Suy nghĩ về kinh tế - xã hội Thăng Long - Hà Nội hôm qua, hôm nay và ngày mai

SUY NGHI VE KINH TE - XA HOI THANG LONG - HA NOI<br /> HOM QUA. HOM NAY VA NGAY MAI<br /> <br /> <br /> NGUyfiN THt/A HY'<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> T hfing Long-H& Noi lit kinh d6-thu do<br /> cua Vi§t Nam ttoig c6 b^ d&y ng&n<br /> nfim lich sii. D6 16 m6t vi mSu dili?c co d^c<br /> ndi chung. 6 dfty, thig't chg" chinh tri - hS tu<br /> tUcIng, true tigp thdng qua ducfng loi chfnh<br /> sach cua nhft cSm quyen, da co mot tftc<br /> lai cua toan bp Vi$t Nam. Nghien ciiu dung hiu nhu quygt dinh d6i vdi tinh hinh<br /> Thftng Long - Hft Npi cung chinh 1ft nghign kinh tg-xa hdi, tiiy lUc tao nen mot xung lUc<br /> cflu Viet Nam. hay mot trd lUc doi vdi tien bo xa hoi. Su<br /> •Rm hi^u Hft Noi khong dOn thuin 1ft t6n tai bin vflng Iftu dai mang tinh bao thu<br /> m6t vft'n d^ khoa hoc, cua ly tri, m& con 1ft ciia cac thi^t che chuyen che phudng Dong<br /> vft'n de cua trai tim, cua tinh yeu. Hieu bigt giai thich vi sao cft'u true kinh \M • xa h6i<br /> chinh 1ft dieu kien de gftn b6, yeu thudng, cac quoc gia nfty - trong dd c6 Thftng Long<br /> cong hien va hy sinh. Mot khi da yeu, ngUdi Hft Noi cua Vift Nam truyen thong • da<br /> ta thifcing Ui hfto v9i ve dep cua doi tUdng, chftm thay doi, it cd nhiing chuyen bi^n ve<br /> nhUng cung sftn sftng chft'p nhfin nhOng n6t cha't. Trai qua nhUng thfing trim cua ngan<br /> chtia dep, tbftm chf nhOng tftt xft'u cua doi nftm lich s\t, cac nU6c nfty vSn bao lUu m6t<br /> tUdng, v6i hy vgng se cai tao dUdc n6 d^ khung ket cfi'u kinh tg - xa h6i cd ban vdi<br /> ti^p cftn tdi mot hinh anh hoftn thi?n hdn. nhflng dang ngt tUdng dong nhU mot h^ng<br /> BS. DO chinh 1ft mot thfl gien cd ban di<br /> truygn van h6a, hay m6t "meme", ._'dng<br /> 1. Nhan dien c£u true kinh tS - xa hdi flng vdi "gene", nhU thuftt ngG dUdc dflng<br /> Thang Long - Ha Ndi cua Richard Dawkins (1) vft cac nhft nhan<br /> hoc dUdng dai.<br /> Nguyen ly cd ban cua chinh trj kinh te<br /> hoc day chung ta r^ng kinh i4 • xa h^i 1ft cd Di^a tren aU phin tich nhflng dfl li^u<br /> sd ha tSng tren dd xfty dttng ISn mot kien lich sfl, x6t mpt each khai quat vft bo qua<br /> tnic thuang t i n g thi^t chg' chinh tri - h6 tu nhflng chi tigt, c6 th^ noi rItng Thftng Long<br /> tiiclng. NhUng se 1ft sai iSm n^u chung ta - Hft Noi da ton t^i vdi mot cfi'u true kinh t^<br /> lam dung luftn cd dd khi ftp dung vfto • xa hoi phflc hijp da nguyen. Dd 1ft mpt<br /> tnidng hdp cua Thfing Long - Hft N6i, cua khdng gian xft hdi - vfin hda trong dd da<br /> Vi§t Nam hay cua cac niidc phUdng Dong chung song hda binh nhiiu yeu td' khac<br /> <br /> ' PGS. TS. Dgii hoc Qu6c gia Hft N$i<br />  nghl6n ciru Lieh sii'. stf 3.2Q12<br /> <br /> bigt, hda dong ho$c tUdng phan, tUdng tftc vai trd chu dgo, trong khi sd' li§u thong kg<br /> vdi nhau theo cic chiiu thufin nghjch, pha nfim 2006 cho biit ty 1§ cua thftnh phin<br /> trdn hSn dung trong mOt he th^ng tUdng kinh t i nhft nU6c 1ft 46,2% trong tong gia<br /> doi on dinh vfi bin vflng. trj aan phim ciia thftnh p h i (2).<br /> Tinh phflc hdp da nguydn trudc he't bi^u Tinh phflc h^p da nguyen cflng bdc Id<br /> hidn d mftt khdng gian sinh ton. D6 1ft mOt Lrong cd cfi'u cU dfin xa h^i dd thi. Nhflng<br /> th^ kd't h(?p khd tach bi^t gifla thftnh thj vft ting ldp, giai cfi'p khftc nhau, th^m chi dii<br /> ndng thdn. Trong lich sfl, dd thi Thfing khfing nhau, cilng chung sing trong mpt<br /> Long-Hft Npi da ndi len nhu mdt hdn dao khdng gian xa hdi. Cd t h i ndi rfing cdng<br /> gifla biin ca ndng thdn. Ban thfin khu phO" dong cu dfin dd thi Hft Ndi 1ft toftn t h i "tfl<br /> phudng dich thUc cua dd thi cung tdn t^i dan al-ndng-cdng-thUdng", hda tr^n cilng<br /> nhu mpt h^t nhfin nhd bd bao quanh vft cd nhau, tuy ti 10 vft mftt d§ cd thay doi tfly<br /> mdi lien h^ thudng tn^c vdi mot cdng dong tflng khdng gian, thdi gian cu thi. Nhu<br /> Iftng xa ndng nghiep vfi thii cdng nghidp, chung ta biit, d phuong Tfiy thdi Trung dai,<br /> vfla tUdng xam vfla tUdng h^p. Thdi xUa, dd thudng cd sfl phan bi^t khft rach rdi ve khu<br /> 1ft dia bftn ciia phu Phung Thien r6i phii vuc dia ban cU tru dftnh cho tiing ting ldp<br /> Hoai Dflc, chu yiu 1ft hai huydn Thp Xuong xa hdi. Qu;y' tdc lanh chua d trong cac thftnh<br /> va Vinh Thufin thudc tinh Hft Ndi mft didn bao, Ifiu dfti. Thanh thi 1ft ndi tu cU ciia<br /> tich ldn hdn gfi'p nhieu lin. Ngfty nay, do ting ldp thd thii cdng vft thUdng nhan,<br /> thi trung tam Hft Ndi, vdi hftm lUdng kinh khdng ed ndng dftn. Cdng xa ndng thdn<br /> ti-xa hdi diLm dac, ciing nSm lot giiSa mdt "mir" d Nga 1ft khdng gian sinh ton rieng<br /> vung ngoai thanh rpng ldn ndng thdn vft bidt ciia cac ndng nd, ndng dan mujik,<br /> ban ndng thdn cung cac dd thi ve tinh. khdng cd chua dfi't. Trong khi dd, trong cac<br /> Thfing Long-Hft Ndi cung rft't da dang vi thdn phudng d Thftng Long Hft-Npi truyen<br /> cac loai hinh san xufi't vft cac v^t ph^m thong, cd ca cac gidi quan lieu, nho si, thd<br /> hang hda. Nd cd du mpi thftnh phin kinh thu cdng, thUdng nhfin, chflc sSc vft bach<br /> te, khdng hoftn toftn tUOng hdp nhUng da bo dinh, dia chu vft ndng dan cflng chung<br /> trd cho nhau trong mdt td'ng thi phflc hpp. sd'^ng. Cdn phai kl din si^ pha trpn vi<br /> So vdi cac thftnh thi chuyen nghipp trung chung tdc trong khu nhfin ldi "36 p h i<br /> cftn dai chfiu Au, Thfing Long-Hft Ndi cd phudng", vdi vai trd kinh t i chii d?o, vfla<br /> nhiiu mfit hftng hdn, nhflng Iai It cd loai tich cflc, vfla tidu cUc cua "nhan to Hoa<br /> san ph^m thUc sU vUpt trpi. Hinh nhU dd kiiu", tao ndn ndt nd'i trdi cua dd thi Thfing<br /> vfla 1ft mpt diim manh, vfla ding thdi 1ft Long-Hft Ndi truyen thing.<br /> mpt diem yiu eiia dd thi. Thdi Phftp thupc, Trong thdi C^n Hidn dai, tinh trang pha<br /> nen kinh t i tu ban chu nghia du nh§p vftn tgp cU dfin cua Hft Ndi khdng h i giam sflt.<br /> ton tai bdn nen kinh t i thu cdng thUdng Cd cfi'u cu dfin cua Hft Ndi thdi Phap thupc<br /> nghidp phong kiin truyin thong. Cho den da bao gom 3 thftnh to chii yeu: Viet, Hoa,<br /> ngfty nay, kinh t i Hft Ndi vSn 1ft mpt phfle Au. S\f hda trdn cU dfin cua Hft Ndi hien dai<br /> hdp kinh t i da ngftnh, da loai hinh vft da ngfty nay da dien ra theo mdt dgng thflc<br /> thftnh phin: nhft nudc, tfip thi, tu nhan vft mdi. O ndi thftnh, s i dan ngogi tinh nh^p<br /> cd yeu to" nfldc ngofti. Cac vfin ban chfnh cU ngfty cfijig ddng, trong khi 6 cftc huydn<br /> thflc xac dinh rfing kinh t i nhft nudc gifl ngogi thftnh chu yiu v§n 1ft cU dan ndng<br /> Suy nghi v& hinh tg- xa hOi Thfing Long...<br /> <br /> thdn, vdi ti Id trong toftn thftnh p h i vUdt s i sd'It. Nhfin thflc phflc hpp da nguydn cung<br /> dfin dd thi (59,2% nfim 2009). Cd cfi'u hfinh trfinh dupc m^t khudn mSu tU duy xd cflng<br /> chinh cac phudng thdn trong dd thj cung 1ft ddng bfing, gifio diiu thii cUu. Bdi vi trong<br /> mdt md hinh k6p, hon hdp gifla cac thiit cu^c sing, khdng cd gi 1ft bd't biin. Khi tinh<br /> chi phi nhft nUdc, phi quan phUdng (cftc hdi hinh thi^e t i dfi thay dii din mflc tao ra<br /> ding, hdi doftn) vdi nhflng thid't chi nhft nhflng mfiu thulin bfio d^ng, thi tU duy con<br /> nudc, quan phUOng (chinh quyen Iftng xa, 1J ngudi, trUdc hit 1ft nhflng nhfi lanh dao,<br /> trUdng, trUdng tuin...). ciing cin phai dieu chinh kip thdi, "IS^y lai<br /> Vfin hda, tfim ly Thftng Long - Hft N^i kim dong ho" sao eho phfl hpp vdi thUc tiln<br /> mang dfim tinh da nguyen phflc hdp, dan mdi. Cd Id mpi chiing ta diu biit, nhUng<br /> xen cftc to' chfi't vftn hda ndng th6n/dd thi, khdng phai luc nfto cung hiiu thfi'u dao vfi<br /> binh dfin/quan lieu nho si, phi chinh v§n dung hi§u qua cau ndi ciia Goethe: "Lf<br /> thong/chinh thong, cflng sU hda hijp tinh ton thuyit chi 1ft mfiu xam, cdn cfiy ddi thi mfii<br /> cfic tfn ngudng tdn giao (tin ngUdng dan mai xanh tUdi".<br /> gian, Dao, Phfit, Nho). Su tUdng xam vft J. Kinh tS'-xa hgi Thang Long-Hd Ndi<br /> dung hpp dd da diln ra tren mpi binh dien, trong diin trinh lich su"<br /> trong tCcng cpng dong, gia dinh din tflng cfi Trong cupc ddi thien nidn ky cua minh,<br /> nhan con ngudi. Cac nha nghien cflu dUdng didn mao vfi kinh ti-xfi hdi cua Thfing<br /> dai gpi dd Ift sU hda quyen ciia hai "truyen Long-Hft Ndi dfi chflng kien nhiing biin cd'<br /> thong nhd" va "truyin thd'ng ldn" trong ddi thay vdi mot toe dp khong diu, luc<br /> nhflng xa hdi trpng ndng. Tuy c6 sU canh nhanh khi chfim. Thfing Long-Hft Ndi<br /> tranh vft suy thinh tiiy tflng thdi k^, nhUng truyin thd'ng da trai qua nhflng thdi kjf<br /> nb'n chung, mdt the can bfing doi trpng van vftng son, vdi mpt tda hoang thftnh trfing 1§<br /> hda da dUdc xac Ifip. Tren thUc ti, d Thftng vft mdt khu pho phudng ddng due, tfi'p nfip<br /> Long-Hft Npi, chUa bao gid cd mdt vfin hda ban mua. NhUng binh Ifla chien tranh va<br /> tdn gifio nfto chiim gifl dUdc vi t h i dpc tdn. dpng loan xa hpi da tfin pha hau nhU toftn<br /> Nhfin dien d i thft'y ro cft'u true kinh te- bd khu hoang cung, vui sftu trong long dft't,<br /> ehl di lai nhflng da'u tich qua khfl trdn mftt<br /> xa hdi phflc hdp da nguyen cua Thfing<br /> dfi't qua mdt khu pho cd' kha khiem ton va<br /> Long-Hft Ndi se giflp chung ta co mpt tU<br /> cung khdng cdn bao ton dupc nguyen dang.<br /> duy phflc, mpt t i m nhin bao quat vft da<br /> chiiu khi phan tich vft xfl ly nhflng vfiii di Nhin chung, trong thdi k^ tien thUc dfin,<br /> dat ra cho sU phfit trien do thi, hogch dinh Thfing Long-Hft Noi truyin thd'ng la sU kit<br /> nhflng chinh sach phfl hdp vdi quin chung hdp gifla hai thuc the "thftnh" va "thi". Ben<br /> da so, cung nhu cho tflng nhdm xa hpi dfl 1ft canh khu thftnh chinh tri-quan lieu, Ifi mpt<br /> thiiu so trong cdng dong cU dfin, ting ldp khu thi kinh ti-dfin gian. Kit cfi'u kinh te<br /> tinh hoa cung nhU nhflng nhdm ngudi hi cua nd chu yiu bao gim mdt mgng ludi chd,<br /> thiet thdi. Nd cung giup nha cim quyin cd mdt khu p h i phudng ndi thi chuyen nghe<br /> mdt flng xii uyin chuyin khi d i ra dudng vft chuyen mftt hftng, mot cang sdng vdi<br /> ldi sao cho thu^n long ngUdi, khdng vi l