Một số vấn đề về phát triển nguồn nhân lực chất lượng cao vùng kinh tế trọng điểm miền Trung qua phân tích SWOT

VEMR<br /> <br /> MOT S6 V A N Dg PHAT T R I ^ N N G U 6 N NHAN LLfC,<br /> <br /> KINH NGHllM THI/C TllN<br /> <br /> MOT SO VAN 0^ v^ PHAT TRI^N NGU6N NHAN LL/C CHAT LUONG CAO<br /> VONG KINH re' TRONG DI^M MI^N TRUNG QUA P H A N TICH SWOT<br /> Le Quang Hiing<br /> .X<br /> <br /> Vimg kinh te trpng diem mien Trung<br /> (KTTDMT) cd difn tich 27.884 km^' chilm<br /> 8,45% difn tich cd nude, ddn s6 khodng<br /> 6,133 trifu ngudi (ndm 2009) chilm 7,1%<br /> ddn sd cd nude vd dy bdo den 2025 Id 8,15<br /> trifu ngudi. Vdi chuoi dd thj dang phdt triin<br /> ndm trdi ddi tren 558 km bd bien, tu Hue, Dd<br /> Ndng, Hpi An, Tam Ky, den Qudng Ngdi,<br /> Quy Nhan, gdn vdi cdc khu kinh tl ldn nhu<br /> Chdn Mdy - Ldng Cd, Chu Lai, Dung Quit,<br /> Nhan Hdi, Vimg KTTDMT cd mdt vi trf<br /> chien lupc bet sue quan trpng vl dia ly, kinh<br /> te, chinh tri, vdn hod vd an ninh qudc phdng;<br /> Id mat tien cua cd nude, tieu vimg sdng Me<br /> Kdng vd chdu A - Thai Binh Duong. Tuy<br /> nhien, vifc phdt trien ngudn nhdn lyc chdt<br /> lupng cao phyc vy cho phdt trien kinh te - xa<br /> hdi cua Vimg dang dung trudc nhung thdeh<br /> thuc ldn.<br /> Su dung phdn tich SWOT, trong bdi ndy,<br /> tdc gid se neu rd cdc dilm manh, dilm ylu,<br /> CO hdi vd thach thuc trong vifc phdt triin<br /> ngudn nhan lyc chit lugng cao cho Vimg<br /> KTTDMT.<br /> 1. Diem manh<br /> - Ngudn nhan lyc vimg kinh tl trpng dilm<br /> miin Trung khd ddi ddo, lyc lugng lao dpng<br /> khu vyc thdnh thi cd xu hudng tdng nhanh<br /> cung vdi qua trinh dd thi hda. Trinh dp hpc<br /> vin, trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thuat ciia lyc<br /> lugng lao ddng khdng ngimg dugc cdi thifn.<br /> * Le Quang Hung, Thac sT, Trudrng Cao dSng Kinh te<br /> Ke hoach D^ NSng.<br /> Q<br /> <br /> QUAN Lt KINH Tl<br /> <br /> ddp ling ngdy cdng cao ydu ciu ciia thi hudng<br /> lao dpng.<br /> Xu thi chuyin djch ca ciu lao dpng theo<br /> hudng tfch eye, phu hgp vdi chuyin djch co<br /> ciu kinh tl cua Vimg ciing nhu cua cd nude.<br /> - Hf thong ddo tao nghi cd budc phat<br /> triin. Cdc chinh sdch ve phdt trien ddo tao<br /> nghe ngdy cdng phu hgp vdi ngudi dude dao<br /> tao. Cdng tdc qudn ly nhd nude ve ddo tao<br /> nghi dd dugc ciing cd, dn dinh vd phdt triin.<br /> Dgi ngu lao ddng cd nghi trong cac nganh<br /> kinh tl phdt triin nhanh, ty If lao ddng qua<br /> ddo tao ngdy cdng dugc nang cao.<br /> - Hdu bet cdc dia phuang trong Vimg deu<br /> da ban hdnh nhieu chinh sdch uu dai trong<br /> vifc ddo tao ciing nhu thu hut, su dung nhan<br /> lyc trinh dp cao. Diln hinh nhit Id nhihig<br /> chinh sdch cd tfnh chit dpt phd cua thdnh pho<br /> Dd Ndng trong nhiing ndm gin day. Yeu to<br /> ndy, do vay, da t?io dilu kifn thudn lgi trong<br /> vifc thyc hifn myc tieu "nang cao dan tri, dao<br /> tao nhan lyc va boi dudng nhan tdi" cua vimg.<br /> Thu h ^ g vl chi sd ddo t?io- lao dpng<br /> trong chi sd nSng lyre canh tranh cap tinh<br /> (PCI) cua hiu hit cdc dia phuang trong khu<br /> vyc dugc cdi thifn ro rft (Da Ndng: thii 1,<br /> Thua thien Hul: thur 10, Binh Dinh^21....),<br /> trong do, d^c bift phdi kl din Dd Ndng, dia<br /> phuang dan diu ca nude trong 2 ndm lien<br /> tilp cd ve thu hang PCI cfing nhu chi sd dao<br /> tao lao dpng trong PCI Dilu do da phan<br /> dnh dling sy: phat triin cua lyc lugng lao<br /> dpng cua Viing cimg nhu su n§ luc cua<br /> chinh quyIn dia phuang trong vifc nang<br /> <br /> So 43 (9+10/2011)<br /> <br /> cao chat lugng lao dpng, ddp ung yeu cau<br /> phdt trien kinh te xa hpi cua Viing trong<br /> nhirng nam qua.<br /> 2. Diem yeu<br /> - Phin ldn dan sd vd lyc lugng lao dpng<br /> tap trung d khu vuc ndng thdn (dan so ndng<br /> thdn hifn nay chiem tren 67% dan so). Trinh<br /> dp hpc vin, trinh dp chuyen mdn ky thuat<br /> ciing nhu chit lugng cudc sdng cd sy cdch bift<br /> ldn giiia ndng thdn vd thanh thi, co cdu lao<br /> ddng chua hgp ly, lao ddng d ITnh vyc ndng<br /> nghifp chilm ban 50% lyc lugng lao ddng.<br /> - Ty If lao ddng qua ddo tao ciia viing<br /> KTTDMT chi vdo khodng 36,3%, trong khi dd,<br /> d Vimg kinh tl trpng dilm phia Bdc la 39,18%,<br /> d Vimg kinh tl trpng dilm phia Nam Id<br /> 47,74%. Chit lugng ngudn nhdn lyc cd trinh<br /> dp cao cua Vimg ciing rit han chi. Ty If lao<br /> ddng cua Vimg da qua ddo tao cao ddng - d^<br /> hpc cung chi dat 7,5%, trong khi do, ty If ndy<br /> d Vung kinh tl trpng dilm phia Bdc Id 10,33%<br /> vd d Vimg kinh tl trpng dilm phfa Nam la<br /> 8,75%.. Hf thong ddo tao nghi cdn nhd, manh<br /> mun; vifc ldm chua bin vung, hifu qua vifc<br /> ldm chua cao; quan hf lao dpng cdn chiia<br /> dyng nhilu bit dn; Cd thi khdng dinh chit<br /> lupng ngudn nhdn lyc chua ddp iing yeu cdu<br /> vd thi trudng lao ddng chua phdt triin.<br /> Cdng tdc xay dung quy hoach, kl hoach<br /> ddo tao ngudn nhdn luc chit lupng cao cdn<br /> nhilu ban chi. Mang ludi ca sd ddo t^o chua<br /> phdt triin, chi mdi tap trung d mdt sd ca sd<br /> dao tao cdng lap va chii ylu tap trung d Hue<br /> vd Dd Ndng. Quy md, ngdnh nghe, myc tieu<br /> ddo tao chua sat vdi yeu ciu thyc tl. Chua<br /> xdy dung dugc mdi lien kit ddo tao nghe giu:a<br /> CO sd ddo tao vd cdc doanh nghifp.<br /> Ca ciu ddo tao lao ddng cdn bit hgp ly,<br /> nhan thuc cua ngudi dan vl hpc nghi va lam<br /> nghi cham thay ddi. Da sd hpc sinh tuy biet<br /> ndng lyc gidi han nhung vdn cd tdm ly ngai<br /> hpc nghi va cd theo dudi cdc chuang trinh<br /> <br /> So 43 (9+10/2011)<br /> <br /> VEMR<br /> <br /> KINH NGHIEM THUC TllN<br /> <br /> MOT S 6 VAN Dg PHAT TRI^N NGU6N NHAN LL/C<br /> <br /> dao tao cao ban. Trong khi do, cac co sd dao<br /> tao, ke cd cac ca sd cdng lap, chay theo<br /> thuang trudng nen cd tinh trang dieu kien dao<br /> tao chua tuang ximg vdi quy md va bac dao<br /> tao. Ddc bift la vin de chat lugng dpi ngii<br /> y<br /> <br /> "i<br /> <br /> gido vien chua ddp ung dugc yeu cau (tuyen<br /> sinh ndm hpc 2011 trudng Dai hoc Kinh te<br /> Da Ndng ddng cua hai nganh kinh tl chinh tri<br /> vd thdng ke tin hpc do khdng cd thi sinh<br /> trung tuyIn; Trudng Dai hpc Pham Van Ddng<br /> (Quang Ngai) ciing thdng bao ddng cua<br /> nganh tai chfnh ngan hang sau khi cdng bd<br /> dilm chuin nguyfn vpng 1, mac du day la<br /> ngdnh "hot" hien nay).<br /> - Ty If lao ddng trong nhdm ngudn nhan<br /> lyc cao ding, dai hpc trd len cdn thip, chua<br /> ddp ung dupe yeu cau phat triin (ty le lao<br /> ddng cd trinh dp cao ddng trd len so vdi tdng<br /> sd ngudi lam viec trung binh ciia Vimg<br /> chilm 7,33%). Ngudn nhan lyc hien nay<br /> chit lugng thip, quy md doanh nghifp nhd<br /> va ylu, nang suit lao ddng thip va hieu qua<br /> diu tu chua cao.<br /> - Liing tung trong vifc tim ra md hinh dao<br /> tao nang cao tay nghi cho ngudi lao ddng,<br /> nhit la lao ddng dang lam viec. Vi the, trinh<br /> dp lao ddng van cdn thip, khdng dap ung<br /> dugc yeu ciu nang cao nang suit lao ddng, su<br /> dung cdng nghf cao va chuyin ddi md hinh<br /> theo chilu sau mdt each bin vung. Hoat ddng<br /> ddo tao nhdm ddn diu sy phat triin ciia mdt<br /> sd nganh, nghi ddi hdi trinh dp chuyen mdn<br /> cao trong tuong lai chua dugc chu y.<br /> 3. Ctfhpi<br /> Vj trf dia ly cua Vimg kinh tl trpng dilm<br /> miin Trung cd nhilu thuan lgi, dugc Nha<br /> nude xdc dinh Id viing kinh tl ddng lyc, diu<br /> tdu khdng nhirng cho miin Trung-Tay<br /> Nguyen md cdn la cua cd nude. Mat khde,<br /> nhan dan trong Vimg cd truyln thdng hilu<br /> hpc, cd y chf vd quylt tam cao trong y chf vd<br /> hdnh ddng nen cd nhilu ca hdi dl ddo tao<br /> <br /> QUAN Lt KINH TE g g<br /> <br /> ICT1 KINH NGHllM THI/C TIEN<br /> ngudn nhan lyc vd gidi quylt vifc ldm cho<br /> lao dpng ciia Viing.<br /> - Nhd nude da diu tu nhfi-ng cdng trinh<br /> ldn, trpng dilm quoc gia vd hinh thdnh nhilu<br /> khu kinh tl, khu cdng nghifp (Chan Mdy,<br /> Lien Chilu, Chu Lai, Dung Quit, Nhan<br /> Hdi...) cho Vung KTTDMT. Ddy Id ca hpi dk<br /> thu hut diu tu trong nude vd nude ngodi, Id<br /> CO sd dl thu hut vd gidi quylt mpt lugng ldn<br /> nhan lyc cd trinh dp cao ddi hdi cdc ca sd ddo<br /> tao phdi dap ung.<br /> - Da cd sy chuyin dich vl ca ciu kinh te<br /> theo hudng gidm din ti trpng ndng nghifp,<br /> tdng ti trpng cdng nghifp, djch vy dan den<br /> thay doi ca cau vifc ldm vd ca cau lao dpng.<br /> Giai doan 2011-2020, tren thi trudng lao<br /> ddng se cd nhung sy dich chuyin ve lao dpng<br /> vifc ldm giiia cdc ngdnh, khu vyc kinh te,<br /> giira cdc dia phuang, giiia ndng thdn vd thdnh<br /> thi. Dieu ndy ldm cho sy phdn bd ngudn lyc<br /> lao ddng dugc hgp ly ban, mang lai lgi fch<br /> kinh te ldn ban cho ngudi lao ddng, cho<br /> doanh nghifp ciing nhu todn bd nen kinh te<br /> ciia Vimg.<br /> - Nen kinh te tri thuc dang phdt triin,<br /> Vimg KTTDMT cd thi phdt huy dugc lyc<br /> lupng lao ddng ddi ddo tren ca sd phdt huy<br /> the manh cua cdc trudng dai hpc ldn cua<br /> Vimg nhu Dai hpc Da Ndng, Dai hpc<br /> Hul...dl ddy nhanh ddo tao ngudn nhdn lyc<br /> cd trinh dp cao vd phdt triin manh khoa hpc<br /> cdng nghf.<br /> Hgp tdc qudc te vd chuyen giao cdng<br /> nghf trong cdng tdc ddo tao, phdt triin nhan<br /> lyc tilp tyc dugc phdt buy trong boi cdnh<br /> todn ciu hod vd hdi nhap quoc tl. Lao dpng<br /> trong Vimg cd nhilu ca hdi ndng cao trinh dp<br /> chuyen mdn ky thudt, ddp ung cdc chuin myc<br /> qudc tl khi cac hinh thuc lidn kit ddo tao<br /> hoac chfnh sdch khuyin khfch cac ca sd dao<br /> tao nude ngodi cd uy tfn ddt chi nhdnh tai mdt<br /> so dia phuong trong Vimg dugc thyc hifn.<br /> 2 1 QUAN Lt KINH Tl<br /> <br /> MOT S 6 VAN<br /> <br /> Dg PHAT TRI^N NGU6N NHAN Ll/C,„<br /> <br /> 4. Thdeh thiic<br /> - Dilu kifn kit ciu ha ting cdn thilu vd<br /> ylu. Nhiing vin dl xd hpi (nhu thu nh$p thip,<br /> thit nghifp, ddi nghdo, mdi trudng 6<br /> nhiem...) cdn nhilu buc xuc, ddi hdi phdi co<br /> nhfing birt phd nhanh dk nit ngdn khodng<br /> cdch cua ngudi ddn trong Viing so vdi cdc<br /> viing khde trong cd nude. Ngu6n nhan lire<br /> cua Viing dang rit thilu lao d^ng ky thu|it<br /> cao, lyc lugng lao dpng chua qua ddo tao cdn<br /> chilm ty trpng ldn. Gifi-a cdc dja phuong<br /> trong Viing cd sy chenh Ifch ldn ve trinh dp<br /> lao dpng, ca ciu lao dpng bit hgp ly dang Id<br /> vin dk khd khdn cho vifc thuc hifn myc tieu<br /> phdt triin cua Vung trong dinh hudng chiln<br /> luge din ndm 2020.<br /> Th} trudng lao dpng cua Vimg chua phat<br /> triin, chit lugng ngu6n nhan lyc chua cao,<br /> thilu sue canh tranh, nen van de lao ddng<br /> vifc ldm de bi tdc dpng khi cd sy bat dn cua<br /> thi trudng thi gidi. Cdc doanh nghifp se phdi<br /> chiu sue dp canh tranh ngay cdng manh hon<br /> trong vifc dk duy tri vifc ldm ddi vdi cac<br /> doanh nghifp yeu kem, nguy ca that nghifp<br /> Id rat ldn. Canh tranh lao dpng, vifc ldm tren<br /> thi trudng lao dpng sd ngdy cdng gay gdt hon.<br /> Lgi the canh tranh nhu gid nhdn cdng re se<br /> gidm din, nhfing m^t ylu cda lao dpng nhu<br /> trinh dp tay nghi, chuyen mdn, ngoai ngu, ky<br /> lu$t, tdc phong cdng nghiep va thi lyc se la<br /> nhung thdeh thuc ldn, cin sdm dugc cdi thien.<br /> Nhilu thanh pho ldn nhu Hd Ndi, thanh<br /> pho Ho Chi Minh Id nhfing thi trudng lao<br /> dpng cd sdc hip din ldn (ca hpi vifc ldm ldn,<br /> muc luang cao), dang cd sdc hut ddi voi<br /> ngudi lao dpng noi khac. Trong nhilu nam<br /> qua, khu vyrc mien Tnmg la hai cung cap lao<br /> dpng khd nhilu cho cdc thanh phd hrdn, din<br /> din tinh trang chay mdu chit xdm. Do vay,<br /> cdc dia phuang trong Vimg can nghien cliu<br /> cdc bifn phap dl "gifi: chan" lao ddng co<br /> chuydn mdn ky thuat cao, lao ddng cd tay<br /> nghi gidi dap iing dugc nhu ciu nhdn luc<br /> <br /> So 43 (9+10/2011)<br /> <br /> MOT s6 VAN Dg PHAT TRI^N N G U 6 N NHAN Li;c<br /> <br /> KINH NGHllM THI/C TIEN<br /> <br /> ngdy cdng ldn cua cdc khu cdng nghifp, khu<br /> kinh te.<br /> - Vifc diy nhanh toe dp diu tu cdc khu<br /> cdng nghifp, khu kinh te md va cdc cym<br /> cdng nghifp trong tuong lai se cd tdc dpng<br /> chuyen dich ca cdu lao ddng - vifc lam. Nhu<br /> ciu chuyen ddi nganh nghi, ddo tao vd ddo<br /> r<br /> <br /> \<br /> <br /> \<br /> <br /> tao lai rat ldn, do vdy can phdi cd ngudn<br /> nhan lyc chat lugng cao de phdt triin kinh tl<br /> - xa hdi cua Vimg mdt cdch ben viing tao mdi<br /> r<br /> <br /> \<br /> <br /> trudng cho vifc thu hut vdn ddu tu.<br /> Muc tieu phdt triin cua Vimg KTTDMT<br /> la: tdc dp tdng trudng binh quan GDP hang<br /> ndm giai doan 2011-2020 dat khodng 1,25 iin<br /> tdc dp tdng trudng binh quan cd nude; tdng<br /> gid tri xuit khiu binh quan diu ngudi/ ndm tu<br /> 149 USD nam 2005 len 2.530 USD ndm<br /> 2020; tang muc ddng gdp ciia Vimg trong thu<br /> ngdn sdch cua cd nude tu 4,6% nam 2005 len<br /> 7% ndm 2020; diy nhanh tdc dp ddi mdi<br /> cdng nghf dat bmh quan 20%/nam trong tiln<br /> trmh hifn dai hod, ndng cao din ty If lao<br /> ddng qua ddo tao, gidm vd gifi: khdng tang ty<br /> If lao ddng khdng cd vifc ldm xudng 5% vd<br /> tilp tyc kiim sodt dudi muc an todn cho phep<br /> <br /> SiSiS^ 43 (9+10/2011)<br /> <br /> VEMR<br /> <br /> Id 4% din 2020, pbin diu moi nam gidi quyet<br /> hon 60-70 nghin cho ldm vifc mdi; gidm ty le<br /> hp nghdo td 15,5% ndm 2005 xudng khoang<br /> 2% nam 2020.<br /> Ddi hdi Viing KTTDMT phdi cd nhieu<br /> gidi phdp manh vl phdt triin nguon nhan lyc<br /> chit lupng cao ve: gido due va ddo tao; chfnh<br /> sach su dung nhan lyc khoa hpc va cdng nghf,<br /> thu hut nhan lyc,khoa hpc-cdng nghe chat<br /> lugng cao td nude ngodi; xdy dung cac trung<br /> tam ddo tao chit lupng cao ngudn nhan lyc;<br /> hgp tac trong nude va qudc te de dao tao<br /> ngudn nhan lyc chit lugng cao; phdi hgp lien<br /> tinh, lien vimg.../.<br /> <br /> TAI LIEU THAM KHAO<br /> •<br /> <br /> Nien giam Thdng ke cac tinh Vimg kinh<br /> tl trpng dilm miin Trung, giai doan<br /> 2005-2009.<br /> <br /> •<br /> <br /> Quy hoach phdt triin ngudn nhan lyc cdc<br /> tinh vimg kinh tl trpng dilm miin Trung<br /> den ndm 2020.<br /> <br /> QUAN Lt KINH Tl<br /> <br />