on your work. Insist on…: khăng khăng làm gì - I wanted to go alone but they insisted on coming with me. Spend (money) on…: tiêu tiền cho cái gì, việc gì - How much money do you spend on food each week. • Verb + in… Believe in …: tin vào - Do you believe in God? Specialise in….: - Helen is a lawyer. She specialises in company law. Succeed in… - I hope you succeed in finding the job you want. • Verb + into… Break into…: đột nhập - Our house was broken into a few days ago but nothing was stolen. Crash/drive/bump/run into… - He lost control of the car and crashed into the wall. Divide/split something into… - The book is divided into 3 parts. Translate (a book…) (from one language) into the other. - George Orwell’s book have been translated into many languages. • Verb + with… Collide with….: đâm vào, va chạm - There was an accident this morning. A bus collided with a car. Fill something with …. - Take this saucepan and fill it with water. Provide/supply somebody with…. - The school provides all its students with books. Bài tập: Điền giới từ thích hợp để hoàn thành câu (nếu cần thiết). 1. I’m not going out yet. I’m waiting …………..the rain to stop. 2. You are always asking me ……………the money. Ask somebody else for a change. 3. I’ve applied…………..the job at the factory. I don’t know if I‘ll get it. 4. I don’t want to discuss …………what happened last night. 5. We had an interesting discussion ……………….the problem but we didn’t reach a decision. 6. He’s selfish. He doesn’t care…………other people. 7. Please let me borrow your camera. I promise I’ll take good care……….it. 8. I looked ……….my key but I couldn’t find them anywhere. 9. I love this music. It reminds me……….a warm day in spring.
10. Janet warned me ………… the water. She said it wasn’t safe to drink. 11. Our neighbors complained ……….us ……….the noise we made last night. 12. She accused me …………..being selfish. 13. I congratulated her……….winning the tournament. 14. He has a bodyguard to protect him ………..enemies. 15. His parents don’t approve………..what he does but they can’t stop him. 16. I didn’t have enough money to pay……….the bill. Xem đáp án Đáp án: 1. I’m not going out yet. I’m waiting for the rain to stop. 2. You are always asking me for the money. Ask somebody else for a change. 3. I’ve applied for the job at the factory. I don’t know if I‘ll get it. 4. I don’t want to discuss what happened last night. 5. We had an interesting discussion about the problem but we didn’t reach a decision. 6. He’s selfish. He doesn’t care about other people. 7. Please let me borrow your camera. I promise I’ll take good care of it. 8. I looked for my key but I couldn’t find them anywhere. 9. I love this music. It reminds me of a warm day in spring. 10. Janet warned me of the water. She said it wasn’t safe to drink. 11. Our neighbors complained to us about the noise we made last night. 12. She accused me of being selfish. 13. I congratulated her on winning the tournament. 14. He has a bodyguard to protect him from enemies. 15. His parents don’t approve of what he does but they can’t stop him. 16. I didn’t have enough money to pay the bill. Tính từ đi với giới từ • Adj + of… Nice/kind/good/polite/silly/stupid… of somebody (to do something) - Thank you. It was nice of you to help me. - It is stupid of her to go out without a coat in such co ld weather. Nhưng: nice/ kind/good/polite/silly/stupid/unfriendly … to somebody - They have always been very nice to me. • Adj + about/with… Angry/annoy/furious about something - It’s stupid to get angry about things that don’t matter. Angry/annoy/furious with somebody for doing something - Are you annoyed with me for being late? Excited/worried/ upset/ nervous/happy.. about something - Are you excited about going on holiday next week? Delighted/pleased/ satisfied/ disappointed with something - I was delighted with the present you gave me.
• Adj + at/by/with… Surprised/shocked/ amazed/astonished at/by something - Everybody was surprised at/by the news. - I hope you weren’t shocked by/at what I said. Impressed with/by somebody/something - I’m very impressed with/by her English. It’s very good. Fed up with/bored with something - I don’t enjoy my job any more. I’m fed up with it. /I’m bored with it. • Sorry about/ for… Sorry about something - I’m sorry about the noise last night. Sorry for doing something - I’m sorry for being late. To feel/to be sorry for somebody - I feel sorry for George. He has a lot of problems. • Adj + of… Afraid/ frightened/ terrified/scared of..: - Are you afraid of dogs? Fond/proud/ashamed/jealous/envious of…: - Why are you so jealous of other people? Suspicious/critical of…: - He was suspicious of my intentions. Aware of/ conscious of …: - Did you know he was married? - No, I wasn’t aware of that. Capable/ incapable of…: - I’m sure that you are capable of passing the exam. Full of/ short of…: - The letter I wrote was full of mistakes. - I’m short of money. Can you lend me some? Tired of…: - Come on, let’s go! I’m tired of waiting. • Adj + at/on/to/from/in/with/for Good/bad/excellent/brilliant at…: - I’m not very good at maths. Married/engaged to…: - Linda is married to an American. Different from…: - The film was different from what I’d expected. Interested in…: - Are you interested in art? Keen on…: - I’m keen on listening to music.
Dependent on…. - I don’t want to be dependent on anybody. Famous for…. - Hanoi is famous for places of interest. Responsible for…. - Who was responsible for all that noise last night? Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành câu thứ hai sao cho nghĩa giống câu thứ nhất. 1. There were lots of tourists in the city centre. The city centre was crowded ……………. 2. There was a lot of furniture in the room. The room was full…………………. 3. I don’t like sport very much. I’m not very keen………………………… 4. We haven’t got enough time. We’re a bit short………………… 5. I’m not a very good tennis player. I’m not very good ………………….. 6. Catherine’s husband is Russian. Catherine is married………………………. 7. I don’t trust Robert. I’m suspicious …………………………… 8. My problem is not the same as yours. My problem is different………………. Bài tập 2: Điền giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống. 1. Our house is similar ………..yours. Perhaps yours is a bit larger. 2. I’m tired……………doing the same things every day. I need a change. 3. John has no money of his own. He’s totally dependent …………his parents. 4. I don’t like going up ladders. I’m afraid ………..heights. 5. Linda doesn’t look very well. I’m worried ………….her. 6. Are you still upset ………..what I said to you yesterday? 7. I was delighted ………………the present you gave me. 8. We’re all excited ……………going on holiday next week. Bài tập 3: Điền 1 giới từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống trong những câu sau: 1. The course begins ……….7 January and ends ……10 March. 2. I went to bed ……….midnight and got up ………..6.30 the next morning. 3. We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived ……….5 o’clock …….the morning. 4. Mozart was born in Salzburg ………1756. 5. Are you doing anything special …………….the weekend? 6. I haven’t seen Ann …………a few days. I last saw her ……….Tuesday. 7. I’ll phone you ………..Tuesday morning……..10 o’clock, okay? 8. Tom’s grandmother died………1977………the age ………..79. 9. The price of electricity is going up ………..October. 10. There are usually a lot of parties ………New Year’s Eve. 11. I like walking round the town……….night. 12. The telephone and the doorbell rang …….the same time. 13. I waited for you ………half an hour and then decided that you weren’t coming.
14. Production at the factory was seriously affected……….the strike. 15. It can be dangerous when children play football ………..the street. 16. I’ll meet you ………the corner (of the street) at 10 o’clock. 17. Tom’s ill. He wasn’t ………..work today. He was ……..home…….bed. 18. Paul is a student ………..London University. 19. I’ve just received an invitation………..a wedding next week. 20.The cause……..the fire in the hotel last night is still unknown. 21. Money isn’t the solution …….every problem. 22. The company has rejected the workers’ demands ……….an increase…..pay. 23. Bill and I used to be good friends but I don’t have much contact ……….him now. 24. I wrote to Jim last week, but I still haven’t received a reply……..my letter. 25. Do you know any songs ………the Beatles? 26. There was panic when people realized the building was …….fire. 27. The shop assistant wouldn’t accept my cheque and insisted that I paid …….cash 28. When I was 14, I went ……….a trip to France organized by my school. 29. We hadn’t arranged to meet. We met …..chance. 30. It’s very nice ……you to let me use your car. Thank you very much. 31. I can’t understand people who are crucial ……….animals. 32. Why do you always get so annoyed ……….little things? 33. The people next door are annoyed …….us……making so much noise last night. 34. We enjoyed our holiday but we were rather disappointed……..the hotel. 35. I was surprised …….the way he behaved. It was quite out of character. 36. Did you know that Linda is engaged …….a friend of mine? 37. These days everyone is aware ……the dangers of smoking. 38. Ann is fond…….her younger brother. 39. Britain certainly isn’t famous ………its food. 40. That man is very honst. He isn’t capable …….telling a lie. 41. Do you know anyone who might be interested ……….buying an old car? 42. The police are responsible ……….maintaining law and order. 43. I’m sorry ………the smell in this room. It’s just been painted. 44. She hasn’t got a job. She depends ………..her parents for money. 45. Are you going to apologise ……….what you did? 46. Tom and I ran………each other in town yesterday afternoon. 47. A football team consists ……….11 players. 48. Do you belong……..a political party? 49. The accident was my fault, so I had to pay ……….the damage. 50. Sally is often not well. She suffers …………severe headaches. Xem đáp án
Bài 1: 1. There were lots of tourists in the city centre. The city centre was crowded with tourists. 2. There was a lot of furniture in the room. The room was full of furniture. 3. I don’t like sport very much. I’m not very keen on sport. 4. We haven’t got enough time. We’re a bit short of time. 5. I’m not a very good tennis player. I’m not very good at tennis. 6. Catherine’s husband is Russian. Catherine is married to a Russian. 7. I don’t trust Robert. I’m suspicious of Robert. 8. My problem is not the same as yours. My problem is different from yours. Bài 2: 1. Our house is similar to yours. Perhaps yours is a bit larger. 2. I’m tired of doing the same things every day. I need a change. 3. John has no money of his own. He’s totally dependent on his parents. 4. I don’t like going up ladders. I’m afraid of heights. 5. Linda doesn’t look very well. I’m worried about her. 6. Are you still upset about what I said to you yesterday? 7. I was delighted with the present you gave me. 8. We’re all excited about going on holiday next week. Bài 3: 1. The course begins on 7 January and ends on 10 March. 2. I went to bed at midnight and got up at 6.30 the next morning. 3. We travelled overnight to Paris and arrived at 5 o’clock in the morning. 4. Mozart was born in Salzburg in 1756. 5. Are you doing anything special at the weekend? 6. I haven’t seen Ann for a few days. I last saw her on Tuesday. 7. I’ll phone you on Tuesday morning at 10 o’clock, okay? 8. Tom’s grandmother died in 1977 at the age of 79. 9. The price of electricity is going up in October. 10. There are usually a lot of parties on New Year’s Eve. 11. I like walking round the town at night. 12. The telephone and the doorbell rang at the same time. 13. I waited for you for half an hour and then decided that you weren’t coming. 14. Production at the factory was seriously affected during the strike. 15. It can be dangerous when children play football in the street. 16. I’ll meet you at the corner (of the street) at 10 o’clock. 17. Tom’s ill. He wasn’t at work today. He was at home in bed. 18. Paul is a student at London University. 19. I’ve just received an invitation to a wedding next week.
20. The cause of the fire in the hotel last night is still unknown. 21. Money isn’t the solution to every problem. 22. The company has rejected the workers’ demands for an increase in pay. 23. Bill and I used to be good friends but I don’t have much contact with him now. 24. I wrote to Jim last week, but I still haven’t received a reply to my letter. 25. Do you know any songs by the Beatles? 26. There was panic when people realized the building was on fire. 27. The shop assistant wouldn’t accept my cheque and insisted that I paid in cash 28. When I was 14, I went on a trip to France organized by my school. 29. We hadn’t arranged to meet. We met by chance. 30. It’s very nice of you to let me use your car. Thank you very much. 31. I can’t understand people who are crucial to animals. 32. Why do you always get so annoyed about little things? 33. The people next door are annoyed with us for making so much noise last night. 34. We enjoyed our holiday but we were rather disappointed with the hotel. 35. I was surprised at the way he behaved. It was quite out of character. 36. Did you know that Linda is engaged to a friend of mine? 37. These days everyone is aware of the dangers of smoking. 38. Ann is fond of her younger brother. 39. Britain certainly isn’t famous for its food. 40. That man is very honest. He isn’t capable of telling a lie. 41. Do you know anyone who might be interested in buying an old car? 42. The police are responsible for maintaining law and order. 43. I’m sorry about the smell in this room. It’s just been painted. 44. She hasn’t got a job. She depends on her parents for money. 45. Are you going to apologise for what you did? 46. Tom and I ran into each other in town yesterday afternoon. 47. A football team consists of 11 players. 48. Do you belong to a political party? 49. The accident was my fault, so I had to pay for the damage. 50. Sally is often not well. She suffers from severe headaches. Ngữ giới từ – Ngữ giới từ bao gồm một giới từ, tân ngữ của giới từ (là một danh từ hoặc đại từ) và một số thành phần bổ ngữ khác. – Sau đây là ví dụ một vài ngữ giới từ: • By the ocean • Near the window • Over the cabinet • With us