Chương trình cải cách chính trị và cải cách bộ máy chính quyền của Pièrre Pasquier ở Việt Nam trong những năm đầu thập niên 30, thế kỷ XX

CHUONG TRlNH "CAI CACH" CHfNH TRI VA "CAI CACH'<br /> Bd MAY CHfNH QUYiN CUA PIERRE PASQUIER Of V l U NAM<br /> TRONG NHONG N A M D A U THAP N I I N 30, V/H KY XX<br /> <br /> TATHITHtJY'<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> 2a bai vigt trUdc, chiing t6i da di cfiipngudi Phap lien bai bo lu6n eh^ do bao h6 3<br /> \Jd^n sxi thay ddi chinli s&ch thupe dia hai xii nky. Ngky 6-11-1925, Ton ThSt Hfin,<br /> va nhiing npi dung cd ban ciia chfnh sach dai di§n Hoi dong phu chfnh kf vdi Tokn<br /> thupe dia "mdi" mk Piprre Pasquier da quyin Ddng DUdng Alexandre Varenne mfit<br /> hoaeh dinh eho Ddng DUdng noi ehung, Thoa xidc. Theo dgy, ehfnh quyIn Phap<br /> Vipt Nam n6i riing thong qua mpt "ChUdng thiia nh&n Vinh Thuy Ik Dai Nam holing<br /> tnnh cai caeh" to 16n nhu da bigt, di doi di, nhung ehi nhiing 1§ dinh li§n quan din<br /> ph6 v6i cupc kfaiing hoang \i kinh tl? v^ diin li, vi§e an thfch, &n xa, t&ng phong eae<br /> eupe "khiing hoang thupe dia" diiu nhiing hftm tudc, chiie s4c mdi do HolUig d l ban<br /> nam 30. Trong hki vilSt n&y, ehiing I6i se chi di^, cdn lai, tSit ca nhiing vifc khac vl<br /> trinh bay vi vipc triln khai tren thUc t^ hinh hien, tU phap, tri an trong nUdc, vi$c<br /> ehfnh sach thupe dia hay la ehUdng trinh sip d&t eac cdng vu, vide lUa chon bl dung<br /> "eai each" tren eac linh viie chfnh trj vk bp quan lai se thuoc quyin nhft nUdc bao hd.<br /> may chfnh quy^n eiia Pidrre Pasquier. Ridng d Trung K^, KhSm sii Phdp sd "bdm<br /> 1. "Cdi cdch" chinh trf, khoi phuc bgc" vdi Hdi dong thUdng thU vl moi vi§e<br /> ch^ dp Bdo hd dd. Vi$e b l dung vk bai miin thxitfng thxi Ik<br /> Theo tinh thSn Hipp xidc 6-6-1884, Nam quyIn Hoftng d l nhitng phai hoi f kiln<br /> K^ \k xii thupe dia, vipe quan If dUpc thiie Khim sii vk phai dUdc Tokn quyIn Ddng<br /> hipn theo phiidng phap trUc trj, hai xiji eon DUdng thdng qua. Thoa Udc nky cdn cho<br /> lai (Bie K^ vk Trung K^) 1ft hai xii bao ho. sap nh&p ngan sach Nam trilu vko Ngdn<br /> Vi danh nghla, 5 hai xit bao h6 nky "nhd sach Trung K;^ eua ehfnh quyIn thu^c dia<br /> vua vdn cdn co quyen trong viic qudn tri vk quy dinh cac eu^c hop eua H$i dong<br /> ddt nUdc", bPn e ^ h ehfnh quyIn thi^e dan. ThUdng thu phai do Kham sii Trung K;^<br /> Tuy nhien, nftm 1925, khi vua Khai Dinh chii tri. Dilu dd cd ughia \k thUc dSn Phdp<br /> ehgt, Dong cung Thai tii VTnh Thyy ke vi da nim moi quyIn liic eiia Nam trilu ciing<br /> nhitng cdn nho, lai dang du hpc bgn Ph&p, nhu xda bo hodn todn chi dq bao ho dii Id<br /> <br /> <br /> • PGS.TS. Vi$n Sii hoc<br />  Rghi&i cihi Lieh siSr. stf 7.2011<br /> <br /> gia hidu vd thiic thi c h i do tnic tri tren dia thi quylt tam thay dii chinh saeh thude dia<br /> hat Trung Ky vd ca b Bie Kf Id xii tvi (cdn gpi Id ehiln liidc thupe dia) (3), trd lai<br /> 1897, sau khi bai chute Kinh lUdc cua Trilu vdi c h i dd bao hO, tao ra sii cdu kit chdt<br /> (finh Hul, tren thiie te da Id xii tnic trj gin che giiia hai the liic thiie dan vd phong<br /> giong vdi Nam K;^. Trilu dinh H u l thiic sii kiln ciia vidn todn quyin ndy cdng manh<br /> ehi cdn Id hii nhin do ehfnh quyIn thiic ddn me hdn.<br /> tra lUdng. Ndm 1929, Pidrre Pasquier b i t diu khdi<br /> T h i nhiing, vdi eon mdt eiia mpt ehfnh ddng vi§c "cdi cdch quan tntbn^ di phuc<br /> tri gia ldi ddi cd b l ddy "kinh nghiem" ciia hoat CO may hoen ri dd. Nghi dinh toan<br /> 30 ndm "nam vung" d Ddng DUdng c^ng vdi quyin 20-2-1929 nhic Ifd quyin eiia cdc<br /> vide "tham khdo" nhiing kinh nghidm ciia quan diu tinh Nam trilu trong vide quan<br /> La Ma trong vide cai tri bing chfnh sach ly ddt dai, dUdi sii kilm soat eiia Cdng sii.<br /> "bdo hp" ddi vdi chau Au trUde day (1), Pidrre Pasquier sii dung gidi "thitOng<br /> Pidrre Pasquier eho ring vide bai bd e h i do ittu tri thdc" di tuyen truyin eho chfnh<br /> bao ho Id khdng "on' ddi vdi "mpt ddn tpc co sdeh ciia nunh. Thdng 5 vd 6-1930, tren td<br /> truyin thdng qudn chi", diia tren nin tang France • Indochine, Ph^m Quynh cho ddng<br /> tu tudng Nho giao. Mpt s l nhan vdt trong lidn tuc ba bdi ludn thuylt vl ehi dp Qudn<br /> gidi thiic dan Ddng DUdng ciing eung quan chu Ldp hien d Vi$t Nam, thiic hidn trd lai<br /> dilm ndy. Doutre mdt ludt sU, phan doi Hidp Udc 1884. Trdn Nam Pfwng, Pham<br /> gay git chfnh sach dong hda, tidu dipt Qu^nh cung viit nhilu bdi yeu elu siia doi<br /> quyIn binh ciia vua quan ban xii, vi theo t h i che chfnh tri d Ddng DUdng, iing hd ehi<br /> dng ta: dp "bdo fid chat che" vk xdy diing chfnh thi<br /> "MuSh cai tri hiiu nghiim xd ndy phdi Qudn chii Ldp hiln dl"... tfiod thudn cdi tU<br /> ldm cho ddn chung co do tudng Id fig cdn co tudng quoc gia cua ngUdi Annam" (4). Nam<br /> mpt dug vua... Tdt cd nhiing gi do vua md Phong s l 154 (9-1930) ddng nguydn ca bdi<br /> ra se dUde chdp nh&n mpt each kinh cdn. diin thuylt eiia Pidrre Pasquier: LuScft;<br /> thudt tinh hinh Ddng DUOng vd tuyin bd<br /> Tdt cd nhiing gi do chung ta se chi ldm cho<br /> cdi cdch tfidcfiichinh tri, trong dd ed doan:<br /> ngUdi bdn xdphdi chiu diing mpt cdch ngd<br /> vUc... Co nhu the, mpt ngdy kia neu cdn "Phdi khdi phuc lgi quyin quan trUdng...<br /> phdi chi^n ddu cho ta, hg se chien ddu vi co khdi phuc lgi nin nip cua nUdc Nam. Nudc<br /> do tudng Id chi bdo vi 6ng vua ciia hg... Doi Nam dd cd cdi lich sUt qudn chu bdy Idu,<br /> vdi quan lgi cung vdy, chung ta phdi tdn nay kfidng tfii id nUdc khdng qudn chi<br /> trgng dii lgi dung hg vi fig Id dgi diin ciia dugc. Dti ddt vdi ngUdi Annam da cd tU t-<br /> nhd vua..." (2). Udng mdi, ngdi qude tnidng vdn pfidi Id mpt<br /> ddng dgc biit dindt doi phung thd qua: td,<br /> Theo tinh thin ndy, Pidrre Pasquier da<br /> tiiu biiu cho quoc hon vd doi vdi thdn ddn<br /> sdm chuin bi cho vi^c "phuc c&\ khdi phue<br /> nhu cfia me ddi vdi con cdi vdy" (5).<br /> trilu ^ n h phong kien vdi ea ngdi vua vd bd<br /> mdy quan lai Nam trilu da bi Thoa Udc Khi bilt Reynaud sip tdi Hd N$i, ngdy<br /> 1925 bai bo. Vd, khi Ddng DUdng rdi vdo 11-12-1931, Pham Qu^nh ndi ro ehu tnidng<br /> tinh trang khiing hoang sau rpng v l kinh ciia gidi tri thiic Bic K;^ Id se:<br /> t l ciing nhii khi cudc d&a tranh eiia nhdn "... khdng trinh bdy nhihig chi tiit md<br /> ddn Vidt Nam d i n trd thdnli mdt eao trdo niu nhiing thinh cdu diiu cdt yiu di nfidt<br /> Chuong Irtnh "cii ebdf chhih tri..<br /> <br /> Id xin cho nUdc Nam mdt cdi chinh ihi tdng thdng dUOc vi Pfidp khdng cho phep'<br /> phAn minh, ngo tidu ctto ngUdi Nam dugc vk nlu nhu ldp tong thong thi "Tong thdng<br /> c6 mdt cdi tdqudc dimd thd, khdng din nSi kfidng Imng vua vi Id vua thi tdp, ddi ddi fti<br /> phdi ldm mdt ngUdi ddn kfidng nUdc" (6). nghiip, coi vdn minh nUdc nhd Id vdn<br /> Thang 6-1932, trdn Nam Pfwng so 173, minh cda minh, vdn minh cda cd nhd, cd<br /> Pham Qu^nh cdn viit cu thi hdn vl v i ^ fig minh, ddi vdi ntidc vdn cd mpt cdi tinh<br /> "cdi cdch" chfnh tri theo thi chi Qudn chii nghia thiit tha thdm trdm hOn". Rli Pham<br /> ldp hiln vdi cdc dilm sau: Qu^nh da kfch ehii nghia ddn chii Id "quay<br /> cuong xudn ddn^. Id "ddi chu ng Idy chu<br /> "1. Xin vdi Bdo fid trao trd lgi quyin ndi<br /> kia"...<br /> tri cho qude vUdng tfieo ddng nguyin tdc<br /> trong diiu Udc Pfidp - Nam ndm Kiin Phuc Thi roi cudc "cdi cdch", dUde khdi ddng<br /> nguyin nUn 6-6-1884, nghia id xin thi ttt thdng 9-1930, ehinh thiie bit dIu vd Bao<br /> fiAnh dUng chinh sdeh "bdo hd" md bo fian Dai trd thdnh eon bdi trong tay ehfnh phu<br /> chinh sach trUc tri nhU td trUdc din nay. thude dia trong "ChUdng trinh cdi cdch" ly.<br /> Gin nhu mpi "cdi cdch" ciia Pidrre<br /> 2. Xin vdi qu6c vUOng ban fidnh mdt dgo<br /> Pasquier diu thdng qua vi vua bii nhin ndy<br /> hiin pfidp cho qudi: ddn nghia id dinh cdi vd dng ta diing chi Id tay sai eiia ngUdi<br /> chuong trinh cdi cdch chinh tri trong gidi Phdp trong vide ddn dp phong trdo ddn tdc<br /> fign diiu Udc Bdo hp. Bdo hd trd cdi quyin vd khie phuc khung hoang.<br /> fign cho Qude vUOng, Qude vUOng nhUdng<br /> Ngdy 16-8-1932, Bao D^i Idn dudng vl<br /> mdt phdn quyin dd cho quoc ddn md dgt ra<br /> nude. Ngdy 10-9-1932, Bao Dai ra D^o du<br /> mgt bin id ndi cdc trdch nhiim, mdt bin cd<br /> so 1 tuydn bl chip chfnh, hiiy bo ban Thda<br /> nghi viin gidm sdt.<br /> Udc 6-11-1925, khing djnh quyin liic eua<br /> Cdi cdch nhu vdy bdo todn dUOc quyin nhd vua vd trilu cfinh nhd Nguyin, ding<br /> lgi ciia Bdo fid, qudi: vUOng, qude ddn trin thdi tuyen bo eai each trilu chfnh trdn mpi<br /> cd 3 phUdng diin: Vi tinh thdn: nUdc Nam m$t: quan tnidng, hdnh ehfnh, phap ludt,<br /> vdn id nUdc Nam. Vixd fipi: nUdc Vi^t Nam gido dijc... Dil dn vl Chfnh phu Nam trilu<br /> id nudc gia tnidng, qudn chd chuyin chi, mdi, tiie Cd m^t vi§n da dUpc Khdm sit<br /> nay ddi sang Qudn chu lap hiin. duy tri Trung K^ dUa ra vdo thdng 10-1932 vd<br /> nguyin tdc ldp qude vd trdt tU xd fidi, qudn dUdc Bao Dai phd chuIn vdo thang 1-1933.<br /> ddn cdng tri ldm cho ddn dUOc tham gia Theo dd, Hodng dl dUpc eoi Id ngUdi hpp<br /> vdo viic nUdc, xd fipi diiu hod. Vi chinh tri: phdp duy nhdt dai difn cho dd't nUdc, vdi<br /> cd hiin pfuip pfidn minh se co chd di su! chi mdt dilu kidn Id chip nhdn si^ kilm<br /> dung nhdn tdi" sodt ciia d?d di§n eiia Phdp vd thay eho vai<br /> Thdng 8-1932, trdn Nam Phong s l 175, trd "tri vi" tnide ddy, nay nhd vua dUdc<br /> Pham i^ufnh cdn diia ra ca m^t ding 1^ si^ khodc eho mpt vai trd mang tfnh chit mi<br /> dl bdnh vi^c "chu nghla tdn qudn" ciia ddn Id "dUu khiin ddt nUdc". Cdn d Bic K^,<br /> trudc Hdi ding Ddn bilu Bic K^ 9-11-1932,<br /> ndnh, ndo Id do "qude ddn ta trinh dp thdp<br /> Thing sii Bic K;^ Pages trinh bdy ehUdng<br /> nin nudc ta vdn cdn tdi qUdn chd"...; ring<br /> trinh "cdt cdch chinh tri dBac Ky", trong dd<br /> "Cuong thudng id dgo ddc ludn ly ngdn ddi<br /> khing dinh "cdi cdch" Id ldp lai ehi dd bao<br /> ciia ddn tdc, khdng thi bo dUOc, bo thi xd<br /> hO ch?it ehe d ddy:<br /> hdi tan rd"...; nhiing ciing "khdng thi ldp<br />  Sghito clhi Ljeh sJr. stf 7.2011<br /> <br /> 'Yi chinh thi 6do fid, tdi cdng nhiin trilu dinh H u l vd bd may quan lai Nam<br /> tuyin bd chinh Id cdi quan niim rdt thiit trilu, von chi quen vdi vai trd bii nhin vd<br /> tha cda tdi di md chd tri viic giao Uf cua dp bfle, bde lot nhdn ddn, nay dudng nhU<br /> nitdc Pfidp vdi ntidn ddn Bde Ky vdy. Cdi khdng cdn dii sinh liie vd uy liic de giiip<br /> chinh thi dy vdn Id cua La Md di truyin chfnh quyin thiic dan trong v i ^ cai trj vd<br /> cho nUdc Pfidp khi xUa, Id gom co sU khoan khai thdc thude dja nfla. Vi dilu dd, ciing<br /> dung sii bdo tdn cdi tuc 1$ vd sU thUc hdnh vdi vide "cdi cdch" v l chfnh trj d trdn,<br /> mot chinh sach cd ldi cho cd ddi bin" (7). Pidrre Pasquier da thiie dly nhanh vipc<br /> Vd nhu vdy, cho din khi Bao Dai v l "cdi t^' bd mdy chfnh quyin theo hUdng kit<br /> nUde, vife "cdi cdch" vl t h i c h i chfnh tri hdp gifla cung cl' bd mdy chfnh quyIn ciia<br /> eiia Pidrre Pasquier da edn ban hodn chfnh quyIn thiic ddn vdi vide "phuc hoat"<br /> thdnh. Chi dp tnic tri nvta ehtCng trUde ddy bd may quan lai ban xfl d l ldm cho ca bd<br /> da dUde thay t h i bing chi dd "bdo hd", mdy ehfnh quyin thiie ddn phong kiln<br /> nham "dUng ngUdi Viit tri ngi/di Viif di dd Vidt Nam dii "manh", du "ran", du "khC^<br /> eho Phdp phai ddi dIu tnic didn vdi phong ngoan" di ching phd phong trdo cdch<br /> trdo ddu tranh eiia nhdn dan Vi^t Nam, mang, In djnh trdt tii xa hdi thude dja,<br /> eung tranh dUdc mde cam bi "mdt niidc", giup Phdp thodt ra khdi khiing hoang.<br /> "kfidng cd vua" vk thda man "cdn khat ddc Vide "cdi t&' bd mdy dUde b i t diu ngay<br /> lap" ciia gidi "dg,i thiidng liiu - tri thdc" ban tfl diu 1930, tfle Id trudc khi "ChUdng trinh<br /> xii liic bdy gid. cdi cdch" ciia Pidrre Pasquier chfnh thfle<br /> 2. "Cdi cdch" b$ may ehinh q u y i n dfldc chfnh quIc chip thudn.<br /> a. B$ mdy h a n h chinh D& vdi bd mdy hdnh chfnh ciia Phdp d<br /> Sau chid'n tranh t h i gidi Iln I, dl phue thu^c dja thi vide eiing eo, to chflc lai gin<br /> VU cudc d ^ khai thdc thude dia lin thii hai, nhu da dfldc hoan td't d giai doan trUdc ndn<br /> ehfnh phii Phdp da tiln hdnh ciing c l mdt Iln ndy vi$c "cdi cdch" chi Id tilp tuc kidn<br /> lin niia bp mdy chfnh quyin thu^c dja, nhU todn t l chflc hay siia doi mdt chiit v l chfle<br /> da dUde trinh bdy trong cuIn Lich svC Viit ndng, nhiem vu ciia cdc bd phdn ciia nd cho<br /> Nam Tdp VIII 1919-1930 (8). Tuy nhidn, phu hdp vdi hodn canh mdi. Dl thfle hidn<br /> khi cd nhflng "biin cd* diin ra tfl cuH vide ndy, ngdy 13-1-1930, Pidrre Pasquier<br /> nhiing ndm 20 diu nhflng ndm 30 t h i ky ra nghj djnh ldp mdt "Uy ban nghiin ciJdi<br /> XX d Vidt Nani, b§ mdy ehfnh quyin, dUdc cdi cdch cdc phUdng pfidp diiu khiin trong<br /> cung c l theo tU tudng ciia hdi Tam Dilm cae cd quan fidnh chinh cdp liin bang di<br /> Phdp vd vdn hdnh trong hodn eanh tUdng hiin dai hod vd sit dung nhdn sU sao cho cd<br /> dli "hba binh" vk n h i t Id trong m^t c h i d^ ndng sudt cao nhdt" vdi mdt ehii tjch Id<br /> gin nhu tn^c tri ding nhdt tren ca ba xii Ting thu k^ Phii Todn quyin vd ede thdnh<br /> cua Vidt Nam da bj eoi Id khdng miy cdn vidn Id Gidm die Tdi chfnh, Tong thanh tra<br /> "phd hop" nfla. Bdi vi, trong khi bd mdy Cdng chfnh, Tong thanh tra Cdng nghidp<br /> ddn dp vd tU phdp ciia chfnh quyin thude vd Md, Gidm die Nhdn sfl (9). Trong nhflng<br /> dja khdng dii siie gidng ra trdn m$t Idnh thdng diu 1930, Pidrre Pasquier ra m^t<br /> tho r^ng Idn ciia ca ba 1^ dl kilm sodt, losit nghj djnh quy djnh lai chflc ndng,<br /> gidm sat vd phan flng nhanh tnide phong quyin han ciia Nha kinh t l thu§c Phu<br /> trdo ddu tranh ciia nhdn ddn Vi$t Nam thi Todn quyin (14-2-1930) cung nhfl ciia<br /> Chuong Mnh "cii cAch" chfnh M.<br /> <br /> Gidm diic Tdi cWnh Ddng Dfldng (20-3- Nam Ky, theo dl nghj eiia Todn quyin<br /> 1930)... Ddng Dfldng, ngay 19-8-1930, Tong thing<br /> Mue dfch chfnh cua vi$e "cdi cdch" bd Phdp ra Sle l$nh t l chflc Hdi dong k^ muc<br /> mdy chfnh quyin ciia Pidrre Pasquier Iln hdng linh d xfl ndy (13). Cung nhfl vdy,<br /> ndy Id tdp trung "viic day" bd mdy quan lai Nghj djnh ngdy 21-11-1930, sfla doi mdt so<br /> ngfldi Vidt vd chinh phii Nam trilu. dilu khoan cua Nghj djnh ngdy 19-3-1913<br /> lien quan din Hdi ding k^ muc hang tinh d<br /> 6 Bic K^, ngdy 7-4-1930, Thing sfl<br /> Bie K^ (14).<br /> Robin ra nghj djnh thi hdnh Nghj djnh<br /> Todn quyin ngdy 3-3-1930 dl chd'n ehinh Sau chuyin tiu sat Ddng Dfldng ciia<br /> lai Vi$n Ddn bilu Bic K;^ (10), vdi ndi dung Paul Rejmaud, vide "cdi cdch cfiidd quan<br /> Id tdng thdm quyin h§ui cho Thing sfl ddi trudng" dflde thiic dly manh me, theo<br /> vdi ed quan ddn bilu ndy vd tdng them s l phUdng cham "cdy gdy vd cu. cd rdC (15),<br /> thdnh vidn ngfldi Vidt trong cd ciu eiia nd. tfle Id vfla de doa, quy trdch nhidm vfla ban<br /> Theo dd, ben eanh so dai bilu dfldc biu ra, phdt mdt vdi quyIn ldi vdt chit vd tinh<br /> cdn cfl dl nghj eiia Cdng sfl vd Doe ly cdc thin.<br /> tinh, Thong sfl cd quyin chi djnh them mdt VI "cdy gdy thi nhfl dd bilt, ehfnh phii<br /> so thdnh vidn bing 1/4 tong s l nghj vien Phdp khdng muon cho ldp ra mdt Uy ban<br /> trong Vidn; nliidm 1^ ciia Vien tfl 3 ndm diiu tra thude dia ciia Nghj vidn Phdp<br /> tdng Idn 4 ndm; sdp nhdp hai vi$n ddn bilu nhiing lai eho l^p ra mdt phdi dodn ddc bidt<br /> Tdy - Nam "di cho cdc nghi viin Nam co do Morche (Chii tjch Tda thfldng thim Hd<br /> dip hgc hoi cdc nghi viin Tdy" Ndi dflng diu) vd thdnh vidn Id nhflng vien<br /> Dl khdi phiic quyin Ixfc vk "danh gid" chflc cao d p Phdp - Vift, ching c^ng quylt<br /> cho bO mdy quan lai Nam trilu. Thing sfl Udt nhfl: Perrout (dai di^n Dai hdi ding<br /> Bic Kj^ ra Nghj djnh ngdy 3-7-1930 (11), Kinh t l vd Tdi ehfnh); Thiiu tfldng Bonnet;<br /> siia dli Nghj djnh ngdy 25-6-1922 vl quy Tdn Thd't Hdn (cflu Ting ddc); Dupuy,<br /> ehi tuyln dung quan lai d p tong ly. Theo (Thanh tra cdc cd quan chhih trj); Dioque,<br /> nghj djnh ngdy 25-6-1922, Tong ly Id do (kilm soat vidn cde ed quan Canh sdt vd An<br /> ddn biu, nay dflpc sfla lai Id do chfnh phii ninh). Uy ban ndy dfldc thdnh ldp vdi muc<br /> Nam trilu bo dicing, hinh thfle biu ehi Id dfch Id vfla dl tim ra "thu pham", tfle<br /> nhflng ngfldi cdng san vfla dl dilu tra dli<br /> ngoai Id. Thdm nfla, cdc ting 1;^ ndy ldm<br /> vdi chfnh cde quan lai Nam trilu, tfl Ting<br /> vifc trong m^t thdi han nhd't djnh md<br /> die trd xuong, de xdt xem hdng ngu ndy ed<br /> khdng bj chd trdch se dflpc thdng thfldng<br /> bilt tdi "thiic ti cdng sdn" hay khdng, cd<br /> phim hdm.<br /> hodn thdnh trdch nhidm trong Iflc "'rdi<br /> Cdc Hdi ding K;^ mue hdng tinh (Conseil loan" khdng, ed kilm tra ddn die cdc thude<br /> provincial des Notables indigdnes) trdn h^L vk cd gifl mil Udn h$ vdi Cdng sfl hay<br /> phfim vi ca ba 1^ eiing dflpc thdnh ldp lai khdng...<br /> vd t l chflc 1^. Ngdy 1-8-1930, Todn quyin<br /> Ddng Dfldng phe chuin nghj djnh cua VI "ci cd rdf, Phii todn quyin tim cdch<br /> Khdm sfl Trung K^ t l chfle d moi tinh phue hoi vd ldm tdng quyin Iflc eho cdc<br /> Trung K^ m$t H^i ding k^ m^c ban xfl (trfl quan chfle ngfldi Vi$t vd bd mdy ehfnh<br /> Ding Nai thfl^ig vd Kontum, theo chi dO quyin tfl linh tdi cdc ldng xa vd ban phdt<br /> ddnh ridng cho cdc tinh eao nguyen) (12). d them quyin ldi vdt chit eho ddi ngu ndy.<br />  Rghi&n cihi Lich siSr. stf 7.2011<br /> <br /> 6 d p xfl, ngay tfl 1929, di md rdng ta thfldng ngoai h ^ g 2.100 ding), thfl k^<br /> quyin hdnh chfnh trj eho cdc Tong doc, (14 bde, tfl thfl ky tdp sfl 300 ding tdi thfl<br /> Tuin phii. Thing sfl Bic K;^ cho phdp: "cdc k^ thfldng ngoai hang 1.540 ding), tfly phdi<br /> quan fidnh chinh cd quyin dUOc phi vdo ly 9 bde, tfl tfly phdi tdp sfl 180 ding tdi<br /> lich vd xet dodn thdi dp da cdc viin chdc chanh tfly phdi hang n h i t 492 ding...).<br /> cdc sd ldm viic trong hdng iinh" (16). K l hoach tdng Ifldng gdp khd khdn do<br /> Thdng 10-1930, Thing sfl Bie K;^ quylt ngdn sdeh bj thdm hut, song dd da Id "ci cd<br /> djnh tdng Ifldng cho vidn chflc cdng sd vd rdt" dH vdi gidi chflc ban xfl roi.<br /> tdng Ifldng cho Ifnh kho xanh "do cd cdng<br /> Dli vdi Trung K;^, ngay diu ndm 1930,<br /> vdi nfid niidc trong vu biin ddng vda roi"<br /> Pidrre Pasquier phe chuin Nghj djnh eiia<br /> (tfle Id ddn dp phong trdo each mang<br /> Khdm sfl Trung K^ (21) ldp ra d moi tinh<br /> TTT', moi ndm tin ngdt 8 van dong cua<br /> (trfl Ding Nai thfldng vd Kontum) mdt Hpi<br /> ngdn sdeh (17)... Cflng luc. Thing sfl Bic<br /> dong ly djch ban xfl hdng tinh. Pierre<br /> K;^ cung dfla ra Id trinh tdng Ifldng cho cde<br /> Pasquier cung cho phdp Le Fol dfla ra dfl<br /> chflc quan trong bd mdy ehfnh phii Nam<br /> an v l chfnh phu Nam trilu mdi (tfle Cd mdt<br /> trilu, vdi khoan tiln ting cdng 40 van dong<br /> vi$n). Vd nhfl da bilt, ngay khi vua Bao<br /> dfldc trich tfl ngdn sdeh d p xfl. K l hoach Id<br /> Dai vl nflde, dfl dn ndy da dfldc thdng qua,<br /> tfl 1932, se bdt diu tdng eho ngach dfldi, roi<br /> vife "cdi td' bd mdy ehfnh phu Nam trilu,<br /> sau se tdng eho cdc bde quan phii huydn,<br /> nhd tay vj tdn hodng d l ndy dfldc dly Idn<br /> sau din Ting die, Tuin phii.<br /> mdt bflde vd nhanh chdng dflde hodn ehinh<br /> Thdng 1-1932 (18), Todn quyin ra nghj trong cae ndm 1932-1933. Mdt loat dao du<br /> djnh bl sung Nghj djnh ngdy 20-9-1929 vl da dfldc ban hdnh d l trien khai vide "cdi td'<br /> vide tdng Ifldng eho nha lai tfl ngdy 1-1- do.<br /> 1931. Theo dly, thdng phdn tfl h^ng nhit<br /> tdi hang 3 dflde tdng Iln Iflpt: 120%, 125% Ngdy 25-11-1932, vua Bao Dai ra du ldp<br /> vd 130% vd thfla phdi tfl hang nhit din Ngfl Ty vdn phdng, giup vide eho vua, gom<br /> hang ndm dflde tdng trong khoang tfl 130% eac ty, cde phdng vd ngfldi dflng diu Id: Ty<br /> din 140%. Ching han: thdng phdn hang djeh sdeh (Trln Dflc Cdp); Ty Khao duy^t<br /> nhit dflde tdng tfl 840 dong len 1.080 ding, (Hu^nh Yen); Phdng Bf thfl GSIguyin Khoa<br /> thfla phdi hang nhit tfl 480 ding Idn 638 Phong); Ty Giao thidp vd K l todn (Nguyin<br /> ding... Thdng 4-1932 (19), Hdrre Pasquier Dd); Ty Cin tfn (Hodng Trung Dd). Ngdy 2-<br /> ra nghj djnh gia them mdt ngach Ifldng mdi 3-1933, Bao Dai ra du 29, eai to bd may diu<br /> ngach Thdng phdn thfldng hang eho nha nao Nam trieu, thay doi mpt cdch cd ban<br /> lai Nam trilu. Theo dly, thdng phdn ngoai nhdn sfl vd to chflc eua bd mdy dd. Theo<br /> hang: 1.440 dong; hang nhd't: 1.320 dong; dly, chflc Vidn trfldng Cd mdt vipn bj bai<br /> h ^ g nhi: 1.200 ding. Cde loai thdng phdn bd vd rut xuong ehi edn 5 bd vdi cde thfldng<br /> vd thfla phdi khac vin gifl nguydn nhfl quy thfl diu cd tdn trong danh sdeh cac "thUpng<br /> djnh cua Nghi djnh ngdy 1-1-1931. Thdng luu tri thdc" ban xfl: Thai Vdn Toan, Hidp<br /> 11T1932 (20), Pidrre Pasquier ban hdnh ta dai hpc, Thfldng thfl Bd Cdng tae. My<br /> nghj djnh khde djnh lai Ifldng cho cde vidn thudt vd Li nghi; Pham Qu^nh, chu bdo<br /> chflc "Annam" tdng axf t ^ cde cdng sd Ddng Nam phong, Thfldng thfl Bd Gido due, kidm<br /> Phdp, vdi 34 hang vien chflc, gom tham td ngfl tiln vdn phdng Ting 1^ dai thin; Ho<br /> (9 bde, tfl tham td tdp sfl 600 ding tdi tham Die Khai, Ting die Binh Djnh, Thflpng thfl<br />  [ hteh "cii cAch" chfnh hi.,<br /> <br /> B§ Tdi chfnh, ciiu t l xd h^i; Ngd Dinh sfl xdt duydt; 1/5 tfl nhflng ngfldi do tu tdi.<br /> Dif m, Tuin phii Binh Thudn, Thfldng thfl Nhfl vdy, Khdm sfl Trung K^ Id ngfldi<br /> Bd Tfl phdp. Nhidm k^ eiia thfldng thfl Id 3 quylt djnh "quan viin quy trinh", tfl dl ra<br /> pdm. tieu chuin, xdt duydt, bl nhidm tfl d p cao<br /> Liln ngay, cflng dao du 29, Bao Dai eho nhd't la Thfldng thfl tdi d p thip nhit Id<br /> thdnh ldp Hpi ddng cdi cdch (commission Tdng Cflu phim, nghia Id vin gifl nguydn<br /> de rdformes) eung vdi thdnh phin Id nhflng tinh thin Thoa flde ngdy 6-11-1925 md vua<br /> vj thfldng thfl trdn do Ngd Dinh Di^m ldm Bao Dai tuydn bo bai bd vdo ngdy 10-9-<br /> ehii tjch, dflpc ddt dfldi sfl ehii toa ciia 1932. Hdn nfla, nhflng ngfldi cd Han hpc<br /> Khdm sfl Trung K;^. Cde ed quan dai bifn vin dfldc trpng dung.<br /> eua Phdp dflde ddt bdn eanh cde bd eua Ngdy 3-7-1933, vua Bao Dai ra Dao du<br /> Nam trilu theo Thda flde ngdy 6-11-1925 45 "cdi td' Vidn Dan bieu Trung K^ (22)<br /> dd bj Dao du ndy tuydn bibai bo nhflng lai (vin Id Vidn nhan dan dai bilu Trung K;^<br /> thay bing cdc "cd vdn ky thudt" do Khdm do toan quyin Varenne doi ten vdo 1926)<br /> sfl chi dinh dl "giup diiu hdnh bd mdy dl cho kjp vdi vide "cdt td' Vidn Dan bilu<br /> chinh quyin Nam triiu". Bic K;^, vdi ly do la:<br /> Ngdy 26-5 vd 17-6-1933, Hdi dong Cd "Trdm nhdm nhiing chdc vu giao cfio<br /> mdt vd Hdi ding eai cdch hpp cdc phidn diu Viin ddn biiu cdn phdi md rdng tfiim vd sU<br /> tidn dfldi sfl chu tpa eua Khdm sfl dinh tu cdch ngUdi bdu ci nghi viin cing<br /> Thibeaudau, vdi sfl tham dfl cua Pham nin ddi lai, di cho ddn ta cdng ngdy cdng<br /> Qu^nh. Ndi dung ciia cae phidn hpp ndy Id tham du vdo viec chung cfio trinh dp tiin<br /> bdn vl dfl dn cai cdch vd chuin bj hdng loat hod mdi ngdy cdng phdt triin tfiim"...<br /> vdn ban dl thfle hi$n "eai cdch" vd "chdn Vdy ndn, mde du vin khdng dflde lam<br /> chinh" hoat ddng eua bd mdy ehfnh phii bdn nhflng vlii d l chfnh trj nhfl trflde ddy,<br /> Nam trilu. nhflng nay ed quan ndy da dfldc cfl hai dai<br /> Tilp tue "cdi cdch", ngdy 3-7-1933, vua bieu tham gia Dai hdi dong Kinh t l vd Tdi<br /> Bao Dai ra Dao du so 44 ban hdnh "Quan chfnh Ddng Dfldng vd thdnh phin cfl tri di<br /> viin quy trinh" quy djnh vl h§ thing chfle biu eung dfldc md rdng hdn, tdi ea nhflng<br /> danh, phim hdm, nhiing quy cdch b l dung hang thfldng dan, theo ty 1$ "... cd mdi 50<br /> quan lai Nam trilu d Trung K^, tfl d p tinh dinh hay phdn le qud 20 dinh Id dUdc bdu<br /> trd xulng. Theo dly, quan lai tfl tinh trd mpt ngUdi ldm uy viin" eflng Id hang tri<br /> thfle, ea cflu hpe vd tdn hpe: tiln si, phd<br /> xuing dfldc sip xIp lai theo cde d p phii,<br /> bang, cfl nhan, eong sinh, tu tdi vd nhflng<br /> huy§n, dao, chdu. Mdt khde, dl khdi phue<br /> hpc sinh cua cdc trfldng Phap vd Phdp<br /> "danh gid" eho quan lai, theo Dao du 44,<br /> Vidt, tfl sd hpe din cao ding tilu hpc, trung<br /> flng vdi moi chflc quan se Id mdt phim<br /> hpc vd dai hpe, dii 21 tuli.<br /> hdm, ngflpe lai, iing vdi moi phim hdm Id<br /> mOt chflc quan. Vi§e tuyln ehpn quan lai se Tilp theo, ngdy 4-7-1933, vua Bao D^i<br /> diin ra diu d$n hdng ndm, theo ty 1^: 2/5 cdn ra Dao du 48 djnh thi 1$, chfldng trinh<br /> tfl sihpc sinh ti't nghidp QuIc tii gidm; 2/5 thi vdo ngach quan cho hai xfl Tnmg vd<br /> tfl sihpe sinh ti't nghidp Cao ding tilu hpe Bie K;^. Vide thi dflde Nam trilu to chflc<br /> Phdp - Vidt qua k^ thi tuyln chfl Hdn theo hdng ndm d Hd Ndi vd Hul dl chpn quan<br /> chfldng trinh do Bp Lai d'n djnh vd Khdm phu, huy^n d Bie vd thude quan d Trung<br /> 10 Rghi6n cihi Lieh siSr. s l 7.2011<br /> <br /> K^ nhflng s l Ifldng vd danh sach thf sinh Bie Ky sau Thda flde 1925 (tfle ty ban tfl<br /> diu do ngudi dflng diu cde xfl xdt duydt, vlh Bic K;^ nay doi thdnh Hdi ding tfl vlh<br /> chanh chu khao vide thi Id do Todn quyin Bie K^) gom 6 uy vidn mang hdm thfldng<br /> ehi djnh. Dilu ddng chu y Id "thi sinh se thfl (khi vdo H u l dflde tham gia Hdi ding<br /> dUdc chgn d bgn thUdng liiu mdi... Id bgn thfldng thfl), trong dd 2 uy vidn phai Id<br /> thieu niin dd nhd dUdc niidc Phdp md rdng quan lai cao d p , dang tai chflc, 4 uy vidn<br /> da cdc hgc dUdng cho", cu thi Id nhiing dflde lfla ehpn trong hang quan lai tai chflc<br /> ngfldi cd bang tiln si, cfl nhdn, eao ding sfl hode dd nghi hflu, hodc "cdc ban danh gid<br /> pham Phdp, nhflng ngfldi cd bdng tu tdi, trong gidi ndng, cdng, thiidng tri thic" Cac<br /> thdnh chung dfldc 4 ndm, ede vidn chflc uy vidn ed nhidm k^ 2 ndm do Thong sfl<br /> cdng sd da lam vide tfl 4 ndm trd len, cd Bde K^ de cfl vd Nam trilu bo nhidm. Cd<br /> "hg,nh kiim tdt". Bai thi bang tiing Phdp ve quan ndy cd nhidm vu "bdy to y kiin vi viic<br /> Ijeh sfl vdn hda A Ddng (Trung QuIc, An cai tri bdn xi md Tfidng si yiu cdu". Thfle<br /> Dp), ludn vl vdn minh Thdi Tdy vd mdt bdi chd't, Hpi dong tfl vdn Bie K;^ Id cdng cu<br /> diin thuyet ve mdt vd'n d l chfnh cua Ddng eho Thong sfl Bae K^ thiic thi chflc ndng<br /> Dfldng. Theo Andrd Dumarest thi "Muc Kinh Iflde, bj bai bd tfl 1897 vd dfldc ldp lai<br /> dich "cdi cdch" dot vdi viic tuyin chon quan vdo ndm 1925.<br /> lai ndy Id nham cdch tdn ddn ddn dpi ngu De ho trd eho vide "phuc cd', "phuc hoaf<br /> quan lai di biin ho thdnh mpt giai cdp tU ca bd may quan lai cu rich ndy, tdng thdm<br /> sdn tri thdc xiifng ddng trin mgi mat vdi vai 'oai quyin" vk sdn phit lai "mdu md" eho<br /> trb lanh dao da no" (23). Thfle ra, ehfnh chung, Pidrre Pasquier cflng nhflng<br /> quyin thude dia muon Id'y long gidi "thUOng "thUdng liiu tri thic bdn xH' ehu trfldng<br /> litu tri thdc" Tdy hpe, dang chip chdi gifla khdi phue lai Nho gido, von tfl lau nay da<br /> he thd'ng eu, tfle hd thong quan lai Nam bj tay hpc Id'n at, bj nhan dan chan ghdt.<br /> trilu vd hd thong hdnh chfnh mdi, tfle bd Bdi muon ed dflde e h i dd "bdo hd chdt che"<br /> may hdnh chfnh thfle ddn, ldi kdo hp ra ein phai cd sfl "tdn trgng nghiim khdc" doi<br /> khoi anh hfldng cua ea "chu nghia quoc gia vdi quan lai, mdt sfl phue tflng vd dilu kidn<br /> kich phdt" eung nhfl eiia ehu nghia epng eua nhdn ddn, theo tfl tfldng "trung qudn",<br /> san. edn quan lai thi phai thim nhuIn tinh<br /> O Bic K;^, tilp tuc nhflng "cdi cdch" ban thin Id "cdng bpc da ddn, eha me ddn"...<br /> diu eiia Thong sfl Rend Robin, ngdy 8-11- ea hai gin vdi nhau theo nhflng quy Id ngdt<br /> 1933, Toan quyin Ddng Dfldng ra nghj nghdo eiia Nho gido. Nho gido, vi vdy da<br /> djnh chuin y Dao du ciia vua Bao Dai v l dflde "Cdch mang" hod vd trd thdnh mdt<br /> chi dp ehfnh trj d Bie K^ vd thdnh ldp Hdi cdng cu dan dp die liic dli vdi cdch mang<br /> ding CO v&n BIC K;^. Dao du nhie lai vide trong tay ehfnh quyin thfle ddn. Cung nhfl<br /> bai bd Thda Udc ngdy 6-11-1925, tdi thfla vdy, Phdt giao tiep tuc dfldc "chdn hiing".<br /> nhdn "quyin liic" cua hodng d l Annam ddi Ben eanh dd, nhilu ''di cdch" khac vl vdn<br /> vdi Bie K;^ vd thfla nhdn cho Thong sfl hda xa hdi eflng dfldc tiln hdnh dl trd<br /> dfldc kidm gifl chflc Kinh Ifldc Bic K;^ dl giup eho vide "cdi cdch" v l ehfnh trj vd cung<br /> "Thdng sd cd thi thi hdnh chic trdch" - mdt c l bd mdy cai trj thude dja, nhfl Hdi nghi<br /> vj tri quan trpng, trflde ddy Id do mdt dai nfidn viin ban Idnh dao Ddng Cdng sdn<br /> thin Nam trilu dam nhidm. Dao du ciing Ddng Duong d hdi ngoai vd cdc ddng bp d<br /> thfla nhdn to chfle tfl vd'n dfldc thdnh ldp d trong nUdc thang 6-1934 cdn vsieh rd:<br /> Chuong frtnh "cii c^eh" ehfnh tri... 11<br /> <br /> "Bgn di qude cfio pfiep bgn phong kiin, quyin; mdt chi dp bao hd "chdt efts', vdi ca<br /> dia chi, iU bdn vd tri thic tii sdn chon mpt trilu (finh H u l dflde ldp lai d Trung K;^;<br /> dai biiu (d Nam Ky) vdo "Hdi dong thupe mdt chi dd bao hd vl danh nghia, vdi chflc<br /> dia tdi cao" d Paris. Ching cho tdng con sd Kinh lflpc do Thing sfl kidm tfnh dfldc<br /> cdc ddi biiu bdn xi trong cdc cO quan ddi "khar^ dinh" d Bie K^ vd ea hd thing chflc<br /> diin dia phUOng (Hdi ddng thupe dia, Bg.i djch, quan lai "bdn xif dflde chfl y "kich<br /> fidi dong kinh tdi Ddng Duong, Viin thUOng fiog,C trdn ca ba 1^.<br /> mai vd canh ndng), cho nhdp quoc tich Cdng vide ''cdi cdch" vi chfnh trj vd "cdi<br /> Phdp, cdi td triiu dinh An Nam vd Viin cdch" bd may chfnh quyin theo eac hfldng<br /> ddn biiu, cfio pfiep tri thdc ldp trin trung "chia di tri', "dung ngUdi Viit tri ngiidi<br /> thdnh vdi di qud'c Phdp gid nhiiCng chdc vu Viet" ndy cua Pidrre Pasquier da td ra "hiiu<br /> quan lai cao cdp... O thdn qui, ching ldp nghiim" ngay tfle thi, nhd't Id trong vide<br /> cdc td chic phdn cdch mang, vi du nhU ddn dp phong trdo dd'u tranh each mang<br /> "Hdi bdo fid tU hdu", tdng cdc dpi ddn dodn 1930-1931 eua nhan dan ta ndi ehung,<br /> (liin dodn ndng ddn), ci cdc tdng dodn, phong trdo Xd viet Nghd - "Hnh ndi ridng.<br /> huyin dodn, xd dodn... fibng mua chudc bgn Ddy Id mdt doan mieu ta sfl edu kit<br /> dia chi phi ndng. gifla bd mdy dan dp cua thfle ddn Phdp vdi<br /> Bgn diqudc dd ddt cO quan gido due vdo sfl trp giup cua bd mdy quan lai Nam trilu<br /> tay triiu dinh An Nam, xda bo trp cdp ddt trong vipc "dep" phong trdo epng san,<br /> vdi cdc trUdng hgc d thdn qui, ddt trUdng trong cdng trinh cua mdt tae gia ngfldi<br /> hoc dudi quyin bgn hdo n\uc, ldp cdc trUdng Phap (25):<br /> Phdt gido d Cao Mien,... vdi muc dich gido "Viic cdi cdch Viin Co mdt dd thdnh<br /> due con em nhiing ngUdi nd li thdnh nhiing cdng trong viic thic ddy cdc thdnh viin da<br /> ngiidi bi li thude hodn todn vdo giai cdp nd tiin lin trong vu ndi log,n dNgfii Tinh.<br /> thdng tri vd boc Ipt. Mpt hinh thic fiOp tdc xudt hiin trong<br /> Todn bd chinh sdeh cdi cdch chi Id mpt viic ddn dp cupc ndi loan ndy. Tay trong<br /> phdn da chinh sdeh thupe dia chung da tay, cdc thdnh viin da chinh phu Nam<br /> diqudc Phdp, nhdm thdng nfidt tdt cd cdc triiu vd cdc tfianh sdt viin da Cue chinh<br /> phdn ti boc Ipt bdn xi vd duy tri tdt cd tdn tri (Service des Affaires politiques) cimg tdi<br /> du phong kiin di ldm cho nhdn ddn mi cdc tinh rdt loan vdi ddy du quyin lUc di<br /> mudi. Bgn di qudi: chdng lai cuge ddu thiit lap lai trdt tU vd xem xet viic dUa<br /> tranh cdch mang digii ving chi dp boc lot tfiim qudn dpi vdo.<br /> vd dp bic da ching dDdngDUOng" (24). Trong mpt dip kfidc, Khdm si Trung Ky<br /> Nhfl vdy, din ndm 1933, vide thay dd'i vd Bd tnidng tU pfidp Nam triiu (ThUOng<br /> chiln lflpc thude dja vd dfldng ldi 'cdi td' bd thu bp Hinh) tdi hiin tnidng di gidi quyit<br /> mdy ehfnh quyin thude dja ciia Pidrre nhiing vdn di do nhing ngUdi cpng sdn ddt<br /> Pasquier dfldc eoi nhfl da "hodn tdt" vl ed ra. Hg triiu tap cdc quan chic lgi vd noi<br /> ban: Thda flde ngdy 6-11-1925 dfldc tuydn bdng gigng cUOng quyit vd Khdm si dd dat<br /> b l bdi bo; Nam K^ dflpc dfl djnh xdy dflng dupc viic Id mpt sd quan chic cbn bdo<br /> thdnh mpt xd h$i dan B\$ dv(a trdn sfl "md hodng fidn nhd vua dd yiu cdu chinh phi<br /> rpn^ chi d$ biu cfl vd sfl tham gia nhilu phdi diing nhiitng biin phdp cing rdn hdn<br /> hdn cua ngfldi "bdn xi?' vdo hd thong ehfnh ddt vdi nhing ngUdi cdng sdn.<br /> 12 Rghito eihi Lich aiir. stf 7.2011<br /> <br /> "Nhiing ngUdi cd da vd cdc nhd nfio, c. Dung vu lUc d^cdm tu tdp vd gidi tdn<br /> diim ngdm khdc md chinh quyin bdo hd viic tu tap.<br /> nhdm vdo dd dUpc ggi din di nhdn lai vai Mat khdc, cdc ddn vi ddn binh cd sing<br /> trb cii dot vdi ddn chung, bdi fig tiip tuc Id dudi sU chi dao da cdnh sdt Bac Liiu vd:<br /> cd sd xd hpi da Trung IQ/, cd sd md cfio din Cd Mau, da ngiidi ding ddu dm vi cd<br /> lie ndy to ra mdt vu khi vd thu ddng tnide ddng da cd quan an ninh vd nhing dai<br /> nhiing ngUdi cpng sdn". diin chinh quyin tudn tra bdng d td trong<br /> Cde quan chic nghi hiiu d Hd Ttnh thi cdc dim 29 vd 30 (thdng Tu) trin tdt cd cdc<br /> dupc phdi tdi nhiing gia dinh Id ngiidi thdn phd di kiim tra sU tudn phbng da ly dich<br /> da hg di chdng tuyin truyin cdng sdn. vd niu kfidng tfidy fig tudn tra thi manh<br /> Chinh quyin ihupc dia miipn gia dinh di tay vdi hg (en cos ecfieant, leur priter main<br /> gido due con em hg kfidng nin ngfie theo forte" (27).<br /> cpng sdn. Vd ddy Id thdi dd tdn thfldng ning nhidt<br /> Tdt cd cdc cd mdy da xd hdi Viet Nam eiia quan lai, ly djeh, "thUpng lUu tri thic"<br /> truyin thdng dd trd thdnh dot tUpng da tinh Vinh Long dH vdi vi^c ddn dp cdng<br /> mdt viic thi phuc hoat lg.i nfidm thiit lap san, "dn dinh trdt tU" cua. chinh quyin<br /> mdt con di cd thi ngdn dUpc nhiing dpt thude dja trong phong trdo 1930-1931, dflde<br /> thuy triiu cpng sdn ddng lin" t h i hidn qua bfle thfl di ngdy 25-7-1931<br /> eua Chu tinh Vinh Long gfli Thing die<br /> 6 td't ea eac xfl, ly dich cde ldng vd bd<br /> Nam Ky. Bfle thfl ghi:<br /> mdy quan lai Nam trilu bj dly len tuyln<br /> "Tdi tidn fignh gii cho ngdi 7 bdn diiu<br /> trflde trong vide chong cdng vd trdn thfle t l<br /> trdn do cdc quan chic chinh quyin vd cdc<br /> bpn chung khdng phai Id ft da trd thdnh trp<br /> ly dich bdn xi d Vinh Long gii cho tdi di<br /> thu die liic eho eanh sat vd ed quan an<br /> dm dn chinh quyin Phdp dd nfianh cfldng<br /> ninh thude dja trong nhidm vu dflpc giao<br /> dn dinh trdt trii trong vung via mdi bi<br /> cho Id "bop chit mdm phdn loan ti tring<br /> khudy ddo bdi nhiing float dpng mdt trdt tU<br /> nudc'' (26).<br /> vd bao lUc, kfidng thi tfia thi md nfidt Id<br /> Trong bfle thfl d l ngdy 2-5-1930 eua chii cdc hoat ddng cpng sdn.<br /> tinh Bac Lidu gfli Thong ddc Nam Ky ndi<br /> Tdi bdo cho ngdi diidc biit, ding ddu<br /> vl nhflng bien phdp d^ phd vdi nhflng eude<br /> cho nhing biiu hiin da sU trung thdnh<br /> bilu tinh, nut tinh ''cpng sdn" nhdn ngdy 1-<br /> thdnh thUc ndy vd gdn bo vdi sii nghiip da<br /> 5 d tinh ndy eho thiy ro "trdch nhiim'' vk<br /> ngUdi Pfidp Id dai diin da nhiing vi ddn<br /> sfl ''phdt lidp" cua ly djch (notables) vdi Iflc<br /> biiu cd nghia Id Uy viin Hdi ddng thude<br /> Iflpng an ninh thude dja trong cdng vide<br /> dia, cdc uy viin Hdi ddng hdng tinh dong<br /> ndy ra sao. Chu tinh viit:<br /> thdi Id cdc dia chi chinh vd gidi thUpng liiu<br /> "Nhiing biin phdp sau se diipc si dung: tri thic vd xd hdi bdn xvt' (28).<br /> a. Ddm bdo gidm sdt chdt cfie nhiing Kdm theo thfl ndy, chii tinh Vinh Long<br /> ngUdi la trong tinh vd nhiing ngUdi bdn xi gfli Thong doe Nam K^ 7 ban dilu t r l n cd<br /> bi tinh nghi. chfl ky eua hdng trdm 1^ djeh, diin chii,<br /> b. Td chic thudng xuyin viic tudn tra thfldng gia d cde tong cua Vinh Long gvti<br /> ban dim vdi cdc nhdm ti 6 din 10 tudn Petit dl td ldng "biit dn sdu s&c'' dli vdi<br /> dinh dudi sU chi dgo da cdc ly dich. ''cdfi^ trg.ng to Idn'' cua vidn chu tinh ndy<br /> Chuong Mnh "cii cich" chfaih hj... 13<br /> <br /> cung nhfl sfl "trung thdnh tuyet dot" dli diqudc thdm sdt cdng ndng binh. Hiu cdng<br /> vdi nhd nflde "Dai Pfidp", se dflde din ra d ddc vi thudng, vi thi cfio nin di quoc bdn<br /> sau. viic cdi lUdng cho ching, ching dpi dn bin,<br /> Dflng nhfl Dang Cdng san Ddng Dfldng dUng "bdn thinh cdu". Bi qude cdi cdch<br /> n h ^ djnh ngay vdo thdi dilm dien ra cupc muc dich dikOm thim dong minh d Ddng<br /> "cdi cdch" cua Pidrre Pasquier (trong Duong, di hodn todn thu phuc tU bdn bdn<br /> Chfldng trinh hdnh ddng cua Dang Cpng xi vdo phe phdn cdch mgng, cung di keo<br /> san Ddng Dfldng, 6-1932), ring: bgn tiiu tU sdn thUdng liiu trong thdnh thi<br /> "JBpn dia chi, hdo ly cing tU bdn bdn xi vd cdc phdn ti boc lot d thdn qui sang mat<br /> diu sdn ldng ddng vai tuong dao phi giip trdn da ching nd..." (29).<br /> <br /> <br /> CHU THtCH<br /> (1). Nftm 1908, D?ii t i Digne xutft ban mOt cuSh (15). Patrice Morlat, sdd, tr. 369.<br /> 8&ch n6i vl chfnh trj h D6ng DUdng. Tic gia niy so (16), (17). Nam Phong, scf 153, tr. 210-212, 210.<br /> sinh dudng 151 cai tri cua Phip b Ddng DUdng vdi (18). Nam Phong, B6 168, tr. 110-111.<br /> chinh sich thu^c dja cua La Ma c& d?i b chiu Au<br /> (19). Nam Phong, B6 171, tr. 447.<br /> vi khuySn Phip n§n theo gUdng La Ma sii dyng<br /> chfnh sich bao hp dSi vdi cic thu$c dia ciia minh. (20). Nam Phong, s£f 176. 1932.<br /> Nam Phong, a6151, tr. 528. (21). JOIF, 2er semestre 1930, tr. 4193.<br /> (2). D5n theo Nguyin Vin Trung: Chi. nghla (22). Theo S6ng HUOng tuc ban, aS 2, ngiy 26-<br /> thytc ddn Phdp d ViSt Nam • ThUc chdt vd huyin 6-1937, Trong H0p tuyin tha vdn Vi^t Nam, T^p V,<br /> thog,i. I. Vdn hoa vd chinh tri, Nam Sdn xutft ban,Vdn hoc Viit Nam 1930-1945, Nxb. Vin hda, Hi<br /> Sii Gdn, 1963, tr. 280. N§i, 1963, tr. 602.<br /> (3). Patrice Morlat: Pouvoir et Repression au (23). Andr6 Dumarest: La formation des classes<br /> Vi^t Nam durant la periode coloniale 1911-1940, sociales en pays annamites, Lyon, 1935, tr. 114.<br /> Paris, 1985, tr. 366. (24). Dang cgng san Vi^t Nam: Vdn kiin Bdng<br /> (4). Nam Phong, aS 151, tr. 528. todn tdp, T?ip 4, Nxb. Chfnh tri Qu^ Pa. Hi NOi,<br /> (5). Nam Phong, aS 154, tr. 300. 1999, tr. 160-161.<br /> (6). Nam Phong, aS 167, tr. 326. (25). AOM, Slotfom, serie III, carton 42,<br /> (7). Nam Phong, a6178, tr. 533. Gouvemeur G6ndral i Colonies 9-9-1930. Patrice<br /> (8). Xem T^ Thi Thuy (chii bi§n): Lich si Viit Morlat, sdd, tr. 367.<br /> Nam, T9P VIII, 1919-1930, Nxb. Khoa hoc xa h^i, (26). AOM, NF, carton 290, Cd m|t 28-7-1931.<br /> Hi NOi, 2007. (27). I U 45/211(2).<br /> (9).J0IF, sCfe, 18-1-1930, tr. 1959. (28). II A45/244 (2) Vinh Long - M6fait commis<br /> (10), (11). Nam Phong. aS 153, tr. 210. par les communistes - renforcement de la police.<br /> (12). JOIF, 2er semestre 1930, tr. 4193. (29). Dang cong san Vi$t Nam: Vdn kien Ddng<br /> (13). JOIF, 2er semestre 1930, tr. 3519. todn tdp, T^p 4, Nxb. Chfnh tri Quoc Pa. Hi N$i,<br /> (14). JOIF, 2er semestre 1930, tr. 4190. 1999, tr. 6.<br />