Một số khuynh hướng nghiên cứu tình thái đa thức hiện nay

48<br /> <br /> N G 6 N NGf & Bin<br /> <br /> S6NG<br /> <br /> Sl9(239)-2015<br /> <br /> j<br /> <br /> HlTdNG NGHIEN CUtJ<br /> TINH THAI DA THU'C HlfN NAY<br /> <br /> M O T S 6 KHUYNH<br /> <br /> C U R R E N T T R E N D S I N STUDYING MULTIMODALITY<br /> NGUVfiN T I A N PHtiNG<br /> (ThS; Tnrdng D«i hgc Quy Nhon)<br /> Abstract: Due to tiie fact that images are oveiwhehning in current written texts, language is m<br /> longer the only mode of discourse. Tlie grammar of visual design developed by G. Kress and T. van<br /> Leewen in 1996 has shed lights on MultimodaUty or Multimodal Discouse Analisis and paved tie<br /> ways fiir potential research on this field of study. Hie article summarises the three differoit kinds of<br /> meaning-making resources simultaneously entailed in all images wfaich are proposed by G. Kress<br /> and T. van Leewea It tiien provides an overview of recent trends in lesefflcbing Multimoda%,<br /> thoeby raising some suggestions for renovation of textbook design and language teaching in<br /> Vietiiam.<br /> Key<br /> <br /> words: Multimodalify; Multimodal discourse analisis; visual design; visual semiotics<br /> <br /> L.^vande<br /> N^dn<br /> vita<br /> tlnh<br /> tfaii<br /> da thiic<br /> (Multimodalily) hay phin tich diin ngdn da thiic<br /> (Multimodal discourse analisis) l i mdt nginh<br /> cdn lit mdi md d Vidt Nam Trong kM bdn till<br /> gidi, nginh niy dSraddi v i ph^t.triln tuong dli<br /> m ^ md bong khoing 20 nim-qiia tii d Vi$t<br /> Nam, nd mdi hlnh thinh trong khoing vii nim<br /> bd l?i d%. Theo C. Jewitt (2009) v i G. Kress,<br /> (2009) (din bong J. Bezemer, 2012) till tinh tiiii<br /> da thiic (ITDT) l i nginh nghien ciu hdn nginh<br /> nhim myc didi tim hilu n^ita bilu tnmg v i<br /> ngUa giao tilp tii nhttng kilu tin h i ^ giao t i ^<br /> khic di ktei ngdn ngtt. TTBT cung d p cic khii<br /> nidm, phuong p h ^ v i md hlnh nim thu tii§p v i<br /> phin tich cic ylu t l tuong tic v i mdi trudng ve<br /> Unh inh, im tiianh, khSng gian v i cidi bilu<br /> b i ^ ding nhu mli quan i4 gitta cic ylu t l niy.<br /> Trong x i hdi cdng n ^ tiidng tin biing n l tianh<br /> inh nhu h i ^ nay, vai bd b l trg kiln t^o nghia<br /> vin bin cua hlnh inh dang din d u ^ k^ng<br /> djnh, vl viy, dl hilu trgn nghia vin bin d n diu<br /> tim din sy phin tich diin ngdn da fliiic tiiay vi<br /> chi t ^ bung vio phin tidi di&i ngSn vdi sy tip<br /> trung don tiiuin ^ ^ y&i t l ngdn ngtt nhu tiudc<br /> diy (M. Domingo, C. Jewitt v i G. Kress, 2014,<br /> L. Unswortii, 2014, C. Yumin, 2015).<br /> <br /> Trong khudn khi bii vilt niy, diiing tdi giii<br /> tiii^ nhttng nit kbit quit nbit v l 11 tiiuylt ngtt<br /> phip vl tiuet kl bye quan do G. Kress v i T. van<br /> Leewen xiy dyng (1996/2006), sau dd tdm luge<br /> cic khuynh hudng n ^ & i ciiu TIDT 1*1 Wai<br /> hi$n nay,tikdd dua ra ni$t s l nhin xdt ban dib<br /> bong v i ^ ^ dyng nhttng nghidn ciiu TIDT v ^<br /> bii cinh phit biln vin hda, x i h^i, khoa hgc vi<br /> cdng ngh$tiiSngtinhi|n nay d Vi^t Nam<br /> 2. Lf thnylt ngtt phip v l thilt kl tiTfc<br /> quan<br /> G. Kress v i T. van Leeuwen (1996/2006) IB<br /> phit tiiin 11 tiswlt ngtt phip v l tiiilt kl tiv«><br /> quan dya bdn nin U tiiuylt sidu chiic ning cia<br /> ngdn ngtt hgc chAc ning h$ tiling ciia M A X<br /> Hallid^. Ibeo hai dng, cd ba lo^ nguIn t^<br /> nghli ciing m$t liic dugc till h i ^ bong tit ci<br /> cic hlnh inh l i nghla bilu trung, n g ^ Udn nhin<br /> (hayn^i!abiangtic)vin#iiablcyc.<br /> Zl. Nghla biiu trung<br /> Tiy tiieo cidi blnh inh xiy dyng ndn s\r<br /> bilu trung dia hidn tiiyc m i ta cd till x ^ vio<br /> l o ^ "hrdngtiiu$t"(nanative) hoic "khii ni^"<br /> (conceptiial). M$t hlnh inh iat/c xem l i "tiidng<br /> fliuit" khi nd cd till md t i tiiam till (li ngudi<br /> ho$c khdng jitild l i ngudi) tham gia vio cic sy<br /> <br /> i6 9 (239)-2015<br /> <br /> N G 6 N N G C & Ddi S6NG<br /> <br /> d$n nhu bSnh d$ng bo$c phdn ikig, ngdn ibo^<br /> K)§c tinh thliL Mpt hinh finh din?c xem lA'"kha<br /> l i ^ " khi n6 mo ^ s^ I^Sn logi quan h$ d u t i ^<br /> /A tSng thS ho$c quan b^ bieu tupng.<br /> <br /> IXN^ddli&inhdnhiQfngldiHuang^<br /> Nghik li€n nhSn hay ngjbiia tucmg tdc bao<br /> > ^ ba I M i d i ^ chinh 14 si^ gjao t i ^ , Idiodng<br /> ;dch xS hpi vdtiidid$ l i ^ nhSa<br /> - StiC giao tiip (contact) Id kilu t i ^ xuc giOa<br /> [igu6i xem vd tiiam thi jbigvc b i ^ tnmg trong<br /> (Ml dnh. S\i giao tilp c6 ihl Id ngu6i xem tuong<br /> tdc tr\rc tilp v6i tiiam dil ho$c ngu6i xem quan<br /> sdt tham &I. Nlu dnh mdt cua mpt ho$c n h i ^<br /> tham thl dupc bilu trung hu6ng ve phia ngu6i<br /> xon thl luc d6 sS dien ra s^ tuong tdc ^ 6 i ^ nhu<br /> tuoi^ tdc l i ^ nhdn, nhung neu dnh mdt cua<br /> tham thl dupc bilu trung khdng hu6ng vdo<br /> rigu6i xon thl ngu6i xem dil d o n & u ^ Id ngu6i<br /> quan sdt fliam thl dupc bieu trung trong Mnh<br /> dnh.<br /> ~ Khodng cdch xd hdi (socicd distance) Id<br /> bilu hi$n khodng cdch xd hpi ^Oa tham thl vd<br /> ngu6i xem. Mli quan h$ c6 till Id tiian m^ blnh<br /> thudng hay xa cdch dupc thl h i ^ qua v i ^ hlnh<br /> dnh dupc d i w 6 q ; li g ^ cvr li trung bhih hay<br /> cvrlixa.<br /> - Jhdi dd liSii nhdn Cinterpersoncd attitude)<br /> dupc xdy dyng t r ^ nin tdng cua g6c d$ tiieo<br /> chilu tiidng diing vd g6c dO tiieo chilu ngang.<br /> Trong khi gdc dp theo chilu tiidng ducng Id g6c<br /> d$ mA hlnh dnh dupc nMn tir t ^ mdt cilia ngu6i<br /> xon bao g6m t ^ cao, t ^ trung vd tiim t h ^ tid<br /> g6c dO tiieo diieu i^ang Id g6c dO mAtiiam tiie<br /> dupc d$t 6 g6c khuS trong Wnh hay ngay tni6c<br /> m$t, song scmg vdi ngubi x^n. Gdc dp theo<br /> chi& tiidng dung ciia Unh dnh till h i ^ quyin<br /> l\ic tuong doi dm v6i khdn gii ho$c tiiam till<br /> dupc \mx trung. G6c nhln tib^ xu6ng the hi^n<br /> tham thl dang nhln xuAng ngu£ri xem vd do dd<br /> tham till dugc x o n nhu Id cd nhilu q u y ^ l\ic<br /> hon ngudi xem. Ngupc l^i, vdi gdc nhln tur tren<br /> cao, ngudi xem dudng nhu dupc d$t d v) trf nhln<br /> xulaig tiiam thl vd do dd, ngudi xem cd v£ nhir<br /> cd nhieu q i Q ^ l\ic hon tham till. Gdc d$ theo<br /> chilu ngang cOa Unh dnh ngay trudc m$t vd<br /> <br /> 49<br /> <br /> song song vdi ngudi xem cd n g t ^ Id. ngudi xem<br /> I r ^ di$n vdi tham the, till hi$n hi$u tjcng ph6i<br /> dinh muon toi da. hda svr gia n h ^ ciia ngubi<br /> xem